在.NET Framework 3.5中已经提供了一个JSON对象的序列化工具，但是他是强类型的，必须先按JSON对象的格式定义一个类型，并将类型加上JSON序列化特性。本文将试图提供一个高度灵活的JSON通用类型(JsonObject)，实现对JSON的解析及序列化。
假设JSON对象内容如下：
{orders: {
date: '21:31:59',
name: 'Xfrog',
books: [{
name: 'C# 网络核心编程',
publish: '2010-3-24'
}, {name: 'C#入门经典中文版',
publish: '2009-10-16'
}]},blog: 'http://www.cnblogs.com/xfrog'
}
使用JsonObject来构建，可选择以下三种方式：
方式一：
//通过标准构造函数
JsonObject json = new JsonObject();
json["orders"] = new JsonProperty(new JsonObject());
json["blog"] = new JsonProperty("http://www.cnblogs.com/xfrog");
JsonObject config = json.Properties<JsonObject>("orders");
json["orders"]["date"] = new JsonProperty(DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
json["orders"]["name"] = new JsonProperty("Xfrog");
json["orders"]["books"] = new JsonProperty();
JsonProperty book = json["orders"]["books"].Add(new JsonObject());
book["name"] = new JsonProperty("C# 网络核心编程");
book["publish"] = new JsonProperty("2010-3-24");
book = json["orders"]["books"].Add(new JsonObject());
book["name"] = new JsonProperty("C#入门经典中文版");
book["publish"] = new JsonProperty("2009-10-16");
方式二：
//通过回调函数简化对象的构建
JsonObject json2 = new JsonObject((a) =>
{a["orders"] = new JsonProperty(new JsonObject((b) =>
{b["date"] = new JsonProperty(DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
b["name"] = new JsonProperty("Xfrog");
b["books"] = new JsonProperty();
b["books"].Add(new JsonObject((c) =>
{c["name"] = new JsonProperty("C# 网络核心编程");
c["publish"] = new JsonProperty("2010-3-24");
}));
b["books"].Add(new JsonObject((c) =>
{c["name"] = new JsonProperty("C#入门经典中文版");
c["publish"] = new JsonProperty("2009-10-16");
}));
}));
a["blog"] = new JsonProperty("http://www.cnblogs.com/xfrog");
});
方式三：
//通过字符串构建Json对象
JsonObject newObj = new JsonObject(jsonStr);
获取Json对象属性值的方法，也有三种方式：
//通过泛型函数
Console.WriteLine(newObj["orders"].GetValue<JsonObject>()["books"].GetValue<List<JsonProperty>>()[1].GetValue<JsonObject>()["name"].Value);
//通过属性类型对应的属性
Console.WriteLine(newObj["orders"].Object["books"].Items[1].Object["name"].Value);
//如果属性为对象类型，可通过字符串索引简化
-
Console.WriteLine(newObj["orders"]["books"][1]["name"].Value);
通用类：代码/**********************************************************
* 作者：wHaibo
* Email：xfrogcn@163.com
* 日期：2010-04-07
* 版本：1.0
* 说明：Json通用转换类
*********************************************************/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Xfrog.Net
{
/// <summary>
/// 用于构建属性值的回调
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Property"></param>
public delegate void SetProperties(JsonObject Property);
/// <summary>
/// JsonObject属性值类型
/// </summary>
public enum JsonPropertyType
{
String,
Object,
Array,
Number,
Bool,
Null
}
/// <summary>
/// JSON通用对象
/// </summary>
public class JsonObject
{
private Dictionary<String, JsonProperty> _property;
public JsonObject()
{
this._property = null;
}
public JsonObject(String jsonString)
{
this.Parse(ref jsonString);
}
public JsonObject(SetProperties callback)
{
if (callback != null)
{
callback(this);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Json字符串解析
/// </summary>
/// <param name="jsonString"></param>
private void Parse(ref String jsonString)
{
int len = jsonString.Length;
bool poo = string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonString);
string po = jsonString.Substring(0, 1);
string ll = jsonString.Substring(jsonString.Length - 1, 1);
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonString) || jsonString.Substring(0, 1) != "{" || jsonString.Substring(jsonString.Length - 1, 1) != "}")
{
throw new ArgumentException("传入文本不符合Json格式!" + jsonString);
}
Stack<Char> stack = new Stack<char>();
Stack<Char> stackType = new Stack<char>();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Char cur;
bool convert = false;
bool isValue = false;
JsonProperty last = null;
for (int i = 1; i <= len - 2; i++)
{
cur = jsonString[i];
if (cur == '}')
{
;
}
if (cur == ' ' && stack.Count == 0)
{
;
}
else if ((cur == '\'' || cur == '\"') && !convert && stack.Count == 0 && !isValue)
{
sb.Length = 0;
stack.Push(cur);
}
else if ((cur == '\'' || cur == '\"') && !convert && stack.Count > 0 && stack.Peek() == cur && !isValue)
{
stack.Pop();
}
else if ( (cur == '[' || cur == '{') && stack.Count == 0)
{
stackType.Push(cur == '[' ? ']' : '}');
sb.Append(cur);
}
