nginx location中可能涉及的匹配规则有
= 精确匹配
^~ 普通字符匹配，区分大小写
~ 正则匹配，区分大小写
/xxx/yyy.zzz 最长匹配
/
本文所用的nginx版本是
[root@node1 nginx]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.4.3
实验机器ip为192.168.151.70，浏览器为IE8，不保存cookies。依次对上面的五个匹配规则两两进行对比实验。
1. = 对比 ^~
location ^~ /images {
rewrite ^/images http://www.baidu.com permanent;
}
location = /images {
rewrite /images http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;
}
结果
[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images
--12:05:53-- http://192.168.151.70/images
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]
--12:05:53-- http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195
Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 690283 (674K) [text/html]
Saving to: `index.html'
100%[========================================================================>] 690,283 --.-K/s in 0.08s
12:05:54 (8.45 MB/s) - `index.html' saved [690283/690283]
=优先级大于^~
2. = 对比 ~
location ~ /images {
rewrite ^/images http://www.baidu.com permanent;
}
location = /images {
rewrite /images http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;
}
结果
[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images
--12:05:53-- http://192.168.151.70/images
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]
--12:05:53-- http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195
Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 690283 (674K) [text/html]
Saving to: `index.html'
100%[========================================================================>] 690,283 --.-K/s in 0.08s
12:05:54 (8.45 MB/s) - `index.html' saved [690283/690283]
=优先级大于~
3. = 对比 /xxx/yyy.zzz
location /images/images.jsp {
rewrite ^/images http://www.baidu.com permanent;
}
location = /images {
rewrite /images http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;
}
结果：
[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
--12:10:58-- http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]
--12:10:58-- http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195
Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 690375 (674K) [text/html]
Saving to: `index.html.1'
100%[========================================================================>] 690,375 --.-K/s in 0.08s
12:10:58 (8.55 MB/s) - `index.html.1' saved [690375/690375]
=优先级大于/xxx/yyy.zzz
4. = 对比 /
location / {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com permanent;
}
location = / {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;
}
结果
[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70
--12:31:09-- http://192.168.151.70/
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]
--12:31:09-- http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.195, 61.172.201.194
Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.195|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 690538 (674K) [text/html]
Saving to: `index.html.6'
100%[========================================================================>] 690,538 1.93M/s in 0.3s
12:31:09 (1.93 MB/s) - `index.html.6' saved [690538/690538]
=优先级大于 /
5 ^~ 对比 ~
location ~ /images {
rewrite /images http://www.baidu.com permanent;
}
location ^~ /images {
rewrite /images http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;
}
结果
[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images
--12:05:53-- http://192.168.151.70/images
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]
--12:05:53-- http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195
Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 690283 (674K) [text/html]
Saving to: `index.html'
100%[========================================================================>] 690,283 --.-K/s in 0.08s
12:05:54 (8.45 MB/s) - `index.html' saved [690283/690283]
^~优先级大于~
6. ^~ 对比 /xxx/yyy.zz
location /images/images.jsp {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com permanent;
}
location ^~ /images {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;
}
结果
[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
--12:10:58-- http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]
--12:10:58-- http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195
Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 690375 (674K) [text/html]
Saving to: `index.html.1'
100%[========================================================================>] 690,375 --.-K/s in 0.08s
^~优先级大于/xxx/yyy.zzz
12:10:58 (8.55 MB/s) - `index.html.1' saved [690375/690375]
7. ~ 对比 /xxx/yyy.zzz
location /images/images.jsp {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com permanent;
}
location ~ /images {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;
}
结果：
[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
--12:19:17-- http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]
--12:19:17-- http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.195, 61.172.201.194
Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.195|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 690441 (674K) [text/html]
Saving to: `index.html.2'
100%[========================================================================>] 690,441 --.-K/s in 0.07s
12:19:17 (9.12 MB/s) - `index.html.2' saved [690441/690441]
~优先级大于/xxx/yyy.zzz
8. ~ 对比 /
location / {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com permanent;
}
location ~ / {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;
}
结果
[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70
--12:26:26-- http://192.168.151.70/
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]
--12:26:26-- http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195
Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 690516 (674K) [text/html]
Saving to: `index.html.5'
100%[========================================================================>] 690,516 2.23M/s in 0.3s
12:26:27 (2.23 MB/s) - `index.html.5' saved [690516/690516]
~优先级大于/
9. /xxx/yyy.zzz 对比 /
很明显，/xxx/yyy.zzz优先级大于/
总上所述location规则优先级顺序为
= > ^~ > ~ > /xxx/yyy.zzz > /