[iOS微博项目 - 1.0] - 搭建基本框架

A.搭建基本环境

github: https://github.com/hellovoidworld/HVWWeibo

项目结构:

1.使用代码构建UI，不使用storyboard

AppDelegate:

 - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
     // Override point for customization after application launch.

     // 启动后显示状态栏
     UIApplication *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
     app.statusBarHidden = NO;

     // 设置window
     self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] init];
     self.window.frame = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds;

     [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];

     return YES;
 }

2.使用LaunchImage作为启动图，不使用xib

3.配置图标AppIcon

不使用系统渲染图标

4.设置屏幕方向-->只有竖向

5.启动时隐藏状态栏

B.项目分层 & 创建PCH

1.项目分层

为了让在Finder中显示跟Xcode中显示都是分层效果，首先在Finder中建文件目录层次

再把文件目录拖入Xcode

2.创建并配置一个pch文件，来用声明全局公共宏命令

配置：

C.添加子控制器

1.为每个Tab创建一个集成UITableViewController的类

分别是：首页、信息、发现、我

2.创建一个集成UITabBarController的类作为window的rootViewController

AppDelegate:

 - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
     // Override point for customization after application launch.

     // 启动后显示状态栏
     UIApplication *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
     app.statusBarHidden = NO;

     // 设置window
     self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] init];
     self.window.frame = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds;

     // 创建根控制器
     HVWTabBarViewController *tabVC = [[HVWTabBarViewController alloc] init];
     self.window.rootViewController = tabVC;

     [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];

     return YES;
 }

3.在上述的TabBarController中创建并添加子控件

HVWTabBarViewController.m :

 - (void)viewDidLoad {
     [super viewDidLoad];
     // Do any additional setup after loading the view.

     // 添加子控制器
     // 首页
     HVWHomeViewController *homeVC = [[HVWHomeViewController alloc] init];
     homeVC.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
     homeVC.title = @"首页";
     [self addChildViewController:homeVC];

     // 消息
     HVWMessageViewController *messageVC = [[HVWMessageViewController alloc] init];
     messageVC.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
     messageVC.title = @"消息";
     [self addChildViewController:messageVC];

     // 发现
     HVWDiscoverViewController *discoverVC = [[HVWDiscoverViewController alloc] init];
     discoverVC.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
     discoverVC.title = @"发现";
     [self addChildViewController:discoverVC];

     // 我
     HVWProfileViewController *profileVC = [[HVWProfileViewController alloc] init];
     profileVC.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
     profileVC.title = @"我";
     [self addChildViewController:profileVC];
 }

4.为tab添加图片

1.需求：要区分iOS7之前及之后的系统，使用不同的图片

这里创建一个UIImage的分类，新写一个加载图片的的方法，用来自动检测系统版本并加载不同的图片

（1）iOS6使用普通图片, iOS7及以上系统版本使用的是带有"_os7"结尾的图片

（2）添加一条用来判别系统版本的宏

HVWWeibo-Prefix.pch:

 #ifndef HVWWeibo_HVWWeibo_Prefix_pch
 #define HVWWeibo_HVWWeibo_Prefix_pch

 // Include any system framework and library headers here that should be included in all compilation units.
 // You will also need to set the Prefix Header build setting of one or more of your targets to reference this file.

 // 判别是否iOS7或以上版本系统
 #define iOS7 ([UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion.doubleValue >= 7.0)

 #endif

（3）创建UIImage+Extension分类

UIImage+Extension.m:

 #import "UIImage+Extension.h"

 @implementation UIImage (Extension)

 + (UIImage *) imageWithNamed:(NSString *) imageName {
     UIImage *image = nil;

     // 如果是iOS7或以上版本
     if (iOS7) {
         image = [UIImage imageNamed:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@_os7", imageName]];
     }

     // 如果是iOS6
     if (nil == image) {
         image = [UIImage imageNamed:imageName];
     }

     return image;
 }

 @end

（4）添加tab图标

封装一下创建子控制器的代码

HVWTabBarViewController.m:

 #import "HVWTabBarViewController.h"
 #import "HVWHomeViewController.h"
 #import "HVWMessageViewController.h"
 #import "HVWDiscoverViewController.h"
 #import "HVWProfileViewController.h"
 #import "UIImage+Extension.h"

 @interface HVWTabBarViewController ()

 @end

 @implementation HVWTabBarViewController

 - (void)viewDidLoad {
     [super viewDidLoad];
     // Do any additional setup after loading the view.

