在R中工作时分离所有的包

While working to solve another problem I got this problem:

在努力解决另一个问题时，我遇到了这个问题:

I can remove all R objects by:

我可以通过:

rm(list = ls(all = TRUE))

Is there equivalent command that can detach installed packages during working session?

是否有相同的命令可以在工作期间分离已安装的包?

> sessionInfo()
R version 2.12.2 (2011-02-25)
Platform: i386-pc-mingw32/i386 (32-bit)

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base 

require(ggplot2)

要求(ggplot2)

Loading required package: ggplot2
Loading required package: reshape
Loading required package: plyr

Attaching package: 'reshape'

The following object(s) are masked from 'package:plyr':

    round_any

Loading required package: grid
Loading required package: proto

sessionInfo()

sessionInfo()

R version 2.12.2 (2011-02-25)
Platform: i386-pc-mingw32/i386 (32-bit)

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] grid      stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
[8] base     

other attached packages:
[1] ggplot2_0.8.9 proto_0.3-9.1 reshape_0.8.4 plyr_1.4 

I tried this way, although even it worked in not a global solution :

我尝试过这种方法，尽管它并不适用于全局解决方案:

pkg <- c("package:ggplot2_0.8.9", "package:proto_0.3-9.1", "package:reshape_0.8.4",  "package:plyr_1.4")

 detach(pkg, character.only = TRUE)

Error in detach(pkg, character.only = TRUE) : invalid 'name' argument
In addition: Warning message:
In if (is.na(pos)) stop("invalid 'name' argument") :
  the condition has length > 1 and only the first element will be used

What I am loking for is something global like:

我想要的是一种全球性的东西:

  rm(list = ls(all = TRUE))

for objects, expect it would not remove attached base packages

对于对象，期望它不会删除附加的基本包

thanks;

谢谢,

7 个解决方案

#1

Please try this:

请试试这个:

detachAllPackages <- function() {

  basic.packages <- c("package:stats","package:graphics","package:grDevices","package:utils","package:datasets","package:methods","package:base")

  package.list <- search()[ifelse(unlist(gregexpr("package:",search()))==1,TRUE,FALSE)]

  package.list <- setdiff(package.list,basic.packages)

  if (length(package.list)>0)  for (package in package.list) detach(package, character.only=TRUE)

}

detachAllPackages()

#2

So, someone should have simply answered the following.

因此，应该有人简单地回答以下问题。

lapply(paste('package:',names(sessionInfo()$otherPkgs),sep=""),detach,character.only=TRUE,unload=TRUE)

#3

You were close. Note what ?detach has to say about the first argument name of detach():

你是亲密的。注意什么?detach必须说出detach()的第一个参数名:

Arguments:

参数:

name: The object to detach.  Defaults to ‘search()[pos]’.  This can
      be an unquoted name or a character string but _not_ a
      character vector.  If a number is supplied this is taken as
      ‘pos’.

So we need to repeatedly call detach() once per element of pkg. There are a couple of other arguments we need to specify to get this to work. The first is character.only = TRUE, which allows the function to assume that name is a character string - it won't work without it. Second, we also probably want to unload any associated namespace. This can be achieved by setting unload = TRUE. So the solution is, for example:

因此，我们需要多次调用detach()每一个pkg元素。我们需要指定一些其他参数来让它工作。首先是性格。仅= TRUE，它允许函数假定名称是字符串——没有它就不能工作。其次，我们可能还想卸载任何关联的名称空间。这可以通过设置unload = TRUE来实现。所以答案是，例如:

pkg <- c("package:vegan","package:permute")
lapply(pkg, detach, character.only = TRUE, unload = TRUE)

Here is a full example:

这里有一个完整的例子:

> require(vegan)
Loading required package: vegan
Loading required package: permute
This is vegan 2.0-0
> sessionInfo()
R version 2.13.1 Patched (2011-09-13 r57007)
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)

locale:
 [1] LC_CTYPE=en_GB.utf8       LC_NUMERIC=C             
 [3] LC_TIME=en_GB.utf8        LC_COLLATE=en_GB.utf8    
 [5] LC_MONETARY=C             LC_MESSAGES=en_GB.utf8   
 [7] LC_PAPER=en_GB.utf8       LC_NAME=C                
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C              LC_TELEPHONE=C           
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_GB.utf8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C      

