MapObejcts组件应用设计(几何对象)

时间:2021-07-15 23:55:58

MapObjects2可以处理的几何元素有Point Line Polygon Circle Rectangle,每种元素定义成一个对象。这些对象统称为Shape,但没有定义Shape对象。除了Point以外,其它四种都提供了交互式输入方法:TrackLine TrackPolygon TrackCircle TrackRectangle

2.5.1 P oint对象

Point是最简单的对象,语句

Dim pt As  New MapObjects2.Point

pt.X = 30342

pt.Y = 43535

建立了一个Point实例。

2.5.2 LinePolygon对象

1图形坐标数据

MapObjects2中,LinePolygon图形都用Point的有序集合的集合定义,称为partsPoint的有序集合定义一条折线,称为part,part的集合命名为Parts。只有一条折线的LinePolygon实例的Parts集合中仅含有一个part。在Linepart的首尾两点不同,在Polygonpart的首尾两点用一个Point表示。

下面这段程序取自附属盘中的样例GeoData中的MouseDown事件过程,程序先根据鼠标位置查出一个省区,然后将省区多边形的坐标串加入到List1控件中。

Dim recs As MapObjects2.Recordset    '查询结果记录集

Dim curX As Single, curY As Single   '鼠标光标位置坐标

 

 Case “显示选择的多边形坐标数据

    Dim pt As MapObjects2.Point

      Dim dist As Double

      Set pt = Map1.ToMapPoint(curX, curY)  根据屏幕坐标建立point实例

      dist = 1000

      Set recs = Map1.Layers(“china”).SearchByDistance(pt, dist, “”) ‘按距离查询

      If recs.EOF Then Exit Sub

      在列表框中显示省界坐标

      Dim shp As Polygon

      Dim pts As MapObjects2.Points

      Dim i As Integer

      Dim j As Integer

      Set shp = recs(“Shape”).Value

      Me.List1.Clear

      Me.List1.AddItem “Parts.Count = “ & shp.Parts.Count

      Me.List1.AddItem recs.Fields(“Name”) + “省界坐标

      For j = 0 To shp.Parts.Count-1

        Set pts = shp.Parts(j)

        For i = 0 To pts.Count - 1

        Me.List1.AddItem (Str(pts.Item(i).X) & “  “ & Str(pts.Item(i).Y))

        Next i

      Next j

      Map1.Refresh  触发Map1_AfterTrackingLayerDraw事件过程,绘制查询结果图

  End Select

2 Points集合与Parts集合

  PolygonLine对象中,Points是点的集合,PartsPoints的集合。以下是集合上的常用操作:

Dim poly As MapObjects2.Polygon

Dim pts As MapObjects2.Points

Set poly = Map1.TrackPolygon  鼠标跟踪绘制一个多边形

Set pts = poly.Parts.Item(0)    获得多边形中Points集合的引用

pts.Remove  pts.Count –1   删除多边形上的最后一点

Dim pt As New MapObjects2.Point

pt.X = 2300

pt.Y = 4500

pts.Set 2 , pt     替换pts集合中的点pts.Item(2)

pts.Reverse      改变pts中点的排列方向

 

Polygon对象中,Points集合中点的排列方向赋予了特殊的含义。简单Polygon边界Points点按顺时针方向排列。含有岛区的复合Polygon的外围边界线点按顺时针方向排列,内部岛区边界线点按逆时针方向排列。

Parts集合是不可创建对象,PolygonLineParts属性也是只读的。在创建PolygonLine对象的实例同时创建了Parts实例,且用Parts属性引用Parts实例。可按如下步骤建立一个完整的Polygon实例:

1创建一个Polygon对象实例。

2创建Points对象实例。

3创建Point对象实例,设置它的XY属性值,用Pionts.Add方法添加到Points实例中。

4重复步骤3,将所有的点加入到Points实例中。

5Polygon.Parts.Add方法将Points实例加入到Parts属性中。

PartPolygon用上述5步即可建立。 对于多PartPolygon重复步骤5

同理可以建立Line实例。

 

2.5.3 几何对象的运算

MapObject2 的几何对象共有6,符号常量由枚举表ShapeTypeConstants定义如下

符号常量

对象名

moShapeTypePoint

21

Point

moShapeTypeLine

22

Line

moShapeTypePolygon   

23

Ploygon

moShapeTypeMultipoint

24

Points

moShapeTypeRectangle

25

Rectangle

moShapeTypeEllipse     

26

Ellipse

六种对象的父对象都是Object

例:判断几何对象的类型。

Dim ObjA As Object

Dim ObjPoint As New MapObjects2.Point

Dim ObjPolygon As New MapObjects2.Polygon

Set ObjA = ObjPoint

 If ObjA.shapeType = moShapeTypePoint Then Debug.Print "ObjA类型是Point"

