Emacs Python解释器没有正确设置

Fresh install of Linux Mint 18.3 Cinnamon.

新安装的Linux Mint 18.3肉桂。

Also a fresh install of Gnu Emacs 24.5.1

还有一个全新的Gnu Emacs 24.5.1版本。

Also a fresh install of Anaconda3:

还有一种新安装的水蟒:

 ~ $ conda -version
usage: conda [-h] [-V] command ...
conda: error: the following arguments are required: command
 ~ $ conda -V
conda 4.4.10
 ~ $ python -V
Python 3.6.4 :: Anaconda, Inc.
 ~ $ anaconda -V
anaconda Command line client (version 1.6.9

Emacs has python-mode, python, and elpy installed, python code executed via ctrl+Enter is run with the executable in /usr/bin/python which is hopelessly out of date...2.7.2

Emacs已经安装了python模式、python和elpy，通过ctrl+Enter执行的python代码与/usr/bin/python中的可执行文件一起运行，这是无可救药的过时了……2.7.2

Executing python on the command line

在命令行上执行python

 ~ $ which python
/home/user/anaconda3/bin/python
 ~ $ python
Python 3.6.4 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Jan 16 2018, 18:10:19)

Also, M-x elpy-config yields an error: neither easy install nor pip can be found very strange, given pip was installed with anaconda3

另外，M-x elpy-config会产生一个错误:由于pip安装了anaconda3，因此既不容易安装也不容易发现pip非常奇怪

I don't know how to find what command elpy is using to run python or why elpy-config won't work, I assume that somewhere, it is hardcoded to the /usr/bin directory to look for all of the above executables, but no place I look indicates this.

我不知道如何查找elpy用于运行python的命令，也不知道为什么elpy-config不能工作，我假设在某个地方，它被硬编码到/usr/bin目录，以查找上面所有的可执行文件，但是我找不到任何地方表明这一点。

2 个解决方案

#1

This is what I suspect happened.

这就是我猜想发生的事情。

When you configure $PATH, there are a few different ways to do it. One of the most common ways to do it is by adding it to your .bashrc (or .zshrc, .profile, whatever) file in your home directory. However, when you do this, this does not actually set $PATH anywhere else... only for the shell itself, and for programs runn from the shell.

当您配置$PATH时，有几种不同的方法。最常见的一种方法是将它添加到主目录中的.bashrc(或.zshrc、.profile)文件中。但是，当您这样做的时候，它实际上并没有在其他地方设置$PATH…只适用于外壳本身，以及从外壳中运行的程序。

You can still launch programs from your window manager (e.g. Gnome, Cinnamon, KDE), and these programs will inherit $PATH not from your shell, but from your X login session.

您仍然可以从窗口管理器(例如Gnome、肉桂、KDE)启动程序，这些程序将从您的shell继承$PATH，而不是从您的X登录会话继承。

So after updating $PATH in .bashrc, Emacs will not see that path because it's not being launched from Bash.

因此，在.bashrc中更新$PATH之后，Emacs将看不到该路径，因为它没有从Bash启动。

ASCII Art Time

     X Session $PATH=<original $PATH>
           + +
 +---------+ +--------+
 v                    v
Terminal             Emacs $PATH=<original $PATH>
 +
 |
 v
bash
$PATH=/home/user/anaconda3/bin:$PATH

Solution #1: Change $PATH in .emacs

This is pretty easy. Just add a line to your .emacs near the top like this:

这是非常容易的。在顶部添加一行，像这样:

(setenv "PATH" "/home/user/anaconda3/bin:/home/user/bin:/home/user/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/game")

This has some drawbacks... because now you're setting $PATH in two different places, and these two places can get out of sync with each other (you can forget to update one when the other changes).

这有一些缺陷…因为现在您正在两个不同的位置设置$PATH，这两个位置可能会相互不同步(当其他位置发生更改时，您可能会忘记更新一个位置)。

This is the solution I use.

这是我使用的解决方案。

Solution #2: Configure Elpy to use your Python

Elpy, like most Emacs packages, is configurable. See: https://emacs.stackexchange.com/questions/16637/how-to-set-up-elpy-to-use-python3

与大多数Emacs包一样，Elpy是可配置的。参见:https://emacs.stackexchange.com/questions/16637/how-to-set-up-elpy-to-use-python3

You might be able to use M-x customize-group "elpy" or something like that, which means you don't have to edit your .emacs by hand.

您可能可以使用M-x定制组“elpy”或类似的东西，这意味着您不必手动编辑。emacs。

Solution #3: Change $PATH for your X session

Depending on the specifics of your setup there are different ways to do this. I believe moving the $PATH definitions from .bashrc to .profile may work, but it's been a while since I've done this.

根据您的设置的具体情况，有不同的方法来实现这一点。我相信将$PATH定义从.bashrc移动到.profile可能是可行的，但是我已经有一段时间没有这么做了。

#2

The accepted answer has a nice explanation of what's going on.

公认的答案对正在发生的事情有一个很好的解释。

For a quick solution, Install this package: exec-path-from-shell

要获得快速解决方案，请安装这个包:exec-path-from-shell

It ensures that whenever emacs launches a shell to run something, it will use your local shell configuration including modifications made to $PATH in .bashrc

它确保每当emacs启动一个shell来运行某些东西时，它都会使用您的本地shell配置，包括对.bashrc中的$PATH所做的修改