     // 添加子控制器
     // 首页
     HVWHomeViewController *homeVC = [[HVWHomeViewController alloc] init];
     [self addChildViewController:homeVC WithTitle:@"首页" image:@"tabbar_home" seletectedImage:@"tabbar_home_selected"];

     // 消息
     HVWMessageViewController *messageVC = [[HVWMessageViewController alloc] init];
     [self addChildViewController:messageVC WithTitle:@"消息" image:@"tabbar_message_center" seletectedImage:@"tabbar_message_center_selected"];

     // 发现
     HVWDiscoverViewController *discoverVC = [[HVWDiscoverViewController alloc] init];
     [self addChildViewController:discoverVC WithTitle:@"发现" image:@"tabbar_discover" seletectedImage:@"tabbar_discover_selected"];

     // 我
     HVWProfileViewController *profileVC = [[HVWProfileViewController alloc] init];
     [self addChildViewController:profileVC WithTitle:@"我" image:@"tabbar_profile" seletectedImage:@"tabbar_profile_selected"];

 }

 /** 添加tab子控制器 */
 - (void) addChildViewController:(UIViewController *) viewController WithTitle:(NSString *) title image:(NSString *) imageName seletectedImage:(NSString *) selectedImageName {

     // 设置随机背景色
     viewController.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:arc4random_uniform()/255.0 green:arc4random_uniform()/255.0  blue:arc4random_uniform()/255.0  alpha:1.0];

     // 设置标题
     viewController.title = title;
     // 设置图标
     viewController.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage imageWithNamed:imageName];

     // 被选中时图标
     UIImage *selectedImage = [UIImage imageWithNamed:selectedImageName];
     // 如果是iOS7，不要渲染被选中的tab图标（iOS7中会自动渲染成为蓝色）
     if (iOS7) {
         selectedImage = [selectedImage imageWithRenderingMode:UIImageRenderingModeAlwaysOriginal];
     }
     viewController.tabBarItem.selectedImage = selectedImage;

     // 添加子控制器
     [self addChildViewController:viewController];
 }

 @end

D.添加导航控制器

1.只是在每个tab的controller上包装了一个UINavigationController

HVWTabBarViewController.m:

 /** 添加tab子控制器 */
 - (void) addChildViewController:(UIViewController *) viewController WithTitle:(NSString *) title image:(NSString *) imageName seletectedImage:(NSString *) selectedImageName {

     // 设置随机背景色
     viewController.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:arc4random_uniform()/255.0 green:arc4random_uniform()/255.0  blue:arc4random_uniform()/255.0  alpha:1.0];

     // 设置标题，直接设置title可以同时设置tabBarItem和navigationItem的title
 //    viewController.tabBarItem.title = title;
 //    viewController.navigationItem.title = title;
     viewController.title = title;

     // 设置图标
     viewController.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage imageWithNamed:imageName];

     // 被选中时图标
     UIImage *selectedImage = [UIImage imageWithNamed:selectedImageName];
     // 如果是iOS7，不要渲染被选中的tab图标（iOS7中会自动渲染成为蓝色）
     if (iOS7) {
         selectedImage = [selectedImage imageWithRenderingMode:UIImageRenderingModeAlwaysOriginal];
     }
     viewController.tabBarItem.selectedImage = selectedImage;

     // 添加子控制器
     UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:viewController];
     [self addChildViewController:nav];
 }

2.进入非NavigationController的rootViewController的时候，隐藏底部的TabBar

自定义一个集成UINavigationController的类，代替原来的原生类

重写pushViewController方法，当push的时候隐藏TabBar

#mark：此方法可以作用与所有的非rootViewController，非常好用

HVWNavigationViewController.m:

 #import "HVWNavigationViewController.h"

 @interface HVWNavigationViewController ()

 @end

 @implementation HVWNavigationViewController

 - (void)viewDidLoad {
     [super viewDidLoad];
     // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
 }

 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
     [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
     // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
 }

 /** 重写push方法 */
 - (void)pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated {
     // 如果不是根控制器，隐藏TabBar
     if (self.viewControllers.count > ) {
         // 注意这里不是self（navigationController），是push出来的ViewContoller隐藏TabBar
         viewController.hidesBottomBarWhenPushed = YES;
     }

     // 最后一定要调用父类的方法
     [super pushViewController:viewController animated:animated];
 }

 @end

E.添加导航栏按钮

需要给各个Tab还有其下的页面添加导航栏按钮

1.在pch文件添加一个随机颜色宏定义和一个debug模式下的log函数

 //  HVWWeibo-Prefix.pch
 #ifndef HVWWeibo_HVWWeibo_Prefix_pch
 #define HVWWeibo_HVWWeibo_Prefix_pch

 // Include any system framework and library headers here that should be included in all compilation units.
 // You will also need to set the Prefix Header build setting of one or more of your targets to reference this file.