Set ObjA = ObjPolygon

   If ObjA.shapeType = moShapeTypePolygon Then Debug.Print "objA的类型是Polygon "

 

几何对象的运算在上表中6种对象的实例上进行,由实例的方法完成运算,运算数据来源于实例及实例方法中的参数。

1 IsPointIn

Function IsPointIn(pt As Point) As Boolean

适用对象: Polygon, RectangleEllipse

这个方法判断点是否位于几何对象围成的区域中。例:

Dim pt as New MapObjects2.Point

pt.X = 1200

pt.Y = 2000

if Not Map1.Extent.IsPointIn(pt) Then  ‘Map.ExtentRactangle对象

Map1.CenterAt pt.X, pt.Y            pt为中心显示地图

End If

2 GetCrossings

Function GetCrossings(Shape As Object) As Points

适用对象:  Point,Points,Line, Polygon, Rectangle

这个函数计算两个几何图形的交点集合。例:

 Dim shape As New MapObjects2.Line

 Dim aPoly As New MapObjects2.Polygon

 Dim pts As MapObjects2.Points

 设置shapeaPolyparts属性值

 Set pts = aPoly.GetCrossings(shape) ‘返回交点集合的引用

3

Function Union (Shape As Object,[Extent]) As Object

适用对象: Point, Points, Line,  Polygon,  Rectangle, Ellipse

这个函数返回两个几何图形的并。

PolygonRectangle都表示面,归为同一类类型。参与运算的两个对象应属于同一类型对象。例:

Dim aPoly As MapObjects2.Polygon

Dim bPoly As MapObjects2.Polygon

Dim cPoly As MapObjects2.Polygon

设置aPolybPolyparts属性值

Set cPoly = aPoly.Union(bPoly)

4 Intersect

Function  Intersect(Shape As Object,[Extent]) As Object

这个 函数返回两个几何图形的交。

 

 

 

 

句法:

Set resultShape = object.Intersect (Shape [,extent])

object可以是: Point, Points, Line, Polygon, Rectangle, Ellipse  6 种对象

Shape可以是: Point, Points, Line, Polygon, Rectangle, Ellipse  6 种对象

resultShape的类型随objectShape的组合而异,如下表所示

 

 

 

 

resultShape的类型

   Shape

object

Point

Points

Line

Polygon

Rectangle

Ellipse

Point

Point

Point

Point

Point

Point

Point

Points

Point

Point Points

Point Points

PointPoints

Point Points

Point Points

Line

Point

Point Points

Point Points

Line

Line

Line

Polygon

Point

Point Points

Line

Polygon

PolygongRactangle

Polygon

Rectangle

Point

Point Points

Line

PolygonRactagle

Ractangle

Polygon

Ractangle

Ellipse

Point

Point Points

Line

Polygon

Polygon

Ractangle

Polygon

 

5 Difference

Function Difference(Shape As Object,[Extent]) As Object

适用对象: Point, Points, Line, Polygon, Rectangle, Ellipse

这个函数返回两个几何图形的差。例:

Set cPoly = aPoly.Difference(bPoly)

                 

 

6 Xor

Function Xor(Shape As Object,[Extent]) As Object

适用对象: Point, Points, Line, Polygon, Rectangle, Ellipse

这个函数返回两个几何图形的异或。例:

Set cPoly = aPoly.Xor(bPoly)

 

 

7 Buffer

Function Buffer(distance As Object, [Extent]) As Object

适用对象: Point, Points, Line, Polygon, Rectangle, Ellipse

Buffer函数返回边界距离调用对象为distancePolygon。例:

  Dim aPoly As MapObjects2.Polygon

  Dim aLine As New MapObjects2.Line

  设置aLineParts属性值

  Set aPloly = aLine.Buffer(120)

MapObjects2中,Buffer Intersect Difference UnionXor方法使用整数坐标,具有较高的计算速度。为确保从浮点数转换到整数保持几何操作的一致性,建议使用Rectangle型的Extent参数,对所有的几何操作使用相同的Extent参数。若不使用参数Extent,对相同的Shape重复使用几何方法,不同次的结果图形的几何坐标可能会出现计算误差。

   如果在方法中没有使用Extent参数,Mapobjets2使用两个源Shape的外接矩形的并。

1 在跟踪层画两个Polygon 求它们的Xor,用不同的颜色在跟踪层显示源Polygon和结果Polygon

完整代码在XorPolygon样例目录中。主要代码如下:

