构建高性能web之路------mysql读写分离实战

时间:2021-10-23 18:36:05

一个完整的mysql读写分离环境包括以下几个部分:


应用程序client
database proxy
database集群

在本次实战中,应用程序client基于c3p0连接后端的database proxy。database proxy负责管理client实际访问database的路由策略,采用开源框架amoeba。database集群采用mysql的master-slave的replication方案。整个环境的结构图如下所示:

 

构建高性能web之路------mysql读写分离实战

 

实战步骤与详解

一.搭建mysql的master-slave环境

1)分别在host1(10.20.147.110)和host2(10.20.147.111)上安装mysql(5.0.45),具体安装方法可见官方文档

2)配置master

首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:

log-bin=mysql-bin #slave会基于此log-bin来做replication
server-id=1 #master的标示
binlog-do-db = amoeba_study #用于master-slave的具体数据库

然后添加专门用于replication的用户:

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repl@10.20.147.111 IDENTIFIED BY '111111';

重启mysql,使得配置生效:

/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

最后查看master状态:

 

构建高性能web之路------mysql读写分离实战

 

3)配置slave

首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:

server-id=2 #slave的标示

配置生效后,配置与master的连接:

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='10.20.147.110',
    -> MASTER_USER='repl',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=161261;

其中MASTER_HOST是master机的ip,MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我们刚才在master上添加的用户,MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS对应与master status里的信息

最后启动slave:

mysql> start slave;

4)验证master-slave搭建生效

通过查看slave机的log(/var/log/mysqld.log):

100703 10:51:42 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'repl@10.20.147.110:3306',  replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000003' at position 161261

如看到以上信息则证明搭建成功,如果有问题也可通过此log找原因

二.搭建database proxy

此次实战中database proxy采用amoeba ,它的相关信息可以查阅官方文档,不在此详述

1)安装amoeba

下载amoeba(1.2.0-GA)后解压到本地(D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA),即完成安装

2)配置amoeba

先配置proxy连接和与各后端mysql服务器连接信息(D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/amoeba.xml):


<server>  
    <!-- proxy server绑定的端口 -->  
    <property name="port">8066</property>  
      
    <!-- proxy server绑定的IP -->  
    <!--  
    <property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property> 
     -->  
    <!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->  
    <property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>  
      
    <!-- proxy server client process thread size -->  
    <property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>  
      
    <!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->  
    <property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>  
      
    <!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K)  -->  
    <property name="netBufferSize">128</property>  
      
    <!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). -->  
    <property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property>  
      
    <!-- 对外验证的用户名 -->  
    <property name="user">root</property>  
      
    <!-- 对外验证的密码 -->  
    <property name="password">root</property>  
</server>  
<server> <!-- proxy server绑定的端口 --> <property name="port">8066</property> <!-- proxy server绑定的IP --> <!-- <property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property> --> <!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size --> <property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property> <!-- proxy server client process thread size --> <property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property> <!-- mysql server data packet process thread size --> <property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property> <!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K) --> <property name="netBufferSize">128</property> <!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). --> <property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property> <!-- 对外验证的用户名 --> <property name="user">root</property> <!-- 对外验证的密码 --> <property name="password">root</property> </server>

以上是proxy提供给client的连接配置


<dbServerList>  
    <dbServer name="server1">           
        <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->  
        <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">  
            <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>  
              
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->  
            <property name="port">3306</property>  
              
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->  
            <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property>  
            <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>  
              
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->  
            <property name="user">root</property>  
              
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->  
            <property name="password"></property>  
              
        </factoryConfig>  
          
        <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->  
        <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">  
            <property name="maxActive">200</property>  
            <property name="maxIdle">200</property>  
            <property name="minIdle">10</property>  
            <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>  
            <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>  
        </poolConfig>  
    </dbServer>  
    <dbServer name="server2">  
          
        <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->  
        <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">  
            <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>  
              
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->  
            <property name="port">3306</property>  
              
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->  
            <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property>  
            <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>  
              
