史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

时间:2021-07-14 16:13:08

一、springmvc基础入门,创建一个helloworld程序

  1.首先,导入springmvc需要的jar包。

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

  2.添加web.xml配置文件中关于springmvc的配置

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<!--configure the setting of springmvcdispatcherservlet and configure the mapping-->
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet</servlet-class>
  <init-param>
     <param-name>contextconfiglocation</param-name>
     <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</servlet>
 
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

  3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">         
 
  <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc"/>
 
  <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
  <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
 
  <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
  <mvc:annotation-driven />
  
  <!-- configure the internalresourceviewresolver -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.internalresourceviewresolver"
      id="internalresourceviewresolver">
    <!-- 前缀 -->
    <property name="prefix" value="/web-inf/jsp/" />
    <!-- 后缀 -->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
  </bean>
</beans>

  4.在web-inf文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“hello world”。

  5.建立包及controller,如下所示

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

  6.编写controller代码

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@controller
@requestmapping("/mvc")
public class mvccontroller {
 
  @requestmapping("/hello")
  public string hello(){   
    return "hello";
  }
}

  7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

 二、配置解析

  1.dispatcherservlet

  dispatcherservlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标controller来处理,是配置spring mvc的第一步。

  2.internalresourceviewresolver

  视图名称解析器

  3.以上出现的注解

  @controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @requestmapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 url 请求

 三、springmvc常用注解

  @controller

  负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @requestmapping

  注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 url 请求

  @requestbody

  该注解用于读取request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的httpmessageconverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把httpmessageconverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

  @responsebody

  该注解用于将controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的httpmessageconverter转换为指定格式后,写入到response对象的body数据区

  @modelattribute    

  在方法定义上使用 @modelattribute 注解:spring mvc 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@modelattribute 的方法

  在方法的入参前使用 @modelattribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中 

  @requestparam 

  在处理方法入参处使用 @requestparam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

  @pathvariable

  绑定 url 占位符到入参

  @exceptionhandler

  注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法

  @controlleradvice

  使一个contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@exceptionhandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有controller发生的异常

 四、自动匹配参数

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//match automatically
@requestmapping("/person")
public string toperson(string name,double age){
  system.out.println(name+" "+age);
  return "hello";
}

 五、自动装箱

  1.编写一个person实体类

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package test.springmvc.model;
 
public class person {
  public string getname() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setname(string name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public int getage() {
    return age;
  }
  public void setage(int age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
  private string name;
  private int age;
  
}

  2.在controller里编写方法

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//boxing automatically
@requestmapping("/person1")
public string toperson(person p){
  system.out.println(p.getname()+" "+p.getage());
  return "hello";
}

 六、使用initbinder来处理date类型的参数

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//the parameter was converted in initbinder
@requestmapping("/date")
public string date(date date){
  system.out.println(date);
  return "hello";
}
 
//at the time of initialization,convert the type "string" to type "date"
@initbinder
public void initbinder(servletrequestdatabinder binder){
  binder.registercustomeditor(date.class, new customdateeditor(new simpledateformat("yyyy-mm-dd"),
      true));
}

 七、向前台传递参数

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//pass the parameters to front-end
@requestmapping("/show")
public string showperson(map<string,object> map){
  person p =new person();
  map.put("p", p);
  p.setage(20);
  p.setname("jayjay");
  return "show";
}

  前台可在request域中取到"p"

 八、使用ajax调用

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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
@requestmapping("/getperson")
public void getperson(string name,printwriter pw){
  pw.write("hello,"+name);   
}
@requestmapping("/name")
public string sayhello(){
  return "name";
}

  前台用下面的jquery代码调用

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$(function(){
  $("#btn").click(function(){
   $.post("mvc/getperson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
      alert(data);
    });
  });
});

 九、在controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

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//redirect
@requestmapping("/redirect")
public string redirect(){
  return "redirect:hello";
}

 十、文件上传

  1.需要导入两个jar包

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

  2.在springmvc配置文件中加入

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<!-- upload settings -->
<bean id="multipartresolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.commonsmultipartresolver">
  <property name="maxuploadsize" value="102400000"></property>
</bean>