else if ((cur == ']' || cur == '}') && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Peek() == cur)
{
stackType.Pop();
sb.Append(cur);
}
else if (cur == ':' && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Count == 0 && !isValue)
{
last = new JsonProperty();
this[sb.ToString()] = last;
isValue = true;
sb.Length = 0;
}
else if (cur == ',' && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Count == 0)
{
if (last != null)
{
String temp = sb.ToString();
last.Parse(ref temp);
}
isValue = false;
sb.Length = 0;
}
else
{
sb.Append(cur);
}
}
if (sb.Length > 0 && last != null && last.Type == JsonPropertyType.Null)
{
String temp = sb.ToString();
last.Parse(ref temp);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="PropertyName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public JsonProperty this[String PropertyName]
{
get
{
JsonProperty result = null;
if (this._property != null && this._property.ContainsKey(PropertyName))
{
result = this._property[PropertyName];
}
return result;
}
set
{
if (this._property == null)
{
this._property = new Dictionary<string, JsonProperty>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
}
if (this._property.ContainsKey(PropertyName))
{
this._property[PropertyName] = value;
}
else
{
this._property.Add(PropertyName, value);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 通过此泛型函数可直接获取指定类型属性的值
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="PropertyName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public virtual T Properties<T>(String PropertyName) where T : class
{
JsonProperty p = this[PropertyName];
if (p != null)
{
return p.GetValue<T>();
}
return default(T);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取属性名称列表
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public String[] GetPropertyNames()
{
if (this._property == null)
return null;
String[] keys = null;
if (this._property.Count > 0)
{
keys = new String[this._property.Count];
this._property.Keys.CopyTo(keys, 0);
}
return keys;
}
/// <summary>
/// 移除一个属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="PropertyName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public JsonProperty RemoveProperty(String PropertyName)
{
if (this._property != null && this._property.ContainsKey(PropertyName))
{
JsonProperty p = this._property[PropertyName];
this._property.Remove(PropertyName);
return p;
}
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 是否为空对象
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool IsNull()
{
return this._property == null;
}
public override string ToString()
{
return this.ToString("");
}
/// <summary>
/// ToString...
/// </summary>
/// <param name="format">格式化字符串</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public virtual string ToString(String format)
{
if (this.IsNull())
{
return "{}";
}
else
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (String key in this._property.Keys)
{
sb.Append(",");
sb.Append(key).Append(": ");
sb.Append(this._property[key].ToString(format));
}
if (this._property.Count > 0)
{
sb.Remove(0, 1);
}
sb.Insert(0, "{");
sb.Append("}");
return sb.ToString();
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// JSON对象属性
/// </summary>
public class JsonProperty
{
private JsonPropertyType _type;
private String _value;
private JsonObject _object;
private List<JsonProperty> _list;
private bool _bool;
private double _number;
public JsonProperty()
{
this._type = JsonPropertyType.Null;
this._value = null;
this._object = null;
this._list = null;
}
public JsonProperty(Object value)
{
this.SetValue(value);
}
public JsonProperty(String jsonString)
{
this.Parse(ref jsonString);
}
/// <summary>
/// Json字符串解析
/// </summary>
/// <param name="jsonString"></param>
public void Parse(ref String jsonString)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonString))
{
this.SetValue(null);
}
else
{
string first = jsonString.Substring(0, 1);
string last = jsonString.Substring(jsonString.Length - 1, 1);
if (first == "[" && last == "]")
{
this.SetValue(this.ParseArray(ref jsonString));
}
else if (first == "{" && last=="}")
{
this.SetValue(this.ParseObject(ref jsonString));
}
else if ((first == "'" || first == "\"") && first == last)
{
this.SetValue( this.ParseString(ref jsonString));
}
else if (jsonString == "true" || jsonString == "false")
{
