提到Android里的消息机制，便会提到Message、Handler、Looper、MessageQueue这四个类，我先简单介绍以下这4个类
之间的爱恨情仇。
Message
消息的封装类，里边存储了消息的详细信息，以及要传递的数据
Handler
主要用在消息的发送上，有即时消息，有延迟消息，内部还提供了享元模式封装了消息对象池，能够有效的减少重复对象的创建，留更多的内存做其他的事，
Looper
这个类内部持有一个MessageQueue对象，当创建Looper的时候，同时也会创建一个MessageQueue，然后Looper的主要工作就不断的轮训MessageQueue，轮到天荒地老的那种
MessageQueue
内部持有一个Message对象，采用单项链表的形式来维护消息列队。并且提供了入队，出队的基础操作
举个现实中的栗子，Message就相当于包装好的快递盒子，Handler就相当于传送带，MessageQueue就相当于快递车，Looper就相当于快递员，联想一下，来个快递盒子，biu丢到传送带上，传送带很智能，直接传送到快递三轮车里，然后快递小哥送一波～，日夜交替，不分昼夜的工作，好家伙，007工作制
消息机制的初始化
好，我们把这4个家伙从头到位分析一遍，要想使用Android的消息，首先要创建Looper对象，Android系统已经帮我们在UI线程内创建好了一个，我们可以看一下
public final class ActivityThread extends ClientTransactionHandler {
/**
* The main entry point from zygote.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false, startSeq);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
// End of event ActivityThreadMain.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
}
ActivityThread这个类大家应该不陌生吧，没错，他就是我们App的主线程管理类，我们看到他调用了 prepareMainLooper 来初始化，然后 loop，天荒地老的那种loop，这个loop，我们最后聊
我们看一下Looper内部提供的 prepareMainLooper 实现
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
上边涉及到了3个方法，我都贴出来了，首先 quitAllowed 这个参数代表该Looper是否可以退出，我们主线程内的Looper是不允许退出的，所以封装了 prepareMainLooper 方法和 prepare 方法已做区分，我们项目中平时用的都是 prepare 方法，因为是子线程，所以允许退出Looper，大家在子线程内用完记得调用quit哦~
这里我们看Looper内部是通过ThreadLocal维护的Looper对象，也就是说每个线程都是相互独立的。而且Looper做了限制，每个线程内部只能存在一个Looper对象，等同于每个线程内只能有一个MessageQueue
最后在Looper的构造方法内，创建了一个MessageQueue对象，整个Looper的初始化就结束了
创建消息
我们准备好了Looper和MessageQueue后，就可以创建消息啦，接下来我们创建一个消息吧
//直接new对象，不推荐的方式
Message msg = new Message();
//推荐：内部是一个复用对象池
Message message = handler.obtainMessage();
message.what = 1;
message.obj = "hello world";
发送消息（入队）
我们发送消息的时候，都是会借助Handler的sendMessage就可以把消息发送到列队里了，我们往下看是如何完成的入队操作吧，首先我们平时都是创建一个Handler，然后调用sendMessage就可以了
Handler handler = new Handler();
handler.sendMessage(message);
我们先看一下Handler的构造方法
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
public Handler(@Nullable Callback callback, boolean async) {
//FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS一直都是false，所以不用关心这个逻辑
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
//得到当前线程下的Looper对象
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread()
+ " that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
//从Loopper内部获取一个列队
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
// 回调对象，我们平时写的时候，一般都是用类集成的方式重写 handleMessage 方法
mCallback = callback;
//标示当前Handler是否支持异步消息
mAsynchronous = async;
}
其实构造方法很简单呐，就是获取Looper对象，然后初始化列队和回调对象就完事了，我们继续看sendMessage然后看消息的入队吧
public final boolean sendMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(@NonNull Message msg, long delayMillis) {
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(@NonNull Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
通过内部的重载方法，一直调用到sendMessageAtTime方法，在这里得到Handler内部的MessageQueue对象，然后调用了 enqueueMessage 方法准备入队
private boolean enqueueMessage(@NonNull MessageQueue queue, @NonNull Message msg,
long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
msg.workSourceUid = ThreadLocalWorkSource.getUid();
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
这里调用了MessageQueue的enqueueMessage方法真正入队，我们继续看一下
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
synchronized (this) {
//如果当前退出状态，则回收消息，并返回消息入队失败
if (mQuitting) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
}
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
//设置链表的头
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
//把msg放到链表最后
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}
通过这个方法，我们了解到MessageQueue是通过Message的单链结构存储的，然后每次入队的时候，都会
通过这个enqueueMessage方法向链表的最末尾添加数据。
最后我们聊一下Looper下的loop方法吧
接下来我们看一下
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
// Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g.
// adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start'
final int thresholdOverride =
SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper."
+ Process.myUid() + "."
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ".slow", 0);
boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;
for (;;) {
//queue的next会阻塞
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
// Make sure the observer won't change while processing a transaction.
final Observer observer = sObserver;
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
long slowDeliveryThresholdMs = me.mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs;
if (thresholdOverride > 0) {
slowDispatchThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
slowDeliveryThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
}
final boolean logSlowDelivery = (slowDeliveryThresholdMs > 0) && (msg.when > 0);
final boolean logSlowDispatch = (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0);
final boolean needStartTime = logSlowDelivery || logSlowDispatch;
final boolean needEndTime = logSlowDispatch;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long dispatchStart = needStartTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
final long dispatchEnd;
Object token = null;
if (observer != null) {
token = observer.messageDispatchStarting();
}
long origWorkSource = ThreadLocalWorkSource.setUid(msg.workSourceUid);
try {
//派发消息，执行回调handleMessage
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (observer != null) {
observer.messageDispatched(token, msg);
}
dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
} catch (Exception exception) {
if (observer != null) {
observer.dispatchingThrewException(token, msg, exception);
}
throw exception;
} finally {
ThreadLocalWorkSource.restore(origWorkSource);
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (logSlowDelivery) {
if (slowDeliveryDetected) {
if ((dispatchStart - msg.when) <= 10) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Drained");
slowDeliveryDetected = false;
}
} else {
if (showSlowLog(slowDeliveryThresholdMs, msg.when, dispatchStart, "delivery",
msg)) {
// Once we write a slow delivery log, suppress until the queue drains.
slowDeliveryDetected = true;
}
}
}
if (logSlowDispatch) {
showSlowLog(slowDispatchThresholdMs, dispatchStart, dispatchEnd, "dispatch", msg);
}
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
Looper内的loop方法别看这么多，大多数都是日志相关的处理。其实他就两件事
第一件事就是从列队中通过next取出Message对象
第二件事就是通过Message对象上绑定的target对象dispatchMessage方法，来分发消息
我们接下来看一下dispatchMessage方法，然后在看MessageQueue的next
public void dispatchMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
灰常简单，判断CallBack对象。然后调用handleMessage就完事了，我们的Activity就收到数据了。
接下来我们看看MessageQueue的next是怎么获取列队内的消息的把。
Message next() {
// Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
// This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
// which is not supported.
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
//没有消息的时候，或者有延迟消息的时候会进行睡眠
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
if (msg != null) {
//当前时间小于消息内记录的时间，然后计算一个睡眠时间，跳出循环执行睡眠
if (now < msg.when) {
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
msg.markInUse();
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
// If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
// Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
// in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
&& (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
// No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more.
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
// Run the idle handlers.
// We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
// so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}
首先MessageQueue的消息是用单链表的形式存储，然后next函数做的事情就是死循环获取消息，
在获取消息的时候判断一下消息是否符合执行时间，如果不符合执行时间，就进入睡眠状态等待消息。
如果符合执行时间就直接返回Message给Looper进行分发，如果Message链表都为空。则睡眠时间是-1
代表无休止的睡眠。在无休止睡眠的状态下，enqueueMessage的nativeWake方法，会进行一次唤醒，唤醒后next函数继续执行，判断返回消息给Looper执行消息分发