cobbler部署

1.cobbler介绍

Cobbler是一个快速网络安装linux的服务，而且在经过调整也可以支持网络安装windows。该工具使用python开发，小巧轻便(才15k行python代码)，使用简单的命令即可完成PXE网络安装环境的配置，同时还可以管理DHCP、DNS、TFTP、RSYNC以及yum仓库、构造系统ISO镜像。Cobbler支持命令行管理，web界面管理，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。Cobbler客户端Koan支持虚拟机安装和操作系统重新安装，使重装系统更便捷。

  Cobbler功能

     使用Cobbler，可以做到无需进行人工干预即可安装机器；Cobbler设置一个PXE引导环境(它还可使用yaboot支持PowerPC)，并控制与安装相关的所有方面，比如网络引导服务     (DHCP和TFTP)与存储库镜像。当希望安装一台新机器时，Cobbler可以：使用一个以前定义的模板来配置DHCP服务(如果启用了管理 DHCP)将一个存储库(yum或rsync)建立镜像或解压缩一个媒介，以注册一个新操作系统在DHCP配置文件中为需要安装的机器创建一个条目，并使用您指定的参数（IP和MAC地址）；在TFTFP服务目录下创建适当的PXE文件；重新启动DHCP服务以反映更改；重新启动机器以开始安装（如果电源管理已启用）。

2.cobbler部署

系统环境

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release       #系统版本
CentOSLinux release 7.1.(Core)
[root@cobbler-server ~]# uname –r        #内核版本
3.10.-.el7.x86_64
[root@cobbler-server ~]# getenforce       #检测selinux是否关闭(必须关闭)
Disabled
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl stop firewalld        #关闭防火墙
[root@cobbler-server ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F '[ :]+''NR==2 {print $3}'       #查看IP地址
10.0.0.101
[root@cobbler-server ~]# hostname        #查看主机名
cobbler-server
[root@cobbler-server ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo         #cobbler安装必须使用到epel源

安装软件

[root@cobbler-server ~]# yum install cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart httpd dhcp tftp xinetd

配置文件

cobbler        #cobbler程序包
cobbler-web     #cobbler的web服务包
pykickstart    #cobbler检查kickstart语法错误
httpd      #Apache web服务
dhcp       #Dhcp服务
tftp      #tftp服务
/etc/cobbler       #配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/settings       #cobbler主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template       #DHCP服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template     #tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/rsync.template     #rsync服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/iso      #iso模板配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/pxe      #pxe模板文件目录
/etc/cobbler/power     #电源的配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/users.conf     #web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest     #web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template     #DNS服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf     #Cobbler模块配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler        #Cobbler数据目录
/var/lib/cobbler/config       #配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts       #默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders      #存放的各种引导程序
/var/www/cobbler        #系统安装镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror       #导入的系统镜像列表
/var/www/cobbler/images       #导入的系统镜像启动文件
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror      #yum源存储目录
/var/log/cobbler         #日志目录
/var/log/cobbler/install.log       #客户端系统安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log       #cobbler日志

Cobbler的检测
      cobbler的运行依赖于dhcp、tftp、rsync及dns服务，其中dhcp可由dhcpd（isc）提供，也可由dnsmasq提供；tftp可由tftp-server程序包提供，也可由cobbler功能提供，rsync有rsync程序包提供，dns可由bind提供，也可由dnsmasq提供cobbler可自行管理这些服务中的部分甚至是全部，但需要配置文件/etc/cobbler/settings中的“manange_dhcp”、“manager_tftpd”、“manager_rsync”、“manager_dns”分别来进行定义，另外，由于各种服务都有着不同的实现方式，如若需要进行自定义，需要通过修改/etc/cobbler/modules.conf配置文件中各服务的模块参数的值来实现。

 #启动apache服务

[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl start httpd    

  #启动cobbler程序

[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl start cobblerd   

查看检查

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler check       #检查存在的问题,逐一解决     

1）指定cobbler服务主机ip

[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 10.0.0.101/'/etc/cobbler/settings

2）提供PXE服务的主机ip

[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 10.0.0.101/'/etc/cobbler/settings

3）启用tftp服务

[root@cobbler-server]#cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp | grep disable
                                    disable                 = no

4）更新引导程序，如果不能下载可以在复制/usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,memu.c32}到/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler get-loaders     下载引导程序

