RESTful API 和 Django REST framework

时间：2021-11-08 11:33:17
100天 cmdb最后一天

#RESTful API

	- 定义规范 如get就是请求题

	- 面向资源编程 把网络任何东西都当作资源

	  #给一个url，根据方法的不同对资源做不同的操作

	  #返回结果和状态码

	  http://www.baidu.com/order/

	  method:

	  	- GET

	  	- POST

	  	- PUT

	  	- DELETE

#Django REST framework

	为什么使用REST framework

		1.前后端分离的业务需要搭建API

		2.基于DJango快速开发REST api

1. pip3 install djangorestframework

    2. 创建app01

    3. setting 中加入

            INSTALLED_APPS = [

                'rest_framework'

            ]

            REST_FRAMEWORK = {

                'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [

                    'rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',

                ],

                'PAGE_SIZE': 10

            }

    4. app01/models.py

            class Publisher(models.Model):

            name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="名称",unique=True)

            address = models.CharField(max_length=128,verbose_name="地址")

            def __str__(self):

                return self.name

            class Meta:

                verbose_name = "出版社"

                verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    5. makemigrations migrate

    6. 创建超级用户 admin注册Publisher  增加数据

    7. 项目／urls.py

            urlpatterns = [

            url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

            url(r'^publishers/', views.publisher_list),

            ]

    8. app01/views.py

        from django.shortcuts import render

        from django.http import HttpResponse

        # Create your views here.

        from app01 import models

        def publisher_list(request):

            queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()

            ##方式一： 列表里套字典

            # data = []

            # for i in queryset:

            #     p_tmp = {

            #         "name":i.name,

            #         "address":i.address

            #     }

            #     data.append(p_tmp)

            ##方式二:

            #缺点 图片的字段无法转换为字典

            data = []

            from django.forms.models import model_to_dict  # model 对象 转换成 字典 方式

            for i in queryset:

                data.append(model_to_dict(i))

            #方式三：djangorestframework 自提供

            #需要在app01下创建serializers.py文件

            from app01 import serializers

            serializer = serializers.PublisherSerializer(queryset,many=True)

            import json

            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data),content_type="application/json")

    9. app01/serializers.py

        from rest_framework import serializers

        from app01 import models

        class PublisherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

            class Meta:

                model = models.Publisher

                fields = (

                    "id",

                    "name",

                    "address"

                )

    9. 浏览器访问

序列化

序列化

#urls.py

    urlpatterns = [

        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

        url(r'^publishers/$', views.publisher_list),

        url(r'^publishers/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)$', views.publisher_detail),

    ]

#views.py

    from django.shortcuts import render

    from django.http import HttpResponse

    from rest_framework.decorators import api_view

    from app01 import models

    from app01 import serializers

    from rest_framework.response import Response

    from rest_framework import status

    @api_view(['GET', 'POST'])

    def publisher_list(request,format=None):

        if request.method == 'GET':

            queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()

            s = serializers.PublisherSerializer(queryset,many=True)

            return Response(s.data)

        if request.method == "POST":

            #创建出版社

            s = serializers.PublisherSerializer(data=request.data)

            if s.is_valid():

                s.save()

                return Response(s.data,status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

            else:

                return Response(s.errors,status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    @api_view(['GET', 'PUT',"DELETE"])

    def publisher_detail(request,pk,format=None):

        try:

            publisher = models.Publisher.objects.get(pk=pk)

        except models.Publisher.DoesNotExist:

            return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

        if request.method == 'GET':

            s = serializers.PublisherSerializer(publisher)

            return Response(s.data)

        elif request.method == 'PUT':

            s = serializers.PublisherSerializer(publisher, data=request.data)

            if s.is_valid():

                s.save()

                return Response(s.data)

            return Response(s.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

        elif request.method == 'DELETE':

            publisher.delete()

            return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

#创建超级用户

pip3 install httpie

http -a admin:admin111.. http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishers/

http -a admin:admin111.. http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishers/1

http -a admin:admin111.. http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishers/2

Requests and Responses

#urls.py

    urlpatterns = [

        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

        url(r'^publishers/$', views.PublisherList.as_view()),

        url(r'^publishers/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)$', views.PublisherDetail.as_view()),

    ]

#views.py

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

    from django.http import Http404

    from rest_framework.views import APIView

    from rest_framework.response import Response

    from rest_framework import status

    from app01 import models

    from app01 import serializers

    from rest_framework import mixins

    from rest_framework import generics

    # Create your views here.

    # class PublisherList(APIView):

    #     """

    #     列出所有的出版社，或者创建一个新的出版社

    #     """

    #

    #     def get(self, request, format=None):

    #         queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()  # 查询出所有的出版社

    #

    #         s = serializers.PublisherSerializer(queryset, many=True)

    #         return Response(s.data)

    #

    #     def post(self, request, format=None):

    #         s = serializers.PublisherSerializer(data=request.data)

    #         if s.is_valid():  # 如果数据没问题

    #             s.save()

    #             return Response(s.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

    #         return Response(s.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    # class PublisherList(mixins.ListModelMixin,

    #                     mixins.CreateModelMixin,

    #                     generics.GenericAPIView):

    #

    #     queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()

    #     serializer_class = serializers.PublisherSerializer

    #

    #     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

    #         return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    #

    #     def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

    #         return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

    class PublisherList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):

        queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()

        serializer_class = serializers.PublisherSerializer

    #

    # class PublisherDetail(APIView):

    #     """

    #     具体的出版社，查看，修改，删除视图

    #     """

    #     def get_object(self, pk):

    #         try:

    #             return models.Publisher.objects.get(pk=pk)

    #         except models.Publisher.DoesNotExist:

    #             raise Http404

    #

    #     # 查看具体的出版社信息

    #     def get(self, request, pk, format=None):

    #         publisher = self.get_object(pk)

    #         s = serializers.PublisherSerializer(publisher)

    #         return Response(s.data)

    #

    #     # 修改出版社信息

    #     def put(self, request, pk, format=None):

    #         publisher = self.get_object(pk)

    #         s = serializers.PublisherSerializer(publisher, data=request.data)

    #         if s.is_valid():

    #             s.save()

    #             return Response(s.data)

    #         return Response(s.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    #

    #     # 删除出版社信息

    #     def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):

    #         publisher = self.get_object(pk)

    #         publisher.delete()

    #         return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

    # class PublisherDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,

    #                       mixins.UpdateModelMixin,

    #                       mixins.DestroyModelMixin,

    #                       generics.GenericAPIView):

    #

    #     queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()

    #     serializer_class = serializers.PublisherSerializer

    #

    #     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

    #         return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    #

    #     def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

    #         return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    #

    #     def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

    #         return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

    class PublisherDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):

        queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()

        serializer_class = serializers.PublisherSerializer

class view 三种方式

　　

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