 #ifdef __OBJC__
     #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
     #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
     #import "UIImage+Extension.h"
 #endif

 // 测试用log
 #ifdef DEBUG
     #define HVWLog(...) NSLog(__VA_ARGS__)
 #else
     #define HVWLog(...)
 #endif

 // 判别是否iOS7或以上版本系统
 #define iOS7 ([UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion.doubleValue >= 7.0)

 // 随机颜色
 #define RandomColor [UIColor colorWithRed:arc4random_uniform(256)/255.0 green:arc4random_uniform(256)/255.0  blue:arc4random_uniform(256)/255.0  alpha:1.0]

 #endif

使用宏定义的log函数，只有在debug模式下才会转化成为NSLog，release的时候会转为空

 /** 寻找朋友按钮事件 */
 - (void) searchFriend {
     HVWLog(@"searchFriend");
 }

这里可以修改运行模式：

2.创建一个集成UIBarButtonItem的分类，用来创建使用UIButton作为按钮图标的item

 //
 //  UIBarButtonItem+Extension.m
 //  HVWWeibo
 //
 //  Created by hellovoidworld on 15/1/31.
 //  Copyright (c) 2015年 hellovoidworld. All rights reserved.
 //

 #import "UIBarButtonItem+Extension.h"

 @implementation UIBarButtonItem (Extension)

 + (instancetype) itemWithImage:(NSString *) imageName hightlightedImage:(NSString *) highlightedImageName target:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector {
      UIBarButtonItem *item = [[self alloc] init];

     // 创建按钮
     UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
     UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:imageName];
     [button setImage:image forState:UIControlStateNormal];
     [button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:highlightedImageName] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];

     // 一定要设置frame，才能显示
     button.frame = CGRectMake(, , image.size.width, image.size.height);

     // 设置事件
     [button addTarget:target action:selector forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

     item.customView = button;
     return item;
 }

 @end

3.sample：在“首页”页面加上导航栏按钮

 //  HVWHomeViewController.m
 - (void)viewDidLoad {
     [super viewDidLoad];

     // 添加导航控制器按钮
     // 左边按钮
     self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [HVWBarButtonItem itemWithImage:@"navigationbar_friendsearch" hightlightedImage:@"navigationbar_friendsearch_highlighted" target:self selector:@selector(searchFriend)];

     // 右边按钮
     self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [HVWBarButtonItem itemWithImage:@"navigationbar_pop" hightlightedImage:@"navigationbar_pop_highlighted" target:self selector:@selector(pop)];
 }

 /** 左边导航栏按钮事件 */
 - (void) searchFriend {
     HVWLog(@"searchFriend");
 }

 /** 右边导航栏按钮事件 */
 - (void) pop {
     HVWLog(@"pop");
 }

4.给所有非rootViewController加上“返回”按钮和“直接回到rootViewController”按钮

在HVWNavigationViewController的push方法中实现

#mark：由于是在NavigationController中实现，可以一举实现在所有非rootViewController中的效果。

 //  HVWNavigationViewController.m
 /** 重写push方法 */
 - (void)pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated {
     // 如果不是根控制器，隐藏TabBar
     if (self.viewControllers.count > ) {
         // 注意这里不是self（navigationController），是push出来的ViewContoller隐藏TabBar
         viewController.hidesBottomBarWhenPushed = YES;

         // 加上“返回上一层”按钮和“直接回到根控制器”按钮
         viewController.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [UIBarButtonItem itemWithImage:@"navigationbar_back" hightlightedImage:@"navigationbar_back_highlighted" target:self selector:@selector(back)];

         viewController.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [UIBarButtonItem itemWithImage:@"navigationbar_more" hightlightedImage:@"navigationbar_more_highlighted" target:self selector:@selector(more)];
     }

     // 最后一定要调用父类的方法
     [super pushViewController:viewController animated:animated];
 }

 /** 返回上一层 */
 - (void) back {
     [self popViewControllerAnimated:YES];
 }

 /** 返回根控制器 */
 - (void) more {
     [self popToRootViewControllerAnimated:YES];
 }