5）执行 systemctl enable rsyncd命令即可；

[root@cobbler-server ~]# openssl passwd - -salt '$(openssl rand -hex 4)''cobbler'
$$$(openss$.wbDUBV/STL0YaNuAcusK/
[root@cobbler-server~]# grep "default_password_crypted"/etc/cobbler/settings   #替换/etc/cobbler/setting内的default_password_crypted为上个命令结果
default_password_crypted:"$1$$(openss$.wbDUBV/STL0YaNuAcusK/"

[root@cobbler-server~]# yum –y install cman fence-agents

最后重启Cobbler：

[root@cobbler-server~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

配置dhcp

[root@cobbler-server~]# sed -i 's#manage_dhcp: 0#manage_dhcp: 1#g'/etc/cobbler/settings              #使用cobbler管理dhcp
[root@cobbler-server~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template             #修改cobbler的dhcp模版，因为cobbler会替换。
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0{
option routers 10.0.0.2;
option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.20010.0.0.;
default-lease-time ;
max-lease-time ;
next-server $next_server;

同步cobbler

[root@cobbler-server~]# systemctl restart xinetd     #重启xinetd
[root@cobbler-server~]# systemctl restart cobblerd    #重启cobbler
[root@cobbler-server~]# cobbler sync      #同步最新cobbler配置，可以看具体做了哪些操作

3.管理cobbler服务

  1）上传系统镜像

[root@cobbler-server ~]# mkdir /home/CentOS
[root@cobbler-server ~]# mount /home/src/CentOS-6.7-i386-bin-DVD.iso /home/CentOS/ -o loop
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler import --mirror=/home/CentOS --name=CentOS-6.7
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler sync    应用配置模板

[root@cobbler-server ~]#cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=ubuntu-14.04.5

2)添加kickstart文件指定到系统列表

[root@cobbler-server ~]#cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-6.7.-x86_64-distro --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Cobbler-CentOS-6.7-x86_64.cfg #指定ks路径

[root@cobbler-server ~]#cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-6.7.1-x86_64-distro --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ubuntu.14.04.5.seed

3）添加system

[root@cobbler kickstarts]#cobbler system add --name=vm01 --hostname=vm01 --mac=00:19:B9:E5:34:FE --interface=eth0 --ip-address=172.16.68.102 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=172.16.68.1 --static=1 --profile=centos5.8-x86_64

4）yum镜像

[root@cobbler kickstarts]#cobbler repo edit --name=centos5.-x86_64-base --mirror=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum

[root@cobbler ~]# ln s /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.-ks.cfg /var/www/cobbler/pub/

指定无人看守安装

[root@cobbler ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io
TIMEOUT
TOTALTIMEOUT
ONTIMEOUT local

LABEL local
        MENU LABEL (local)
        MENU DEFAULT
        LOCALBOOT -

LABEL CentOS_6.-x86_64
        kernel /images/CentOS_6.-x86_64/vmlinuz
        MENU LABEL CentOS_6.-x86_64
        append initrd=/images/CentOS_6.-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=  kssendmac text  ks=http://172.16.68.61/cobbler/pub/centos6.5-ks.cfg
        ipappend 

MENU end

ks文件

[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cat  CentOS_6..ks
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use CDROM installation media
url --url=$tree
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $$78888O7t$XAdzFmSUXy7Ysqayh7IU/
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth1 --onboot=on
# System timezone
timezone  Africa/Abidjan
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Disk partitioning information
part / --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=
part swap --asprimary --fstype="swap" --size=

%packages --ignoremissing
@additional-devel
@chinese-support
@development
@server-platform-devel

%end
%post --interpreter=/bin/bash --nochroot
#sed -i  s/ONBOOT=no/ONBOOT=yes/ /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
#service network restart | /bin/bash
#dhclient -d | /bin/bash
echo "install centos 6.5" > /root/install.txt
%end

ubuntu.seed 

 [root@cobbler kickstarts]# cat  ubuntu.14.04..seed
 # Mostly based on the Ubuntu installation guide
 # https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/installation-guide/

 # Preseeding only locale sets language, country and locale.
 d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US

 # Keyboard selection.
 # Disable automatic (interactive) keymap detection.
 d-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean false
 d-i keyboard-configuration/layoutcode string us
 d-i keyboard-configuration/variantcode string

 # netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it
 # skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.

 d-i netcfg/enable boolean false
 d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
 #d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean false
 #d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string
 d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true
 d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note
 d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Do not configure the network at this time
 #set $myhostname = $getVar('hostname',$getVar('name','cobbler')).replace("_","-")
 d-i netcfg/get_hostname string $myhostname
 # If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for
 # it, this might be useful
 #d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 

 #d-inetcfg/dhcp_failed note
 #d-inetcfg/dhcp_options select Configure network manually 

 # If non-free firmware is needed for the network or other hardware, you can
 # configure the installer to always try to load it, without prompting. Or
 # change to false to disable asking.
 #d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true

 # NTP/Time Setup
 d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai
 d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
 d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
 d-i clock-setup/ntp-server  string ntp.ubuntu.com

 # Setup the installation source
 d-i mirror/country string manual
 d-i mirror/http/hostname string $http_server
 d-i mirror/http/directory string $install_source_directory
 d-i mirror/http/proxy string

 #set $os_v = $getVar('os_version','')
 #if $os_v and $os_v.lower()[0] > 'p'
 # Required at least for 12.10+
 d-i live-installer/net-image string http://$http_server/cobbler/links/$distro_name/install/filesystem.squashfs
 #end if

 # Suite to install.
 # d-i mirror/suite string precise
 # d-i mirror/udeb/suite string precise

 # Components to use for loading installer components (optional).
 #d-i mirror/udeb/components multiselect main, restricted

 # Disk Partitioning
 # Use LVM, and wipe out anything that already exists
 #d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
 #d-i partman/confirm boolean true
 #d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
 #d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
 #d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
 #d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
 #d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
 #d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
 #d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true

 d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
 d-i partman-auto/method string regular
 d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
 d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
 d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
 d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string      \
     boot-root ::                           \
                  ext4       \
                  $primary{ }               \
               $bootable{ }           \
                  method{ format }          \
           format{ }                     \
                  use_filesystem{ }         \
              filesystem{ ext4 }           \
                  mountpoint{ / }           \
           .                             \
                 linux-swap     \
              method{ swap }             \
           format{ }                  \
           .                             \
         max        ext4         \
                   method{ format }         \
               format{ }           \
                   use_filesystem{ }        \
           filesystem{ ext4 }       \
                   mountpoint{ /opt }    \
           .                             \
 d-i partman/default_filesystem string ext4

 d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
 d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
 d-i partman/confirm boolean true
 d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
 d-i partman/mount_style select uuid

 # You can choose one of the three predefined partitioning recipes:
 # - atomic: all files in one partition
 # - home:   separate /home partition
 # - multi:  separate /home, /usr, /var, and /tmp partitions
 #d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select 

 # If you just want to change the default filesystem from ext3 to something
 # else, you can do that without providing a full recipe.
 # d-i partman/default_filesystem string ext4

 # root account and password
 d-i passwd/root-login boolean true
 d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password $$78888O7t$XAdzFmSUXy7Ysqayh7IU/

 # skip creation of a normal user account.
 d-i passwd/make-user boolean false

 # You can choose to install restricted and universe software, or to install
 # software from the backports repository.
 # d-i apt-setup/restricted boolean true
 # d-i apt-setup/universe boolean true
 # d-i apt-setup/backports boolean true

 # Uncomment this if you don't want to use a network mirror.
 # d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false

 # Select which update services to use; define the mirrors to be used.
 # Values shown below are the normal defaults.
 # d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security
 # d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.ubuntu.com
 # d-i apt-setup/security_path string /ubuntu

 $SNIPPET('preseed_apt_repo_config')

 # Enable deb-src lines
 # d-i apt-setup/local0/source boolean true

 # URL to the public key of the local repository; you must provide a key or
 # apt will complain about the unauthenticated repository and so the
 # sources.list line will be left commented out
 # d-i apt-setup/local0/key string http://local.server/key

 # By default the installer requires that repositories be authenticated
 # using a known gpg key. This setting can be used to disable that
 # authentication. Warning: Insecure, not recommended.
 # d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated boolean true

 # Individual additional packages to install
 # wget is REQUIRED otherwise quite a few things won't work
 # later in the build (like late-command scripts)
 d-i pkgsel/include string ntp ssh wget

 # Use the following option to add additional boot parameters for the
 # installed system (if supported by the bootloader installer).
 # Note: options passed to the installer will be added automatically.
 d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string $kernel_options_post