this.SetValue(jsonString == "true" ? true : false);
}
else if (jsonString == "null")
{
this.SetValue(null);
}
else
{
double d = 0;
if (double.TryParse(jsonString, out d))
{
this.SetValue(d);
}
else
{
this.SetValue(jsonString);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Json Array解析
/// </summary>
/// <param name="jsonString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private List<JsonProperty> ParseArray(ref String jsonString)
{
List<JsonProperty> list = new List<JsonProperty>();
int len = jsonString.Length;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Stack<Char> stack = new Stack<char>();
Stack<Char> stackType = new Stack<Char>();
bool conver = false;
Char cur;
for (int i = 1; i <= len - 2; i++)
{
cur = jsonString[i];
if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(cur) && stack.Count == 0)
{
;
}
else if ((cur == '\'' && stack.Count == 0 && !conver && stackType.Count == 0) || (cur == '\"' && stack.Count == 0 && !conver && stackType.Count == 0))
{
sb.Length = 0;
sb.Append(cur);
stack.Push(cur);
}
else if (cur == '\\' && stack.Count > 0 && !conver)
{
sb.Append(cur);
conver = true;
}
else if (conver == true)
{
conver = false;
if (cur == 'u')
{
sb.Append(new char[] { cur, jsonString[i + 1], jsonString[i + 2], jsonString[i + 3] });
i += 4;
}
else
{
sb.Append(cur);
}
}
else if ((cur == '\'' || cur == '\"') && !conver && stack.Count>0 && stack.Peek() == cur && stackType.Count == 0)
{
sb.Append(cur);
list.Add(new JsonProperty(sb.ToString()));
stack.Pop();
}else if( (cur == '[' || cur == '{' ) && stack.Count==0 )
{
if (stackType.Count == 0)
{
sb.Length = 0;
}
sb.Append( cur);
stackType.Push((cur == '[' ? ']' : '}'));
}
else if ((cur == ']' || cur == '}') && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Count>0 && stackType.Peek() == cur)
{
sb.Append(cur);
stackType.Pop();
if (stackType.Count == 0)
{
list.Add(new JsonProperty(sb.ToString()));
sb.Length = 0;
}
}
else if (cur == ',' && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Count == 0)
{
if (sb.Length > 0)
{
list.Add(new JsonProperty(sb.ToString()));
sb.Length = 0;
}
}
else
{
sb.Append(cur);
}
}
if (stack.Count > 0 || stackType.Count > 0)
{
list.Clear();
throw new ArgumentException("无法解析Json Array对象!");
}
else if (sb.Length > 0)
{
list.Add(new JsonProperty(sb.ToString()));
}
return list;
}
/// <summary>
/// Json String解析
/// </summary>
/// <param name="jsonString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private String ParseString(ref String jsonString)
{
int len = jsonString.Length;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
bool conver = false;
Char cur;
for (int i = 1; i <= len - 2; i++)
{
cur = jsonString[i];
if (cur == '\\' && !conver)
{
conver = true;
}
else if (conver == true)
{
conver = false;
if (cur == '\\' || cur == '\"' || cur == '\'' || cur == '/')
{
sb.Append(cur);
}
else
{
if (cur == 'u')
{
String temp = new String(new char[] { cur, jsonString[i + 1], jsonString[i + 2], jsonString[i + 3] });
sb.Append((char)Convert.ToInt32(temp, 16));
i += 4;
}
else
{
switch (cur)
{
case 'b':
sb.Append('\b');
break;
case 'f':
sb.Append('\f');
break;
case 'n':
sb.Append('\n');
break;
case 'r':
sb.Append('\r');
break;
case 't':
sb.Append('\t');
break;
}
}
}
}
else
{
sb.Append(cur);
}
}
return sb.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// Json Object解析
/// </summary>
/// <param name="jsonString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private JsonObject ParseObject(ref String jsonString)
{
return new JsonObject(jsonString);
}
/// <summary>
/// 定义一个索引器，如果属性是非数组的，返回本身
/// </summary>
/// <param name="index"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public JsonProperty this[int index]
{
get
{
JsonProperty r = null;
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Array)
{
if (this._list != null && (this._list.Count - 1) >= index)
{
r = this._list[index];
}
}
else if (index == 0)
{
return this;
}
return r;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 提供一个字符串索引，简化对Object属性的访问
/// </summary>
/// <param name="PropertyName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public JsonProperty this[String PropertyName]
{
get
{
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
{
return this._object[PropertyName];
}
else
{
return null;
}
}
set
{
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
