如何在unix中每行的末尾添加文本

I am doing certain text processing operations and finally able to get a file something like this

我正在进行某些文本处理操作，最终能够获得这样的文件

india
sudan
japan
france

now I want to add a comment in the above file like in the final file it should be something like

现在我想在上面的文件中添加一个注释，就像在最终文件中一样

india | COUNTRY
sudan | COUNTRY
japan | COUNTRY
france | COUNTRY

like a same comment across the whole file. How do I do this?

像整个文件中的相同评论。我该怎么做呢？

4 个解决方案

#1

There are many ways:

有很多方法：

sed: replace $ (end of line) with the given text.

sed：用给定的文本替换$（行尾）。

$ sed 's/$/ | COUNTRY/' file
india | COUNTRY
sudan | COUNTRY
japan | COUNTRY
france | COUNTRY

awk: print the line plus the given text.

awk：打印行加上给定的文本。

$ awk '{print $0, "| COUNTRY"}' file
india | COUNTRY
sudan | COUNTRY
japan | COUNTRY
france | COUNTRY

Finally, in pure bash: read line by line and print it together with the given text. Note this is discouraged as explained in Why is using a shell loop to process text considered bad practice?

最后，在纯粹的bash中：逐行读取并将其与给定文本一起打印。请注意，这是不鼓励的，如为什么使用shell循环来处理被视为不良做法的文本？

$ while IFS= read -r line; do echo "$line | COUNTRY"; done < file
india | COUNTRY
sudan | COUNTRY
japan | COUNTRY
france | COUNTRY

#2

For a more obfuscated approach:

对于更加混淆的方法：

yes '| COUNTRY' | sed $(wc -l < file)q | paste -d ' ' file -

#3

Another awk

另一个awk

awk '$0=$0" | COUNTRY"' file

#4

You can also use xargs with echo for this:

你也可以使用带有echo的xargs：

xargs -d "\n" -rI % echo '% | COUNTRY'

This will make xargs take each line of input and pass it one at a time† to the specified echo command, replacing the % (or whatever character you choose) with the input line.

这将使xargs获取每行输入并将其一次传递给指定的echo命令，用输入行替换％（或您选择的任何字符）。

† By default xargs will pass multiple lines of input to a single command, appending them all to its argument list. But specifying -I % makes xargs put the input at the specified place in the command, and only put one line there at a time, running echo as many times as required.

†默认情况下，xargs会将多行输入传递给单个命令，并将它们全部附加到其参数列表中。但是指定-I％会使xargs将输入放在命令中的指定位置，并且一次只放置一行，根据需要多次运行echo。

#1