 # Avoid that last message about the install being complete.
 d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note

 ## Figure out if we're kickstarting a system or a profile
 #if $getVar('system_name','') != ''
 #set $what = "system"
 #else
 #set $what = "profile"
 #end if

 # This first command is run as early as possible, just after preseeding is read.
 # d-i preseed/early_command string [command]
 d-i preseed/early_command string wget -O- \
    http://$http_server/cblr/svc/op/script/$what/$name/?script=preseed_early_default | \
    /bin/sh -s

 # This command is run immediately before the partitioner starts. It may be
 # useful to apply dynamic partitioner preseeding that depends on the state
 # of the disks (which may not be visible when preseed/early_command runs).
 # d-i partman/early_command \
 #       string debconf-set partman-auto/disk "\$(list-devices disk | head -n1)"

 # This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is
 # still a usable /target directory. You can chroot to /target and use it
 # directly, or use the apt-install and in-target commands to easily install
 # packages and run commands in the target system.
 # d-i preseed/late_command string [command]
 d-i preseed/late_command string wget -O- \
    http://$http_server/cblr/svc/op/script/$what/$name/?script=preseed_late_default | \
    chroot /target /bin/sh -s

ubuntu有多网卡时需要设置profile

[root@cobbler kickstarts]#cobbler profile edit --name=ubuntu-14.04.5-x86_64 --kopts="auto=true netcfg/choose_interface=auto"