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->  
            <property name="user">root</property>  
              
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->  
            <property name="password"></property>  
              
        </factoryConfig>  
          
        <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->  
        <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">  
            <property name="maxActive">200</property>  
            <property name="maxIdle">200</property>  
            <property name="minIdle">10</property>  
            <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>  
            <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>  
        </poolConfig>  
    </dbServer>         
</dbServerList>  
<dbServerList> <dbServer name="server1"> <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 --> <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory"> <property name="manager">defaultManager</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 --> <property name="port">3306</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP --> <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property> <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 --> <property name="user">root</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 --> <property name="password"></property> </factoryConfig> <!-- ObjectPool实现类 --> <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool"> <property name="maxActive">200</property> <property name="maxIdle">200</property> <property name="minIdle">10</property> <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property> <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property> <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer> <dbServer name="server2"> <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 --> <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory"> <property name="manager">defaultManager</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 --> <property name="port">3306</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP --> <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property> <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 --> <property name="user">root</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 --> <property name="password"></property> </factoryConfig> <!-- ObjectPool实现类 --> <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool"> <property name="maxActive">200</property> <property name="maxIdle">200</property> <property name="minIdle">10</property> <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property> <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property> <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer> </dbServerList>

以上是proxy与后端各mysql数据库服务器配置信息,具体配置见注释很明白了

最后配置读写分离策略:


<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">  
    <property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>  
    <property name="defaultPool">server1</property>  
    <property name="writePool">server1</property>  
    <property name="readPool">server2</property>  
    <property name="needParse">true</property>  
</queryRouter>  
<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter"> <property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property> <property name="defaultPool">server1</property> <property name="writePool">server1</property> <property name="readPool">server2</property> <property name="needParse">true</property> </queryRouter>

从以上配置不然发现,写操作路由到server1(master),读操作路由到server2(slave)

3)启动amoeba

在命令行里运行D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/amoeba.bat即可:

log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/log4j.xml
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/access_list.conf
2010-07-03 09:55:33,821 INFO  net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三.client端调用与测试

1)编写client调用程序

具体程序细节就不详述了,只是一个最普通的基于mysql driver的jdbc的数据库操作程序

2)配置数据库连接

本client基于c3p0,具体数据源配置如下:


<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"  
    destroy-method="close">  
    <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />  
    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" />  
    <property name="user" value="root" />  
    <property name="password" value="root" />  
    <property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />  
    <property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />  
    <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />  
    <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />  
    <property name="maxStatements" value="0" />  
    <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />  
    <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />  
    <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />  
    <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />  
    <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />  
    <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />  
    <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />  
</bean>  
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> <property name="minPoolSize" value="1" /> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" /> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" /> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" /> <property name="maxStatements" value="0" /> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" /> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" /> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" /> <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" /> <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" /> <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" /> <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" /> </bean>

值得注意是,client端只需连到proxy,与实际的数据库没有任何关系,因此jdbcUrl、user、password配置都对应于amoeba暴露出来的配置信息

3)调用与测试

首先插入一条数据:insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')

通过查看master机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:

100703 11:58:42       1 Query       set names latin1
                      1 Query       SET NAMES latin1
                      1 Query       SET character_set_results = NULL
                      1 Query       SHOW VARIABLES
                      1 Query       SHOW COLLATION
                      1 Query       SET autocommit=1
                      1 Query       SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'
                      1 Query       SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'tx_isolation'
                      1 Query       SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT'
                      1 Prepare     [1] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)
                      1 Prepare     [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)          
                      1 Execute     [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')

得知写操作发生在master机上

通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:

100703 11:58:42       2 Query       insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')

得知slave同步执行了这条语句

然后查一条数据:select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003

通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:

100703 12:02:00      33 Query       set names latin1
                     33 Prepare     [1] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?
                     33 Prepare     [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?   
                     33 Execute     [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003 

得知读操作发生在slave机上

并且通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log发现这条语句没在master上执行