使用GDI+保存带Alpha通道的图像

时间:2022-11-08 10:54:03
带Alpha通道的图像(ARBG)在通过GDIPlus::Bitmap::FromHBITMAP等转为GDI+位图,再存储时,透明区域会变成纯黑(也有可能是纯白?)。
 
网上找了两段保持透明的实现代码,列在下边,经测试,第一段无效,第二段有效,这两段代码正好可以对比说明:FromHBITMAP在拷贝图像数据时,原图中的Alpha数据确实没有Copy过来,而并非是未设置图像属性的问题。
 
第一段的思路是:直接用 FromHBITMAP创建一个GDI+位图,新建另一个带PixelFormat32bppARGB标识的位图,再从前者拷贝数据到后者;
第二段的思路是:获取BITMAP数据,新建一个 PixelFormat32bppARGB标识的位图,再从前者拷贝数据到后者;  
 
第二段代码也不够好,应该先判断一下位图是不是32位的,带Alpha通道的只有ARGB格式,ARGB是32位的,所以不是32位的不需要用这种方式来存储。如果要拷贝数据的话,不是32位的格式必须处理行边界对齐的问题。
 
bool   ImageUtil :: CreateGdiplusBmpFromHBITMAP_Alpha (  HBITMAP   hBmp ,  Gdiplus :: Bitmap **  bmp  )
{
BITMAP bitmap ;
GetObject ( hBmp , sizeof ( BITMAP ), & bitmap );
if ( bitmap . bmBitsPixel != 32)
{
return false ;
}
Gdiplus :: Bitmap * pWrapBitmap = Gdiplus :: Bitmap :: FromHBITMAP ( hBmp , NULL );
if ( pWrapBitmap )
{
Gdiplus :: BitmapData bitmapData ;
Gdiplus :: Rect rcImage (0, 0, pWrapBitmap -> GetWidth (), pWrapBitmap -> GetHeight ());
pWrapBitmap -> LockBits (& rcImage , Gdiplus :: ImageLockModeRead , pWrapBitmap -> GetPixelFormat (), & bitmapData );
* bmp = new Gdiplus :: Bitmap ( bitmapData . Width , bitmapData . Height , bitmapData . Stride , PixelFormat32bppARGB , ( BYTE *) bitmapData . Scan0 );
pWrapBitmap -> UnlockBits (& bitmapData );
delete pWrapBitmap ;
return true ;
}
return false ;
}

  

Gdiplus :: Bitmap *  ImageUtil :: CreateBitmapFromHBITMAP ( IN   HBITMAP   hBitmap )  
{
BITMAP bmp = { 0 };
if ( 0 == GetObject ( hBitmap , sizeof ( BITMAP ), ( LPVOID )& bmp ) )
{
return FALSE ;
}
// Although we can get bitmap data address by bmp.bmBits member of BITMAP
// which is got by GetObject function sometime,
// we can determine the bitmap data in the HBITMAP is arranged bottom-up
// or top-down, so we should always use GetDIBits to get bitmap data.
BYTE * piexlsSrc = NULL ;
LONG cbSize = bmp . bmWidthBytes * bmp . bmHeight ;
piexlsSrc = new BYTE [ cbSize ];
BITMAPINFO bmpInfo = { 0 };
// We should initialize the first six members of BITMAPINFOHEADER structure.
// A bottom-up DIB is specified by setting the height to a positive number,
// while a top-down DIB is specified by setting the height to a negative number.
bmpInfo . bmiHeader . biSize = sizeof ( BITMAPINFOHEADER );
bmpInfo . bmiHeader . biWidth = bmp . bmWidth ;
bmpInfo . bmiHeader . biHeight = bmp . bmHeight ; // 正数,说明数据从下到上,如未负数,则从上到下
bmpInfo . bmiHeader . biPlanes = bmp . bmPlanes ;
bmpInfo . bmiHeader . biBitCount = bmp . bmBitsPixel ;
bmpInfo . bmiHeader . biCompression = BI_RGB ;
HDC hdcScreen = CreateDC ( L "DISPLAY" , NULL , NULL , NULL );
LONG cbCopied = GetDIBits ( hdcScreen , hBitmap , 0, bmp . bmHeight ,
piexlsSrc , & bmpInfo , DIB_RGB_COLORS );
DeleteDC ( hdcScreen );
if ( 0 == cbCopied )
{
delete [] piexlsSrc ;
return FALSE ;
}
// Create an GDI+ Bitmap has the same dimensions with hbitmap
Bitmap * pBitmap = new Bitmap ( bmp . bmWidth , bmp . bmHeight , PixelFormat32bppPARGB );
// Access to the Gdiplus::Bitmap's pixel data
BitmapData bitmapData ;
Rect rect (0, 0, bmp . bmWidth , bmp . bmHeight );
if ( Ok != pBitmap -> LockBits (& rect , ImageLockModeRead ,
PixelFormat32bppPARGB , & bitmapData ) )
{
delete ( pBitmap );
return NULL ;
}
BYTE * pixelsDest = ( BYTE *) bitmapData . Scan0 ;
int nLinesize = bmp . bmWidth * sizeof ( UINT );
int nHeight = bmp . bmHeight ;
// Copy pixel data from HBITMAP by bottom-up.
for ( int y = 0; y < nHeight ; y ++ )
{
// 从下到上复制数据,因为前面设置高度时是正数。
memcpy_s (
( pixelsDest + y * nLinesize ),
nLinesize ,
( piexlsSrc + ( nHeight - y - 1) * nLinesize ),
nLinesize );
}
// Copy the data in temporary buffer to pBitmap
if ( Ok != pBitmap -> UnlockBits (& bitmapData ) )
{
delete pBitmap ;
}
delete [] piexlsSrc ;
return pBitmap ;
}