  3.方法代码

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@requestmapping(value="/upload",method=requestmethod.post)
public string upload(httpservletrequest req) throws exception{
  multiparthttpservletrequest mreq = (multiparthttpservletrequest)req;
  multipartfile file = mreq.getfile("file");
  string filename = file.getoriginalfilename();
  simpledateformat sdf = new simpledateformat("yyyymmddhhmmss");   
  fileoutputstream fos = new fileoutputstream(req.getsession().getservletcontext().getrealpath("/")+
      "upload/"+sdf.format(new date())+filename.substring(filename.lastindexof('.')));
  fos.write(file.getbytes());
  fos.flush();
  fos.close();
  
  return "hello";
}

  4.前台form表单

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<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  <input type="file" name="file"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>

 十一、使用@requestparam注解指定参数的name

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@controller
@requestmapping("/test")
public class mvccontroller1 {
  @requestmapping(value="/param")
  public string testrequestparam(@requestparam(value="id") integer id,
      @requestparam(value="name")string name){
    system.out.println(id+" "+name);
    return "/hello";
  
}

 十二、restful风格的sringmvc

  1.restcontroller

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@controller
@requestmapping("/rest")
public class restcontroller {
  @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.get)
  public string get(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
    system.out.println("get"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.post)
  public string post(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
    system.out.println("post"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.put)
  public string put(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
    system.out.println("put"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.delete)
  public string delete(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
    system.out.println("delete"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
}

  2.form表单发送put和delete请求

  在web.xml中配置

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<!-- configure the hiddenhttpmethodfilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
<filter>
  <filter-name>hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

  在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

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<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
  <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
  <input type="submit" value="put">
</form>
 
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
  <input type="submit" value="post">
</form>
 
<form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
  <input type="submit" value="get">
</form>
 
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
  <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
  <input type="submit" value="delete">
</form>

 十三、返回json格式的字符串

  1.导入以下jar包

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

  2.方法代码

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@controller
@requestmapping("/json")
public class jsoncontroller {
  
  @responsebody
  @requestmapping("/user")
  public user get(){
    user u = new user();
    u.setid(1);
    u.setname("jayjay");
    u.setbirth(new date());
    return u;
  }
}

 十四、异常的处理

  1.处理局部异常(controller内)

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@exceptionhandler
public modelandview exceptionhandler(exception ex){
  modelandview mv = new modelandview("error");
  mv.addobject("exception", ex);
  system.out.println("in testexceptionhandler");
  return mv;
}
 
@requestmapping("/error")
public string error(){
  int i = 5/0;
  return "hello";
}

  2.处理全局异常(所有controller)

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@controlleradvice
public class testcontrolleradvice {
  @exceptionhandler
  public modelandview exceptionhandler(exception ex){
    modelandview mv = new modelandview("error");
    mv.addobject("exception", ex);
    system.out.println("in testcontrolleradvice");
    return mv;
  }
}

  3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

  在springmvc配置文件中配置

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<!-- configure simplemappingexceptionresolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.simplemappingexceptionresolver">
  <property name="exceptionmappings">
    <props>
      <prop key="java.lang.arithmeticexception">error</prop>
    </props>
  </property>
</bean>

  error是出错页面

 十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

  1.创建一个myinterceptor类,并实现handlerinterceptor接口

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public class myinterceptor implements handlerinterceptor {
 
  @override
  public void aftercompletion(httpservletrequest arg0,
      httpservletresponse arg1, object arg2, exception arg3)
      throws exception {
    system.out.println("aftercompletion");
  }
 
  @override
  public void posthandle(httpservletrequest arg0, httpservletresponse arg1,
      object arg2, modelandview arg3) throws exception {
    system.out.println("posthandle");
  }
 
  @override
  public boolean prehandle(httpservletrequest arg0, httpservletresponse arg1,
      object arg2) throws exception {
    system.out.println("prehandle");
    return true;
  }
 
