Python 迭代器协议以及可迭代对象、迭代器对象

时间:2023-01-02 09:40:49

一、迭代器协议定义:

  迭代:是一个重复的过程,每一次重复,都是基于上一次的结果而来

while True: #单纯的重复
print('你瞅啥')

l
=['a','b','c','d']
count
=0
while count < len(l):
print(l[count])
count
+=1

  迭代器协议是指:对象必须提供一个next方法,执行该方法要么返回迭代中的下一项,要么就引起一个StopIteration异常,以终止迭代 (只能往后走不能往前退)

二、可迭代对象定义:

  实现了迭代器协议的对象(如何实现:对象内部定义一个__iter__()方法)是对象下有__iter__方法:对象.__iter__,该对象就是可迭代对象

s='hello'
l
=['a','b','c','d']
t
=('a','b','c','d')
dic
={'name':'egon','sex':'m',"age":18}
set1
={1,2,3}
f
=open('db.txt')

s.
__iter__()
l.
__iter__()
t.
__iter__()
dic.
__iter__()
set1.
__iter__()
f.
__iter__()

以上都是可迭代对象

三、迭代器对象定义:

  可迭代对象执行内置的__iter__方法,得到的结果就是迭代器对象

  1、有__iter__,执行得到仍然是迭代本身
  2、有__next__
  3、不依赖于索引的取值方式

dic={'name':'egon','sex':'m',"age":18}

i
=dic.__iter__()
# print(i) #iterator迭代器

# i.__next__() #next(i)
print(next(i))
print(next(i))
print(next(i))
print(next(i)) #StopIteration

l
=['a','b','c','d']

i
=l.__iter__()
print(next(i))
print(next(i))
print(next(i))
print(next(i))
print(next(i)) #StopIteration

四、迭代器对象的优点

1:提供了一种统一的(不依赖于索引的)迭代方式
2:迭代器本身,比起其他数据类型更省内存

l=['a','b','c','d']
i
=iter(l)

dic
={'a':1,'b':2}
x
=dic.keys()
print(x)
i
=x.__iter__()

with open(
'a.txt') as f:
# print(next(f))
# print(next(f))
# print(next(f))
f.read()

五、迭代器对象的缺点

1:一次性,只能往后走,不能回退,不如索引取值灵活
2:无法预知什么时候取值结束,即无法预知长度

l=['a','b','c','d']
i
=iter(l)
print(next(i))
print(next(i))
print(next(i))

六, for循环与可迭代对象

  凡是可for循环的都是可迭代的对象

l=['a','b','c','d']
for item in l: #iter_l=l.__iter__()
print(item)


for item in {1,2,3,4}:
print(item)

七、判断可迭代对象与迭代器对象

需要from collections import Iterable,Iterator

用其中的isinstance()来判断是否是可迭代对象与迭代器对象

from collections import Iterable,Iterator
s
='hello'
l
=['a','b','c','d']
t
=('a','b','c','d')
dic
={'name':'egon','sex':'m',"age":18}
set1
={1,2,3}
f
=open('a.txt')

#判断可迭代对象
print(isinstance(s,Iterable))
print(isinstance(l,Iterable))
print(isinstance(t,Iterable))
print(isinstance(dic,Iterable))
print(isinstance(set1,Iterable))
print(isinstance(f,Iterable))
#判断迭代器对象
print(isinstance(s,Iterator))
print(isinstance(l,Iterator))
print(isinstance(t,Iterator))
print(isinstance(dic,Iterator))
print(isinstance(set1,Iterator))
print(isinstance(f,Iterator))