  

使用ATL::CImage来保存图像也会存在黑底的问题,但这并非上述丢失Alpha的问题,事实上, ATL::CImage::Attach不会创建位图的副本。 下面是ATL::CImage在Attach到一个位图名柄后执行的操作,从ATL::Image::UpdateBitmapInfo的实现中可见,它的问题在于默认认为图像是不带Alpha通道的(置m_bHasAlphaChannel为false ),继而在保存操作中,转为Gdiplus::Bitmap时没有使用PixelFormat32bppARGB标志。
 
最后,我从ATL::CImage里边的代码提取了一个函数,应该比上边的靠谱并且效率高点。
 
bool ImageUtil::SavePng( HBITMAP hBmp, LPCTSTR lpszFilePath )
{
DIBSECTION dibsection;
int nBytes = ::GetObject( hBmp, sizeof( DIBSECTION ), &dibsection );

Gdiplus::Bitmap* bitmap = 0;

if(nBytes != sizeof(DIBSECTION) || dibsection.dsBm.bmBitsPixel != 32)
{
// Bitmap with plate or non-ARGB(32bpp)
bitmap = Gdiplus::Bitmap::FromHBITMAP(hBmp);
}
else
{
int width, height, bits_per_pixel, pitch;
LPVOID bits;

width = dibsection.dsBmih.biWidth;
height = abs( dibsection.dsBmih.biHeight );
bits_per_pixel = dibsection.dsBmih.biBitCount;
pitch = (((width*bits_per_pixel)+31)/32)*4; //计算行宽,四字节对齐 ATL::CImage::ComputePitch
bits = dibsection.dsBm.bmBits;

if( dibsection.dsBmih.biHeight > 0 )
{
bits = LPBYTE( bits )+((height-1)*pitch);
pitch = -pitch;
}

bitmap = new Gdiplus::Bitmap(width, height, pitch, PixelFormat32bppARGB, static_cast< BYTE* >(bits ));
}

bool ret = false;
CLSID clsid = GetGdiplusEncoderClsid(NULL, &Gdiplus::ImageFormatPNG);
if(clsid != CLSID_NULL)
{
ret = (Gdiplus::Ok == bitmap->Save(lpszFilePath, &clsid, NULL));
}
delete bitmap;
return ret;
}

  

补充关于Gdi+里图像编码器的一点:每个解码器都有CLSID和FORMAT两个数据,实际上都是GUID,不能搞混了,Gdiplus::Bitmap::Save中接收的是CLSID,Gdiplus中提供的预定义ImageFormatXXX是指解码器的Format,很奇葩,细看了一下代码才搞清楚。见ATL::CImage::FindCodecForFileType。
 
经测试,此代码亦存在问题,见下一篇日记。