ubuntu.seed模板

 #url:主要参考
 # : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Enterprise/WorkstationAutoinstallPreseed
 # :https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Enterprise/WorkstationAutoinstallScripts
 # :https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/installation-guide/example-preseed.txt
 # :https://wiki.ubuntu.com/QATeam/AutomatedTesting/
 # :https://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/example-preseed.txt
 # :https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/installation-guide/i386/apb.html
 # :http://www.startos.com/zhuanti/zt02/2010/1111/9391.html
 # :https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/installation-guide/i386/ch04s06.html#preseed（然后它）
 # :https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch06s03.html.zh-cn（第一重要，有助于理解整个流程）
 preseed主要包括以下内容
 、本地化
 、网络设置
 、镜像设置
 、账号设置
 、时钟与时区设置
 、分区
 、基本系统安装
 、设置apt
 、选择软件包
 、安装bootloader
 、完成安装
 、预置其他的软件包
 #书写perseed时需要注意的点
 #preconfiguration 文件格式如下
 #<owner> <question name> <question type> <value>
 #确保type与value之间只有一个空格符或者tab
 #多行的话最好是在question name后添加\，而不应该在type与value之间
 #对于debconf 变量，owner前需要加d-i
 #其二，可以通过debconf-utils软件包里面的debconf-get-selections导出debconf数据库和安装程序的cdebconf数据库到另一文件
 #debconf-get-selections --installer > file
 #debconf-get-selections >> file
 #本地化 设置 language country and locale
 #如果预置locale为en_NL在安装后系统默认的locale将是en_US.UTF-,如果想要使用en_GB.UTF-,该值需要分别进行预置
 #d-i debian-installer/language srtring en
 #d-i debian-installer/country string CH
 d-i debain-install/locale string zh_CN.UTF-
 #键盘配置，安装时只提供基本keymap，高级的需要在安装好的系统下才能使用，使用dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration配置
 d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us
 #d-i keyboard-configuration/toggle select No toggling
 #网络设置
 #如果需要禁用网络，则如下
 #d-i netcfg/enable boolean false
 #若网络可用，则netcfg将选择一网口，如果需要跳过显示选择网卡列表，则设置自动选择
 #d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
 #如果想直接指定某一网口，则设置如下
 #d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth0
 #设置链接网口的检测时间,默认时间时3秒
 #d-i netcfg/link_wait_timeout string
 #如果DHCP服务器延迟较高，可以将安装过程中DHCP设置时延变长
 #d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string
 #如果需要手动配置网络，则如下配置
 #d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true
 #d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note
 #d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Configure network manually
 #d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1
 #d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42
 #d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0
 #d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1
 #d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
 #设置hostname以及domain避免问答
 #d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname
 #d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain
 #手动预置hostname
 #d-i netcfg/hostname string abc
 #non-free需要网络，可以配置其直接连接网络而无需询问
 #d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true
 #需要注意的是，如果netcfg/get_netmask没有预置，netcfg将自动侦测掩码，这种情况下，为了自动安装，变量需要标记为seen，
 #同样，如果netcfg/get_gateway没有设置，netcfg将自动选择一个合适的地址。特殊情况下，可以设置netcfg/get_gateway
 #为none确定不使用网关
 #网络控制台
 #如果需要通过SSH进行远程安装，就需要确保网络console
 #d-i anna/choose_modules string network-console
 #d-i network-console/authorized_keys_url string http://10.133.5.100/ubuntu/openssh-key
 #d-i network-console/password password r00tme
 #d-i network-console/password-again password r00tme
 #镜像设置
 #镜像可用于下载安装程序的额外组件、安装基本系统以及所安装的系统建立/etc/apt/source.list
 #参数mirror/suite决定了安装号的系统使用的套件。
 #参数mirror/udev/suite决定安装程序使用的额外组件的套件。它只在组件通过网络下载病与安装时使用的initrd建立套件相匹配时才有效。
 #通常安装程序会自动安装病使用正确的值，而无需手动设置
 #如果选择FTP，则mirror/country无需设置
 #d-i mirror/protocol string ftp 如果不指出所用协议，则默认为http
 d-i mirror/country string manual
 d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org
 d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
 d-i mirror/http/proxy string
 #安装套件
 #d-i mirror/suite string testing
 #d-i mirror/udev/suite string testing
 #账号设置
 #root账号的密码和普通用户的用户名和密码都可以预置。可以使用纯文本或者MD5
 #如果需要跳过root用户的创建则
 #d-i passwd/root-login boolean false
 #同样也可以跳过创建普通用户
 #d-i passwd/make-user boolean false
 #设置root密码，负责为空
 #d-i passwd/root-password password 123456st
 #d-i passwd/root-password-again password 123456st
 #同样可以用加密的MD5哈希
 #d-i passwd/root-password-crtpted password [MD5 hash]
 #创建普通账户
 #d-i passwd/user-fullname string Debian User
 #d-i passwd/username string debian
 # 普通用户密码
 #d-i passwd/user-password password insecure
 #d-i passwd/user-password-again password insecure
 # 或者用MD5
 #d-i passwd/user-password-crypted password [MD5 hash]
 # 为第一个用户以指定UID进行创建
 #d-i passwd/user-uid string
 # 将第一用户加入某一group
 #d-i passwd/user-default-groups string audio cdrom video
 passwd/root-password-crypted 和 passwd/user-password-crypted 值可以使用 “!” 作为他们的预置值。这种情况下，对应的帐号关闭。
 它常用于 root 帐号，用其他替代方法允许管理或 root 登录(例如使用 SSH key 认证或 sudo).
 下面的命令可用于生成密码的 MD5 值。
 mkpasswd -m sha-
 #时钟与时区设置
 #设置硬件时钟是否为UTC
 d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
 #设置为某一时区
 # 可以参照/usr/share/zoneinfo里面的值
 d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai
 #设置在安装过程中是否以NTP为时间基准
 d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
 # 使用的NTP服务器
 #d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string xxx
 #分区设置