}

  2.在springmvc的配置文件中配置

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<!-- interceptor setting -->
<mvc:interceptors>
  <mvc:interceptor>
    <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
    <bean class="test.springmvc.interceptor.myinterceptor"></bean>gt;
  </mvc:interceptor>   
</mvc:interceptors>

  3.拦截器执行顺序

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

 十六、表单的验证(使用hibernate-validate)及国际化

  1.导入hibernate-validate需要的jar包

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

(未选中不用导入)

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

  2.编写实体类user并加上验证注解

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public class user {
  public int getid() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setid(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public string getname() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setname(string name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public date getbirth() {
    return birth;
  }
  public void setbirth(date birth) {
    this.birth = birth;
  }
  @override
  public string tostring() {
    return "user [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  
  private int id;
  @notempty
  private string name;
 
  @past
  @datetimeformat(pattern="yyyy-mm-dd")
  private date birth;
}

  ps:@past表示时间必须是一个过去值

  3.在jsp中使用springmvc的form表单

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<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelattribute="user">
  id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
  name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
  birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
  <input type="submit" value="submit">
</form:form>

  ps:path对应name

  4.controller中代码

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@controller
@requestmapping("/form")
public class formcontroller {
  @requestmapping(value="/add",method=requestmethod.post) 
  public string add(@valid user u,bindingresult br){
    if(br.geterrorcount()>0){     
      return "adduser";
    }
    return "showuser";
  }
  
  @requestmapping(value="/add",method=requestmethod.get)
  public string add(map<string,object> map){
    map.put("user",new user());
    return "adduser";
  }
}

  ps:

  1.因为jsp中使用了modelattribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

  2.@valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

  3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显

  5.错误信息自定义

  在src目录下添加locale.properties

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notempty.user.name=name can't not be empty
past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
datetimeformat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typemismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typemismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

  在springmvc配置文件中配置

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<!-- configure the locale resource -->
<bean id="messagesource" class="org.springframework.context.support.resourcebundlemessagesource">
  <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
</bean>

  6.国际化显示

  在src下添加locale_zh_cn.properties

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username=账号
password=密码

  locale.properties中添加

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username=user name
password=password

  创建一个locale.jsp

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<body>
 <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
 <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
</body>

  在springmvc中配置

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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

  让locale.jsp在web-inf下也能直接访问

  最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

 十七、压轴大戏--整合springioc和springmvc

  1.创建一个test.springmvc.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

  2.user实体类

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public class user {
  public int getid() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setid(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public string getname() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setname(string name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public date getbirth() {
    return birth;
  }
  public void setbirth(date birth) {
    this.birth = birth;
  }
  @override
  public string tostring() {
    return "user [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  
  private int id;
  @notempty
  private string name;
 
  @past
  @datetimeformat(pattern="yyyy-mm-dd")
  private date birth;
}

  3.userservice类

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@component
public class userservice {
  public userservice(){
    system.out.println("userservice constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
  }
  
  public void save(){
    system.out.println("save");
  }
}

  4.usercontroller

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@controller
@requestmapping("/integrate")
public class usercontroller {
  @autowired
  private userservice userservice;
  
  @requestmapping("/user")
  public string saveuser(@requestbody @modelattribute user u){
    system.out.println(u);
    userservice.save();
    return "hello";
  }
}

  5.spring配置文件

  在src目录下创建springioc的配置文件applicationcontext.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
  xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    "
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    >
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc.integrate">
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
      expression="org.springframework.stereotype.controller"/>
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
      expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice"/>   
  </context:component-scan>
  
</beans>

  在web.xml中添加配置

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<!-- configure the springioc -->
<listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.contextloaderlistener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
 <param-name>contextconfiglocation</param-name>
 <param-value>classpath:applicationcontext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

  6.在springmvc中进行一些配置,防止springmvc和springioc对同一个对象的管理重合

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<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc.integrate">
    <context:include-filter type="annotation"
      expression="org.springframework.stereotype.controller"/>
    <context:include-filter type="annotation"
      expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice"/>
  </context:component-scan>

 十八、springmvc详细运行流程图

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

 十九、springmvc与struts2的区别

  1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

  2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。

  3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。