什么是索引:
根据你输入的值去找,这个值就是索引
第一种创建索引的方式:
根据文件来生成索引,如后缀为.txt等的文件
步骤:
第一步:FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(url));根据路径获取存储索引的目录。
FSDirectory:表示对文件系统目录的操作。RAMDirectory :内存中的目录操作。
Paths为NIO(new io)的一个类;Path 类是 java.io.File 类的升级版,File file=newFile("index.html")而Path path=Paths.get("index.html");由于 Path 类基于字符串创建,因此它引用的资源也有可能不存在。
关于nio:传统的io流都是通过字节的移动来处理的,也就是说输入/输出流一次只能处理一个字节,因此面向流的输入/输出系统通常效率不高;因此引进了新IO(new IO),NIO采用内存映射文件的方式来处理输入/输出,NIO将文件或文件的一段区域映射到内存中,这样就可以向访问内存一样来访问文件了(这种方式模拟了操作系统上的虚拟内存的概念),所以NIO的效率很快。
第二步:new IndexWriter(Directory,IndexWriterConfig)创建索引
第三步:索引指定目录的文件
第四步:将文件写入lucene中的文档(Document)
package com.wp.util; import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.nio.file.Paths; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory; public class Indexer { private IndexWriter writer; // 写索引实例 /**
* 构造方法 实例化IndexWriter
*
* @param indexDir
* @throws Exception
*/
public Indexer(String indexDir) throws Exception {
Directory dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexDir));// 根据路径获取存储索引的目录
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); // 这里用了多态,StandardAnalyzer是标准分词器,Analyzer是一个分词器
IndexWriterConfig iwc = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer); writer = new IndexWriter(dir, iwc); } /** * 关闭写索引 * * @throws Exception */ public void close() throws Exception { writer.close(); } /** * 索引指定目录的所有文件 * * @param dataDir * @throws Exception */ public int index(String dataDir) throws Exception { File[] files = new File(dataDir).listFiles(); for (File f : files) { indexFile(f); } return writer.numDocs(); } /** * 索引指定文件 * * @param f */ private void indexFile(File f) throws Exception { // 关于f.getCanonicalPath()查看http://www.blogjava.net/dreamstone/archive/2007/08/08/134968.html System.out.println("索引文件:" + f.getCanonicalPath()); Document doc = getDocument(f); writer.addDocument(doc); } /** * 获取文档,文档里再设置每个字段 * * @param f */ private Document getDocument(File f) throws Exception { Document doc = new Document(); doc.add(new TextField("contents", new FileReader(f))); doc.add(new TextField("fileName", f.getName(), Field.Store.YES)); doc .add(new TextField("fullPath", f.getCanonicalPath(), Field.Store.YES)); return doc; } public static void main(String[] args) { String indexDir = "D:\\lucene4"; String dataDir = "D:\\lucene4\\data"; Indexer indexer = null; int numIndexed = 0; long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { indexer = new Indexer(indexDir); numIndexed = indexer.index(dataDir); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { indexer.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("索引:" + numIndexed + " 个文件 花费了" + (end - start) + " 毫秒"); } }
第二种创建索引的方式:
根据字段来生成索引,我用的是数组
第一步:创建索引
第二步:将字段添加到文档中
package com.wp.util; import java.nio.file.Paths; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.StringField;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test; public class IndexIngTest { private String ids[] = { "1", "2", "3" };
private String citys[] = { "qingdao", "nanjing", "shanghai" };
private String descs[] = { "Qingdao is a beautiful city.",
"Nanjing is a city of culture.", "Shanghai is a bustling city." }; private Directory dir;// 目录 /**
* 获取IndexWriter实例
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private IndexWriter getWriter() throws Exception {
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); // 标准分词器
IndexWriterConfig iwc = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(dir, iwc);
return writer;
} /**
* 添加文档
*
* @throws Exception
*/
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get("D:\\lucene\\luceneIndex"));// 得到luceneIndex目录
IndexWriter writer = getWriter();// 得到索引
for (int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
Document doc = new Document();// 创建文档
doc.add(new StringField("id", ids[i], Field.Store.YES));// 将id属性存入内存中
doc.add(new StringField("city", citys[i], Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new TextField("desc", descs[i], Field.Store.NO));
writer.addDocument(doc); // 添加文档
}
writer.close();
} /**
* 测试写了几个文档
*
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testIndexWriter() throws Exception {
IndexWriter writer = getWriter();
System.out.println("写入了" + writer.numDocs() + "个文档");
writer.close();
} /**
* 测试读取文档
*
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testIndexReader() throws Exception {
IndexReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(dir);
System.out.println("最大文档数:" + reader.maxDoc());
System.out.println("实际文档数:" + reader.numDocs());
reader.close();
} /**
* 测试删除 在合并前
*
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testDeleteBeforeMerge() throws Exception {
IndexWriter writer = getWriter();
System.out.println("删除前:" + writer.numDocs());
writer.deleteDocuments(new Term("id", "1"));// term:根据id找到为1的
writer.commit();
System.out.println("writer.maxDoc():" + writer.maxDoc());
System.out.println("writer.numDocs():" + writer.numDocs());
writer.close();
} /**
* 测试删除 在合并后
*
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testDeleteAfterMerge() throws Exception {
IndexWriter writer = getWriter();
System.out.println("删除前:" + writer.numDocs());
writer.deleteDocuments(new Term("id", "1"));
writer.forceMergeDeletes(); // 强制删除
writer.commit();
System.out.println("writer.maxDoc():" + writer.maxDoc());
System.out.println("writer.numDocs():" + writer.numDocs());
writer.close();
} /**
* 测试更新
*
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testUpdate() throws Exception {
IndexWriter writer = getWriter();
Document doc = new Document();
doc.add(new StringField("id", "1", Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new StringField("city", "qingdao", Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new TextField("desc", "dsss is a city.", Field.Store.NO));
writer.updateDocument(new Term("id", "1"), doc);
writer.close();
}
}
生成的索引文件如下:
关于索引的搜索:
这里有一个要注意的地方:一定要先创建出索引后才能去进行查找,否则会报
package com.wp.lucene; import java.nio.file.Paths; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory; public class Searcher {
/**
*
* @param indexDir
* 哪个目录
* @param q
* 要查询的字段
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void search(String indexDir, String q) throws Exception {
Directory dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexDir));// 打开目录
IndexReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(dir);// 进行读取
IndexSearcher is = new IndexSearcher(reader);// 索引查询器
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); // 标准分词器
QueryParser parser = new QueryParser("contents", analyzer);// 在哪查询,第一个参数为查询的Document,在Indexer中创建了
Query query = parser.parse(q);// 对字段进行解析后返回给查询
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
TopDocs hits = is.search(query, 10);// 开始查询,10代表前10条数据;返回一个文档
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("匹配 " + q + " ,总共花费" + (end - start) + "毫秒" + "查询到"
+ hits.totalHits + "个记录");
for (ScoreDoc scoreDoc : hits.scoreDocs) {
Document doc = is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);// 根据文档的标识获取文档
System.out.println(doc.get("fullPath"));
}
reader.close();
} /**
* 执行这个main方法进行查询之前,必须要有索引,即先执行Indexer这个类
*
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String indexDir = "D:\\lucene";
String q = "ADD";
try {
search(indexDir, q);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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