 分区可以参考一下以下资料
 #http://www.cnblogs.com/silenceli/p/3472222.html
 #https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Enterprise/WorkstationAutoinstallPreseed
 #使用预置进行硬盘分区受限于 partman-auto 提供的支持。您可以选择使用磁盘上已有的空闲分区或者整个磁盘。磁盘的布局将取决于所使用的预定义方案，用户自定义的方案文件或预置文件包含的方案。
 #已经支持包括 RAID、LVM 和加密高级分区设置的预置，但对于非预置安装的分区仍然弹性不足。
 #下面的例子仅提供了使用方案的最基本信息。详细的内容清参考文件 partman-auto-recipe.txt 和 partman-auto-raid-recipe.txt，它们含在 debian-installer 软件包里。这两个文件也可以从 debian-installer source repository##获取。注意不同发布版支持的功能会有所改变。
 #http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=d-i/debian-installer.git;a=tree;f=doc/devel
 # If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space.
 # This is only honoured if partman-auto/method (below) is not set.
 #d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select biggest_free
 # Alternatively, you may specify a disk to partition. If the system has only
 # one disk the installer will default to using that, but otherwise the device
 # name must be given in traditional, non-devfs format (so e.g. /dev/hda or
 # /dev/sda, and not e.g. /dev/discs/disc0/disc).
 # For example, to use the first SCSI/SATA hard disk:
 #d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
 # In addition, you'll need to specify the method to use.
 # The presently available methods are:
 # - regular: use the usual partition types for your architecture
 # - lvm: use LVM to partition the disk
 # - crypto: use LVM within an encrypted partition
 d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
 # If one of the disks that are going to be automatically partitioned
 # contains an old LVM configuration, the user will normally receive a
 # warning. This can be preseeded away...
 d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
 # The same applies to pre-existing software RAID array:
 d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
 # And the same goes for the confirmation to write the lvm partitions.
 d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
 d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
 # You can choose one of the three predefined partitioning recipes:
 # - atomic: all files in one partition
 # - home: separate /home partition
 # - multi: separate /home, /usr, /var, and /tmp partitions
 d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
 # Or provide a recipe of your own...
 # If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can
 # just point at it.
 #d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe
 # If not, you can put an entire recipe into the preconfiguration file in one
 # (logical) line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable
 # swap, and uses the rest of the space for the root partition:
 #d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
 # boot-root :: \
 #    ext3 \
 # $primary{ } $bootable{ } \
 # method{ format } format{ } \
 # use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \
 # mountpoint{ /boot } \
 # . \
 #    ext3 \
 # method{ format } format{ } \
 # use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \
 # mountpoint{ / } \
 # . \
 #   % linux-swap \
 # method{ swap } format{ } \
 # .
 # The full recipe format is documented in the file partman-auto-recipe.txt
 # included in the 'debian-installer' package or available from D-I source
 # repository. This also documents how to specify settings such as file
 # system labels, volume group names and which physical devices to include
 # in a volume group.
 # This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation, provided
 # that you told it what to do using one of the methods above.
 d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
 d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
 d-i partman/confirm boolean true
 d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
 #其他分区方式可以查看
 #https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/apbs04.html.zh-cn#ftn.idp56652848
 #分区挂载控制
 #文件系统一般使用 UUID 作为关键字挂载; 这使得在设备名变更的情况下仍然可以正常挂载。UUID
 #本身很长不容易阅读，因此，安装程序也可以依照您的意愿使用传统设备名或者指定标签(label)挂载文件系统。假如安装程序使用标签方式，那些没有标签
 #的文件系统仍然使用 UUID 方式挂载。
 #具有固定名称的设备，比如 LVM 逻辑卷，将继续使用它们自己的名字而不是 UUID 方式挂载。
 #传统设备名会根据内核在引导时发现的次序进行调整，这将导致挂载错误的文件系统。与此类似，假如您插入一个新磁盘或 USB 设备，标签也可能有冲突发生。这样系统启动后会出现一些随机的情况。
 # The default is to mount by UUID, but you can also choose "traditional" to
 # use traditional device names, or "label" to try filesystem labels before
 # falling back to UUIDs.
 #d-i partman/mount_style select uuid
 #基本系统的安装
 #本阶段的安装并没有多少东西需要预置。仅有一个与内核安装相关的问题。
 #配置apt使得其不安装默认推荐软件包，这将致使系统不完整，非专业人士不推荐
 #内核镜像安装，none将致使其不安装
 #d-i base-installer/kernel/image string linux-generic
 #设置apt
 #设置 /etc/apt/sources.list 和其他的基本配置选项，将自动地基于您使用的安装方式以及前面问题的回答。您也可以选择性地安装其他(或本地)的仓库
 # 可以选择安装 non-free和 contrib 软件
 #d-i apt-setup/non-free boolean true
 #d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true
 # 配置是否使用网络镜像
 #d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false
 # 定义使用镜像
 #d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security
 #d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.ubuntu.com
 #d-i apt-setup/security_path string /ubuntu
 # 另外的repo local[-] 可用
 #d-i apt-setup/local0/repository string \
 # http://local.server/debian stable main
 #d-i apt-setup/local0/comment string local server