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
[7] base     

other attached packages:
[1] vegan_2.0-0   permute_0.7-0

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] grid_2.13.1     lattice_0.19-33 tools_2.13.1   
> pkg <- c("package:vegan","package:permute")
> lapply(pkg, detach, character.only = TRUE, unload = TRUE)
[[1]]
NULL

[[2]]
NULL

> sessionInfo()
R version 2.13.1 Patched (2011-09-13 r57007)
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)

locale:
 [1] LC_CTYPE=en_GB.utf8       LC_NUMERIC=C             
 [3] LC_TIME=en_GB.utf8        LC_COLLATE=en_GB.utf8    
 [5] LC_MONETARY=C             LC_MESSAGES=en_GB.utf8   
 [7] LC_PAPER=en_GB.utf8       LC_NAME=C                
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C              LC_TELEPHONE=C           
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_GB.utf8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C      

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
[7] base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] grid_2.13.1     lattice_0.19-33 tools_2.13.1

If you want to turn this into a function, study the code in sessionInfo() to see how it identifies what it labels as "other attached packages:". Combine that bit of code with the idea above in a single function and you are home and dry. I'll leave that bit up to you though.

如果您想将其转换为函数，请研究sessionInfo()中的代码，看看它是如何将哪些内容标记为“其他附加包:”的。将这段代码与上面的想法结合到一个函数中，您就可以大干一场了。我把这一点留给你来决定。

#4

nothing

It may be worth to add solution made available by Romain François. When loaded the package nothing, which is currently available on GitHub, will unload all of the loaded packages; as in the example that Romain provides:

或许有必要增加罗曼·弗朗索瓦(Romain Francois)提供的解决方案。当加载包时，GitHub上当前可用的nothing将卸载所有加载的包;正如罗曼提供的例子:

loadedNamespaces()
[1] "base"      "datasets"  "grDevices" "graphics"  "methods"   "stats"
[7] "utils"

require(nothing, quietly = TRUE)

loadedNamespaces()
[1] "base"

Installation

With use of the devtools package:

使用devtools包:

devtools::install_github("romainfrancois/nothing")

pacman

An alternative approach uses pacman package available through CRAN:

另一种方法是使用可通过CRAN获得的pacman包:

pacman::p_unload(pacman::p_loaded(), character.only = TRUE)

#5

Building on Gavin's answer but not quite to a full function would be this sequence:

以Gavin的答案为基础但不完全是一个完整的函数会是这样的序列:

sess.pkgs <- function (package = NULL) 
{   z <- list()
       if (is.null(package)) {
        package <- grep("^package:", search(), value = TRUE)
        keep <- sapply(package, function(x) x == "package:base" || 
            !is.null(attr(as.environment(x), "path")))
        package <- sub("^package:", "", package[keep])
    }
    pkgDesc <- lapply(package, packageDescription)
    if (length(package) == 0) 
        stop("no valid packages were specified")
    basePkgs <- sapply(pkgDesc, function(x) !is.null(x$Priority) && 
        x$Priority == "base")
    z$basePkgs <- package[basePkgs]
    if (any(!basePkgs)) {
        z$otherPkgs <-  package[!basePkgs]
    }
    z
}

lapply(paste("package:",sess.pkgs()$otherPkgs, sep=""), detach, 
                             character.only = TRUE, unload = TRUE)

#6

or if you have RStudio, simply uncheck all the checked boxes in Packages Tab to detach

或者，如果您有RStudio，只需取消对Packages选项卡中要分离的所有复选框的选中

#7

Most of the times its the plyr vs dplyr issue. Use this in the beginning of the code:

大多数时候是plyr和dplyr的问题。在代码的开头使用这个:

detach("package:plyr", unload=TRUE)

So whenever the script runs, its clears the plyr package

所以无论脚本何时运行，它都会清除plyr包