Linux下安装Python3.6和第三方库

如果本机安装了python2，尽量不要管他，使用python3运行python脚本就好，因为可能有程序依赖目前的python2环境，

比如yum！！！！！

不要动现有的python2环境！

一、安装python3.6

1. 安装依赖环境

# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

2.下载Python3
　　https://www.python.org/downloads/

各版本链接：

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz

3.安装python3

　　我个人习惯安装在/usr/local/python3（具体安装位置看个人喜好）
　　创建目录：

mkdir -p /usr/local/python3

　　解压下载好的Python-3.x.x.tgz包(具体包名因你下载的Python具体版本不不同⽽而不不同，如：我下载的是Python3.6.1.那我这里就是Python-3.6.1.tgz)

tar -zxvf Python-3.6..tgz

4.进入解压后的目录，编译安装

# cd Python-3.6.

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3

　　make

# make

　　make install

make install    或者 make && make install

5.建立python3的软链

# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

6.并将/usr/local/python3/bin加入PATH

# vim ~/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin

export PATH

　　按ESC，输入:wq回车退出。

　　修改完记得执行行下面的命令，让上一步的修改生效：

# source ~/.bash_profile

　　检查Python3及pip3是否正常可用：

# python3 -V

Python 3.6.

# pip3 -V

pip 9.0. from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3./site-packages (python 3.6)

7.不行的话在创建一下pip3的软链接(我也不清楚这一步有什么用)

# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

二、安装pip以及setuptools

　　毕竟丰富的第三方库是python的优势所在，为了更加方便的安装第三方库，使用pip命令，我们需要进行相应的安装。

1、安装pip前需要前置安装setuptools

命令如下：

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz#md5=c607dd118eae682c44ed146367a17e26

tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz

cd setuptools-19.6

python3 setup.py build

python3 setup.py install

如果前面没布置好环境的话，就要苦逼一下了：

　　报错： RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module

　　我们需要在linux中安装zlib-devel包，进行支持。

　　yum install zlib-devel

　　需要对python3.5进行重新编译安装。

　　cd python3.6.1

　　make && make install

　　又是漫长的编译安装过程。

　　重新安装setuptools

　　python3 setup.py build

　　python3 setup.py install

2、安装pip

命令如下：

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.2.tar.gz#md5=3a73c4188f8dbad6a1e6f6d44d117eeb

tar -zxvf pip-8.0.2.tar.gz

cd pip-8.0.2

python3 setup.py build

python3 setup.py install

如果没有意外的话，pip安装完成。

如果没有搞好环境的话，会碰见亲切的报错：

　　pip3 install paramiko

　　报这个错

　　pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

　　然后开始进行如下操作

　　yum install openssl
　　yum install openssl-devel
　　cd python3.6.1
　　make && make install

坑

1、pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL问题

python3.7安装，解决pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL问题
1.安装相关依赖

yum install gcc libffi-devel zlib* openssl-devel
# libffi-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make

2.下载并解压
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
# 下载
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
# 解压并编译：
tar -xvJf Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
cd Python-3.7.1

3.编译安装
./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
# 编译完成后，创建软链接文件到执行文件路径：
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
# 我们可以清除之前编译的可执行文件及配置文件 && 清除所有生成的文件：
make clean && make distclean

bug: 使用pip 命令失败
2.1 错误信息
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting virtualenv
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/virtualenv/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/virtualenv/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement virtualenv (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for virtualenv
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

2.2 原因
系统版本centos6.5，其中openssl的版本为OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013,而python3.7需要的openssl的版本为1.0.2或者1.1.x,需要对openssl进行升级，并重新编译python3.7.0。yum 安装的openssl 版本都比较低。

2.3 升级openssl
# 1.下贼openssl
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1a
# 2.编译安装
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl no-zlib #不需要zlib
make
make install
# 3.备份原配置
mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
mv /usr/include/openssl/ /usr/include/openssl.bak
# 4.新版配置
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/local/lib64/libssl.so
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
# 5.修改系统配置
## 写入openssl库文件的搜索路径
echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
## 使修改后的/etc/ld.so.conf生效
ldconfig -v
# 6.查看openssl版本
openssl version

openssl version 提示：

/usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

假如你的libssl.so.1.1 文件在/usr/local/openssl/lib/下面，可以这样做

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.1

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libcrypto.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.1.1

3.3 重新安装python
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl
make
make install

2、pip 安装模块的过程慢，更换镜像源

在用户文件夹下新建.pip3 文件夹及 pip3.conf 文件，写入

[global]

index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

[install]

trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

有多个 pip 的需要修改对应 pip 名称

写入文件后可输入以下指令查看是否写入成功

more ~/.pip3/pip3.conf

成功后下载包会提示

Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

国内镜像汇总：

http://pypi.douban.com/         豆瓣

http://pypi.hustunique.com/         华中理工大学

http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/         山东理工大学

http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/         中国科学技术大学

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/         阿里云

https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/         清华大学

windows下同理

Pycharm 远程连接 Linux 进行开发

看到这里，你可能会问用 git 版本控制不香么，为啥还要这样？因为公司已有的 gitlab 已经有了，再配置一个 github 艰难了……所以找替代方案。