 # Enable deb-src lines
 #d-i apt-setup/local0/source boolean true
 # URL to the public key of the local repository; you must provide a key or
 # apt will complain about the unauthenticated repository and so the
 # sources.list line will be left commented out
 #d-i apt-setup/local0/key string http://local.server/key
 # 无需key认证
 #d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated boolean true
 #选择软件包
 #主要看tasksel所包含的软件集
 #如果打算安装一些安装任务之外的独立软件包，可以使用参数pksel/includ，该参数的值可以用逗号或者空格分开的软件包列表，便于在内核命令行上使用
 #tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, web-server, kde-desktop
 # 另外一些packages
 #d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server build-essential
 # Whether to upgrade packages after debootstrap.
 # Allowed values: none, safe-upgrade, full-upgrade
 #d-i pkgsel/upgrade select none
 # 安装反馈报告
 #popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
 #安装bootloader
 # Grub 时默认 boot loader (for x86).如果想使用lilo则
 #d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true
 # 跳过bootloader安装，则使用下面的
 #d-i lilo-installer/skip boolean true
 # 下述选项将使得GRUB自动安装到MBR，如果没侦测到OS
 d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
 d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
 # 如果想装到其他地方，而不是本地MBR
 #d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false
 #d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false
 #d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,)
 # To install grub to multiple disks:
 #d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,) (hd1,) (hd2,)
 # To install to a particular device:
 #d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/sda
 # 可选，设置grub密码
 #d-i grub-installer/password password r00tme
 #d-i grub-installer/password-again password r00tme
 #MD5密码
 #d-i grub-installer/password-crypted password [MD5 hash]
 # Use the following option to add additional boot parameters for the
 # installed system (if supported by the bootloader installer).
 # Note: options passed to the installer will be added automatically.
 #d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string nousb
 #完成安装
 # 保持console有效
 #d-i finish-install/keep-consoles boolean true
 # 避免安装最后信息弹出
 d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
 # 阻止CD弹出
 #d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false
 # 完成后shutdown，但不重启
 #d-i debian-installer/exit/halt boolean true
 # poweroff
 #d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true
 #预置其他的软件包
 # debconf-get-selections --installer
 > file
 # debconf-get-selections
 >
 > file
 #安装过程中运行用户命令
 #预置工具提供了一个非常强大和灵活的选项，可以在安装过程的一些环节运行命令或脚本。
 # d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks
 # for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a
 # preconfiguration file like this one. Only use preconfiguration files from
 # trusted locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful,
 # here's a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer,
 # automatically.
 # preseed被读取之后，第一个命令将尽可能快的被执行#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb
 # 开始分区开始前命令执行. It may be
 # useful to apply dynamic partitioner preseeding that depends on the state
 # of the disks (which may not be visible when preseed/early_command runs).
 #d-i partman/early_command \
 # string debconf-set partman-auto/disk "$(list-devices disk | head -n1)"
 # 完成安装前命令执行 but when there is
 # still a usable /target directory. You can chroot to /target and use it
 # directly, or use the apt-install and in-target commands to easily install
 # packages and run commands in the target system.
 #d-i preseed/late_command string apt-install zsh; in-target chsh -s /bin/zsh
 d-i preseed/late_command string \
 in-target wget -O /root/desktop-bootstrap.sh "http://example.com/ubuntu-desktop-bootstrap.sh"; \
 in-target chmod +x /root/desktop-bootstrap.sh; \
 in-target /root/desktop-bootstrap.sh; \
 cp /var/log/syslog /target/root/log/install-syslog;
 # No boot splash screen.
 #d-i debian-installer/splash boolean false
 #预置文件链
 #可以在一个预置文件里面包含另外的预置文件。这些文件里面的任何设置将覆盖前面加载的设置。有一种用法，例如，通用的网络设置放在一个文件，其他规格的设置放在另外的文件里面。
 #d-i preseed/include string x.cfg
 # The installer can optionally verify checksums of preconfiguration files
 # before using them. Currently only md5sums are supported, list the md5sums
 # in the same order as the list of files to include.
 #d-i preseed/include/checksum string 5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d
 # More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of
 # preconfiguration files, includes those files.
 #d-i preseed/include_command \
 # string if [ "`hostname`" = bob ]; then echo bob.cfg; fi
 # Most flexibly of all, this downloads a program and runs it. The program
 # can use commands such as debconf-set to manipulate the debconf database.
 # More than one script can be listed, separated by spaces.
 # Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from the same
 # directory as the preconfiguration file that runs them.
 #d-i preseed/run string foo.sh

测试ks文件下载

http://172.16.68.61/cblr/svc/op/ks/system/vm01

命令

yum更新

cobbler reposync

检查配置文件

cobbler check

详细信息

cobbler report

描述信息

cobbler distro list

系统信息

cobbler system list

测试开ks文件下载

cobbler profile getks --name=CentOS_6.5-x86_64