对于CDB，启动和关闭与之前传统的方式一样，具体语法如下：
STARTUP[NOMOUNT | MOUNT | RESTRICT | UPGRADE | FORCE | READ ONLY]
SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE | ABORT]
手动创建CDB
1. 修改~/.bash_profile文件，修改ORACLE_SID名称
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
2. 创建所需要目录
$ mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
$ mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed
$ mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
$ mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
3.创建初始化配置文件
$ vim $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcdb.ora db_name='orcl'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
#audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_file_dest='/data/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/data/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/data/app/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orcl)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = (/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ora_control01.ctl, /data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ora_control02.ctl)
compatible ='12.2.0'
enable_pluggable_database=true
4.开始创建库
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown abort
SQL> create spfile from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcdb.ora';
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> CREATE DATABASE orcl
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY pass
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY pass
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log','/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 ('/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log','/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 1024
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 700M
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 550M
DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs
DATAFILE '/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/deftbs01.dbf' SIZE 500M
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M
ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
SEED
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/',
'/data/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/')
SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
DATAFILE '/data/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M;
填充数据字典，如果是12cR2版本，则直接执行catcdb.sql代替以下脚本
使用sysdba权限执行以下脚本SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql --数据库字典，动态视图创建等
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql --PL/SQL存过过程相关代码
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql --编译
使用SYSTEM用户执行以下脚本
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql #SQL*Plus相关
12CR2
注：这个过程可能比较漫长
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catcdb.sql
会提示输入以下信息
Enter value for 1: /data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin
Enter value for 2: /data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catcdb.pl
如果出现以下报错
1）错误-1
Can't locate util.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin /usr/local/lib64/perl5
/usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at
/data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catcdb.pl line 35.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catcdb.pl line 35.
解决方法：
$ find $ORACLE_HOME -name util.pm | wc -l
0
$ find $ORACLE_HOME -name Util.pm | wc -l
5
$ find $ORACLE_HOME -name Util.pm
/data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Hash/Util.pm
/data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/List/Util.pm
/data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Scalar/Util.pm
/data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Sub/Util.pm
/data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/perl/lib/site_perl/5.22.0/HTTP/Headers/Util.pm
手工修改catcdb.pl脚本
use Util qw(trim, splitToArray); //util改为Util
再来一轮测试，结果发现还是会有报错，这种尝试会让你开始怀疑自己的选择到底是不是正确的方向。
如果还是没有找到，说明在当前的环境变量中没有匹配到相关的内容，我们需要直接切换到目录Hash下，然后运行脚本才可以，这个时候又出现一个错误
2）错误-2
Can'tlocate Term/ReadKey.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin
/usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl
/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at
/data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catcdb.pl line 30.
BEGINfailed--compilation aborted at
/data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catcdb.pl line 30.
声明环境变量
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
验证结果
SQL> SELECT name,
DECODE (cdb,
'YES', 'Multitenant Option enabled',
'Regular 12c Database: ')
"Multitenant Option",
open_mode,
con_id
FROM v$database;
创建PDB
1.查看当前容器
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
2. 创建一个新的PDB
$ mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/oradata/pdb1 SQL> create pluggable database pdb1 admin
user pdb1 identified by pdb1
file_name_convert=('/data/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/',
'/data/app/oracle/oradata/pdb1/');
3. 查看所有PDB
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB1 MOUNTED
4. 删除一个pdb
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 close;
SQL> DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 INCLUDING DATAFILES;
5. 启动和关闭一个创建好的PDB
1）启动pdb和关闭pdb
a) 启动pdb
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb1 open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO
b)关闭pdb
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb1 close;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB1 MOUNTED
2）通过sqlplus使用传统的startup和shutdown命令来启动和关闭PDB
a) 启动pdb
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
3 PDB1 MOUNTED
SQL> startup
Pluggable Database opened.
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO
b) 关闭pdb
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Pluggable Database closed.
SQL> show pdbs; CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
3 PDB1 MOUNTED
6. 配置监听
$ vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora //如果此文件不存在，手动创建 LISTENER_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DB)(PORT = 1521)) pdb1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DB)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)
)
)
7. 测试与登陆
$ tnsping pdb1 //测试登陆
$ sqlplus pdb1/pdb1@pdb1 //登陆
数据泵导入导出PDB数据
以pdb1数据库为例
1. 启动pdb1数据库
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
SQL> startup
2. 创建导入数据目录和数据库映射关系
$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/dump_dir
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
SQL> create directory dump_dir as '/home/oracle/dump_dir';
3. 创建一个dba权限的数据泵导入导出用户
SQL> grant dba to dp identified by dp;
SQL> grant read,write on directory dump_dir to dp;
4. 创建表空间
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE "PDB1" DATAFILE
'/data/app/oracle/oradata/pdb1/pdb101.dbf' SIZE 128M AUTOEXTEND
ON NEXT 128M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
5. 导出数据
$ expdp dp/dp@pdb1 directory="dump_dir" dumpfile="aa.dmp" logfile=aa.log
6. 导入数据
$ impdp dp/dp@pdb1 directory="dump_dir" dumpfile="aa.dmp" logfile=bb.log