C/C++ qsort()快速排序用法

时间:2023-03-09 15:51:42
C/C++ qsort()快速排序用法
void qsort (void* base, size_t num, size_t size,
int (*compar)(const void*,const void*));
头文件stdlib.h

base
  Pointer to the first object of the array to be sorted, converted to a void*.
num
  Number of elements in the array pointed by base.
  size_t is an unsigned integral type.
size
  Size in bytes of each element in the array.
  size_t is an unsigned integral type.
compar
  Pointer to a function that compares two elements.
  This function is called repeatedly by qsort to compare two elements. It shall follow the following prototype:

  int compar (const void* p1, const void* p2);

Taking two pointers as arguments (both converted to const void*). The function defines the order of the elements by returning (in a stable and transitive manner):

类似这样:

int compareMyType (const void * a, const void * b)
{
if ( *(MyType*)a < *(MyType*)b ) return -;
if ( *(MyType*)a == *(MyType*)b ) return ;
if ( *(MyType*)a > *(MyType*)b ) return ;
}
/* qsort example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf */
#include <stdlib.h> /* qsort */ int values[] = { , , , , , }; int compare (const void * a, const void * b)
{
return ( *(int*)a - *(int*)b );
}
int main ()
{
int n;
qsort (values, , sizeof(int), compare);
for (n=; n<; n++)
printf ("%d ",values[n]);
return ;
}

<本文中排序都是采用的从小到大排序>

一、对int类型数组排序

int num[100];

Sample:

int cmp ( const void *a , const void *b ) 

return *(int *)a - *(int *)b; //强制转换类型
}

qsort(num,100,sizeof(num[0]),cmp);

二、对char类型数组排序(同int类型)

char word[100];

Sample:

int cmp( const void *a , const void *b ) 

return *(char *)a - *(char *)b; 
}

qsort(word,100,sizeof(word[0]),cmp);

三、对double类型数组排序(特别要注意)

double in[100];

int cmp( const void *a , const void *b ) 

return *(double *)a > *(double *)b ? 1 : -1; 
}

qsort(in,100,sizeof(in[0]),cmp) 

四、对结构体一级排序

struct In 

double data; 
int other; 
}s[100];

//按照data的值从小到大将结构体排序,关于结构体内的排序关键数据data的类型可以很多种,参考上面的例子写

int cmp( const void *a ,const void *b) 

return (*(In *)a).data > (*(In *)b).data ? 1 : -1; 
}

qsort(s,100,sizeof(s[0]),cmp);

五、对结构体二级排序

struct In 

int x; 
int y; 
}s[100];

//按照x从小到大排序,当x相等时按照y从大到小排序

int cmp( const void *a , const void *b ) 

struct In *c = (In *)a; 
struct In *d = (In *)b; 
if(c->x != d->x) return c->x - d->x; 
else return d->y - c->y; 
}

qsort(s,100,sizeof(s[0]),cmp);

六、对字符串进行排序

struct In 

int data; 
char str[100]; 
}s[100];

//按照结构体中字符串str的字典顺序排序

int cmp ( const void *a , const void *b ) 

return strcmp( (*(In *)a)->str , (*(In *)b)->str ); 
}

qsort(s,100,sizeof(s[0]),cmp);

七、计算几何中求凸包的cmp

int cmp(const void *a,const void *b) //重点cmp函数,把除了1点外的所有点,旋转角度排序 

struct point *c=(point *)a; 
struct point *d=(point *)b; 
if( calc(*c,*d,p[1]) < 0) return 1; 
else if( !calc(*c,*d,p[1]) && dis(c->x,c->y,p[1].x,p[1].y) < dis(d->x,d->y,p[1].x,p[1].y)) //
如果在一条直线上,则把远的放在前面 
return 1; 
else return -1; 
}

PS:

其中的qsort函数包含在<stdlib.h>的头文件里,strcmp包含在<string.h>的头文件里

转自:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdlib/qsort/

或者可以参考msdn例子;http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zes7xw0h.aspx