Dim shape1 As Object

Dim exclOr As Boolean

Private Sub Form_Load()

'设置PointEvents在跟踪层中得显示用的符号符号

  exclOr = False

  Map1.TrackingLayer.SymbolCount = 2

  With Map1.TrackingLayer.Symbol(0)

    .SymbolType = moFillSymbol  '面(区域)

    .Style = moGrayFill   '半透明填充

    .Color = moCyan

    .OutlineColor = moCyan

  End With

  With Map1.TrackingLayer.Symbol(1)

    .SymbolType = moFillSymbol

    .Style = moGrayFill   '半透明填充

    .Color = moMagenta

    .OutlineColor = moMagenta

  End With

End Sub

 

Private Sub Map1_MouseDown(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)

' Map1窗口中画两个Polygon 计算它们的 XOR

  Dim poly As New MapObjects2.Polygon

  Dim eventLine As New MapObjects2.GeoEvent

  Set poly = Map1.TrackPolygon     'Map1窗口中画Polygon

  Set eventLine = Map1.TrackingLayer.AddEvent(poly, 0) '在跟踪层中显示Poly

  Call doXor(poly)

  End Sub

 

Private Sub doXor(shape As Object) '计算两个PolygonXOR

  If Not exclOr Then   '画第一个Polygon时保存到Shape1

    Set shape1 = shape

    exclOr = True

  ElseIf exclOr Then  '画完第而个Polygon后则计算它们的 XOR

   

    Dim xorShape As Object

    Dim xorEvent As New MapObjects2.GeoEvent

    Set xorShape = shape1.Xor(shape, Map1.FullExtent)      '计算两个PolygonXor

    Set xorEvent = Map1.TrackingLayer.AddEvent(xorShape, 1) '加入到跟踪层中

   

    Set shape1 = Nothing

    exclOr = False

 

  End If

End Sub

 

习题

1 编写程序实现样例1的功能。

2 以习题1的代码为基础,写出Intersect程序,在程序中判断Intersect函数的返回结果的Shape类型。

2.5.4 动态分段

动态分段在Line对象上操作,是Line对象的特有方法操作的结果。在MapObjects2Line表示有向折线,折线的折点称为Vertex(节点),折线的始末点称为Node(结点)。以始结点为度量起点,每个节点都有一个沿着折线的路程值,用路程值确定点在折线上的位置,给定的路程值确定了折线上的唯一点。

1点事件(PointEvents)

   Line对象几何图形上的任意一点称为PointEventPointEvent专用于程序设计,可在程序运行中动态创建,动态改变位置,是动态的Point实例。

:在长度为500的线实例aLine上创建距始点路程为400的点事件。

Dim ptsEvents As MapObjects2.Points

Set ptsEvents = aLine.ReturnPointEvents(400) 

               

0

500

       

 

 

2线事件(LineEvent)

  Line对象几何图形上截取的任意一条线段称为LineEvent(线事件)LineEvent是动态创建的线实例,用线的始末点在原Line上的路程确定截取位置。

   :在长度为500Line实例aLine上,创建始点路程200终点路程400的线事件。

Dim lineEvent as MapObjects2.Line

Set lineEvent = aLine.ReturnLineEvent(200,400)

3线的节点(Vertex)路程

  Line对象实例上的节点距始结点(Node)的路程作为线的几何属性常用于最佳路径分析及网络分析,为此MapObjects.Line对象提供了两个方法:

(1)       Sub  SetMeasuresAsLength()

此方法为线的节点的Measure属性赋路程值路程值用地图的数据坐标计算,是地面上的实际路程。

   :在长度为500的线实例aLine上设置节点的Measure(路程)属性值

aLine.SetMeasuresAsLength

0

80

280

310

500

180

各节点的Measure属性值如下:

 

 

 

 

 

从上例可见,aLine的始末结点也算作节点。

(2)       Sub SetMeasures(StartValue As Double,EndValue As Double)

此方法用StartValue作为始节点的路程值,用EndValue作为末节点的路程值,在这两个值之间按新旧路程的比例插值作为中间节点的路程值,将计算结果赋给节点的Measure属性。执行此函数之前可执行也可不执行SetMeasuresAsLength函数。

:对上例中aLine实例重新设置节点的路程属性值,使得始节点的路程值为1,末节点的路程值为251,中间节点路程值按新旧路程值比例计算。

    aLine.SetMeasurs(1,251)

1

41

141

156

251

91

 

 

 

 

