题目大意:将多个电脑通过网线连接起来,不断查询2台电脑之间是否连通。
问题来源:中国大学mooc
05-树8 File Transfer (25 分)
We have a network of computers and a list of bi-directional connections. Each of these connections allows a file transfer from one computer to another. Is it possible to send a file from any computer on the network to any other?
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. For each test case, the first line contains N (2≤N≤104), the total number of computers in a network. Each computer in the network is then represented by a positive integer between 1 and N. Then in the following lines, the input is given in the format:
I c1 c2
where I
stands for inputting a connection between c1
and c2
; or
C c1 c2
where C
stands for checking if it is possible to transfer files between c1
and c2
; or
S
where S
stands for stopping this case.
Output Specification:
For each C
case, print in one line the word "yes" or "no" if it is possible or impossible to transfer files between c1
and c2
, respectively. At the end of each case, print in one line "The network is connected." if there is a path between any pair of computers; or "There are k
components." where k
is the number of connected components in this network.
Sample Input 1:
5
C 3 2
I 3 2
C 1 5
I 4 5
I 2 4
C 3 5
S
Sample Output 1:
no
no
yes
There are 2 components.
Sample Input 2:
5
C 3 2
I 3 2
C 1 5
I 4 5
I 2 4
C 3 5
I 1 3
C 1 5
S
Sample Output 2:
no
no
yes
yes
The network is connected.
思路: 并查集的题目,首先知道如何表示并查集的数据结构:
int Find(SetType S[],int x){
int i;
for(i=;i<MaxSize&&S[i].data!=x;i++); //查找的时间复杂度n
if(i>MaxSize)return -;
for(;S[i].parent>=;i=S[i].parent);
return i; //找到X所属集合,返回树根结点在数组S中的下标
} void Union(SetType S[],int x1,int x2){
int root1,root2;
root1=find(S,x1);
root2=find(S,x2);
if(root1!=root2)S[root2]=root1; }
优化后的Find和路径压缩函数如下:
#define Maxitem 10000 int S[Maxitem];
//采用路径压缩,尾递归寻找他的根结点
int find(int x){
if(S[x]<)return x;
////先找到根; 把根变成 X 的父结点; 再返回根。
else return S[x]=find(S[x]);
}
//按秩归并,将根结点数量少的树连接到根结点多的树,这里用S[root]表示根结点
//S[root]为负数,绝对值为节点数
void Union(int root1,int root2){
if(S[root1]>S[root2]){
S[root2]+=S[root1];
S[root1]=root2;
}else {
S[root1]+=S[root2];
S[root2]=root1;
}
}
程序框架:
最终代码如下:
#include<cstdio>
#define Maxitem 10000 int S[Maxitem];
//采用路径压缩,尾递归寻找他的根结点
int find(int x){
if(S[x]<)return x;
////先找到根; 把根变成 X 的父结点; 再返回根。
else return S[x]=find(S[x]);
}
//按秩归并,将根结点数量少的树连接到根结点多的树,这里用S[root]表示根结点
//S[root]为负数,绝对值为节点数
void Union(int root1,int root2){
if(S[root1]>S[root2]){
S[root2]+=S[root1];
S[root1]=root2;
}else {
S[root1]+=S[root2];
S[root2]=root1;
}
}
void initialzation(int n){
for(int i=;i<n;i++){
S[i]=-;
}
}
void Input_connection(){
int u,v,root1,root2;
scanf("%d %d",&u,&v);
getchar();
root1=find(u-);
root2=find(v-);
Union(root1,root2);
}
void Check_connection(){
int u,v,root1,root2;
scanf("%d %d",&u,&v);
getchar();
root1=find(u-);
root2=find(v-);
if(root1==root2)printf("yes\n");
else printf("no\n");
}
void Check_networks(int n){
int count=;
for(int i=;i<n;i++)
if(S[i]<)count++;
if(count==)printf("The network is connected.\n");
else printf("There are %d components.\n",count);
}
int main(){
char in;
int n;
scanf("%d",&n);
initialzation(n);
do{
scanf("%c",&in);
switch(in){
case'I':Input_connection();break;
case'C':Check_connection();break;
case'S':Check_networks(n);break;
}
}while(in!='S');
return ;
}