{
this._object[PropertyName] = value;
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException("Json属性不是对象类型!");
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// JsonObject值
/// </summary>
public JsonObject Object
{
get
{
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
return this._object;
return null;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 字符串值
/// </summary>
public String Value
{
get
{
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.String)
{
return this._value;
}
else if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Number)
{
return this._number.ToString();
}
return null;
}
}
public JsonProperty Add(Object value)
{
if (this._type != JsonPropertyType.Null && this._type != JsonPropertyType.Array)
{
throw new NotSupportedException("Json属性不是Array类型，无法添加元素!");
}
if (this._list == null)
{
this._list = new List<JsonProperty>();
}
JsonProperty jp = new JsonProperty(value);
this._list.Add(jp);
this._type = JsonPropertyType.Array;
return jp;
}
/// <summary>
/// Array值，如果属性是非数组的，则封装成只有一个元素的数组
/// </summary>
public List<JsonProperty> Items
{
get
{
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Array)
{
return this._list;
}
else
{
List<JsonProperty> list = new List<JsonProperty>();
list.Add(this);
return list;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 数值
/// </summary>
public double Number
{
get
{
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Number)
{
return this._number;
}
else
{
return double.NaN;
}
}
}
public void Clear()
{
this._type = JsonPropertyType.Null;
this._value = String.Empty;
this._object = null;
if (this._list != null)
{
this._list.Clear();
this._list = null;
}
}
public Object GetValue()
{
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.String)
{
return this._value;
}
else if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
{
return this._object;
}
else if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Array)
{
return this._list;
}
else if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Bool)
{
return this._bool;
}
else if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Number)
{
return this._number;
}
else
{
return null;
}
}
public virtual T GetValue<T>() where T : class
{
return (GetValue() as T);
}
public virtual void SetValue(Object value)
{
if (value is String)
{
this._type = JsonPropertyType.String;
this._value = (String)value;
}
else if (value is List<JsonProperty>)
{
this._list = ((List<JsonProperty>)value);
this._type = JsonPropertyType.Array;
}
else if (value is JsonObject)
{
this._object = (JsonObject)value;
this._type = JsonPropertyType.Object;
}
else if (value is bool)
{
this._bool = (bool)value;
this._type = JsonPropertyType.Bool;
}
else if (value == null)
{
this._type = JsonPropertyType.Null;
}
else
{
double d = 0;
if (double.TryParse(value.ToString(), out d))
{
this._number = d;
this._type = JsonPropertyType.Number;
}
else
{
throw new ArgumentException("错误的参数类型!");
}
}
}
public virtual int Count
{
get
{
int c = 0;
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Array)
{
if (this._list != null)
{
c = this._list.Count;
}
}
else
{
c = 1;
}
return c;
}
}
public JsonPropertyType Type
{
get { return this._type; }
}
public override string ToString()
{
return this.ToString("");
}
public virtual string ToString(String format)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.String)
{
sb.Append("'").Append(this._value).Append("'");
return sb.ToString();
}
else if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Bool)
{
return this._bool ? "true" : "false";
}
else if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Number)
{
return this._number.ToString();
}
else if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Null)
{
return "null";
}
else if (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
{
return this._object.ToString();
}
else
{
if (this._list == null || this._list.Count == 0)
{
sb.Append("[]");
}
else
{
sb.Append("[");
if (this._list.Count > 0)
{
foreach (JsonProperty p in this._list)
{
sb.Append(p.ToString());
sb.Append(", ");
}
sb.Length-=2;
}
sb.Append("]");
}
return sb.ToString();
}
}
}
}
直接使用ToString函数，将JsonObject转换为Json字符串：
String jsonStr = json.ToString();
注意：
我在重载ToString函数时，并没有将字符串转换为JavsScript字符串类型(即对需要转义的字符的处理)，当然，要实现也是极其简单的。另外，对于带String参数的ToString，我也为做特殊处理，感兴趣的朋友可自行实现。