4动态分段样例

MapObjects中,点事件将给定的线动态分为两段,称为动态分段(Dynamic Segmentation)。分段只是视觉上的效果,并未对线进行实际分割。动态分段函数不会更改线的节点坐标值。

1 用鼠标在地图窗口中输入一点,找出最近的一条线,在线上分别使用3Measure函数,显示出每个Measuer 函数设置的线的各个节点的Measure值。完整样例在SetMeasuer目录中

Private Sub Map1_MouseDown(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)

  Dim pt As MapObjects2.Point

  Dim recs As New MapObjects2.Recordset

  Set pt = Map1.ToMapPoint(X, Y) '转换(X,Y)成地图数据坐标系下的坐标

  Set recs = Map1.Layers(0).SearchByDistance(pt, Map1.ToMapDistance(150), "")

 

  ' 如果找到了一条线,则提取它的 shape 字段值储存在 oLine 变量中,

设置 measures 在列表框中显示oLine上的

  ' 的各个节点的Measure值。

  If Not recs.EOF Then

    Dim oLine As New MapObjects2.Line

    Dim pointMeasuer As Double

    Set oLine = recs("Shape").Value

    Map1.TrackingLayer.ClearEvents

    Map1.TrackingLayer.AddEvent oLine, 0

   

    List1.Clear

    List2.Clear

    List3.Clear

   

    Dim vertices As New MapObjects2.Points

    Dim i As Integer

    oLine.SetMeasuresAsLength

    pointMeasuer = oLine.ReturnMeasure(pt)

    List1.AddItem "鼠标点的  Measure: " & pointMeasuer

    List1.AddItem "节点的 Measure:"

    For Each vertices In oLine.Parts

      For i = 0 To vertices.Count - 1

        List1.AddItem vertices(i).Measure

      Next i

    Next vertices

   

    oLine.SetMeasures 0, 100

    pointMeasuer = oLine.ReturnMeasure(pt)

    List2.AddItem "鼠标点的  Measure: " & pointMeasuer

    List2.AddItem "节点的 Measure:"

    For Each vertices In oLine.Parts

      For i = 0 To vertices.Count - 1

        List2.AddItem vertices(i).Measure

      Next i

    Next vertices

   

    oLine.OffsetMeasures 50

    pointMeasuer = oLine.ReturnMeasure(pt)

    List3.AddItem "鼠标点的  Measure: " & pointMeasuer

    List3.AddItem "节点的 Measure:"

    For Each vertices In oLine.Parts

      For i = 0 To vertices.Count - 1

        List3.AddItem vertices(i).Measure

      Next i

    Next vertices

  End If

End Sub

2:在地图窗口中用鼠标左键输入一点,在Map1.Layers(“Road”)图层中找出与输入点距离最近的线,在找到的线上创建与输入点距离最近的点(点事件)。在跟踪层中用红色显示点事件。样例在PntEnt.vbp工程中,从中摘取的程序如下:

Private Sub Form_Load()

省略的其它语句

设置PointEvents在跟踪层中得显示符号

Map1.TrackingLayer.SymbolCount = 1

  With Map1.TrackingLayer.Symbol(0)

    .SymbolType = moPointSymbol

    .Color = moRed

    .Size = 6

    .Style = moCircleMarker

  End With

EndSub

Private Sub Map1_MouseDown(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)

省略的其它语句

Case “点事件

  在道路图层上搜索与鼠标点最靠近的线

  Dim pt As MapObjects2.Point

  Dim recs As New MapObjects2.Recordset

  Set pt = Map1.ToMapPoint(X, Y)

  Set recs = Map1.Layers(“road”).SearchByDistance(pt, Map1.ToMapDistance(150), “”)

  如果找到最近的线则将它的图形数据保存到gLine变量中

  If Not recs.EOF Then

    Map1.TrackingLayer.ClearEvents   清除跟踪层中的点事件

    Dim gLine As New MapObjects2.Line

    Set gLine = recs(“Shape”).Value

    gLine.SetMeasuresAsLength       用长度设置线上节点的路程值

    ‘Get closest measure, and return point events

    Dim nearMeasure As Double

    Dim events As MapObjects2.Points

    nearMeasure = gLine.ReturnMeasure(pt)  ‘ gLine上与pt点最接近的点的路程值

Set events = gLine.ReturnPointEvents(nearMeasure) ‘返回GLine上路程值为nearMeasure的点

    在地图窗口中显示events

    If Not events Is Nothing Then

       Dim theSelected As MapObjects2.GeoEvent

       Set theSelected = Map1.TrackingLayer.AddEvent(events, 0)

    End If

  End If

  End Select

End Sub