四十八 Python分布式爬虫打造搜索引擎Scrapy精讲—elasticsearch(搜索引擎)用Django实现搜索功能

Django实现搜索功能

1、在Django配置搜索结果页的路由映射

"""pachong URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app1 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^$', views.indexluoji),
    url(r'^index/', views.indexluoji),
    url(r'^suggest/$', views.suggestluoji,name="suggest"),     # 搜索字段补全请求
    url(r'^search/$', views.searchluoji,name="search"),     # 搜索

]

2、编写逻辑处理函数

在逻辑处理函数里实现搜索数据

（1）获取到用户的搜索词

（2）利用原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口，实现搜索，注明：elasticsearch-dsl就是在原生的elasticsearch上做了封装

　　Elasticsearch()方法，连接原生的elasticsearch服务器

　　search()方法，原生elasticsearch查询方法，支持原生的elasticsearch查询语句，返回的原生语句结果也就是字典形式的数据

　　在查询语句里进行关键词高亮处理

　　将查询到的结果，循环获取到后返回到html页面

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views.generic.base import View
from app1.models import lagouType               # 导入操作elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类
import json
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch         # 导入原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口
client = Elasticsearch(hosts=["127.0.0.1"])     # 连接原生的elasticsearch

def indexluoji(request):
    print(request.method)  # 获取用户请求的路径
    return render(request, 'index.html')

def suggestluoji(request):                                      # 搜索自动补全逻辑处理
    key_words = request.GET.get('s', '')                        # 获取到请求词
    re_datas = []
    if key_words:
        s = lagouType.search()                                  # 实例化elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类的search查询
        s = s.suggest('my_suggest', key_words, completion={
            "field": "suggest", "fuzzy": {
                "fuzziness": 1
            },
            "size": 5
        })
        suggestions = s.execute_suggest()
        for match in suggestions.my_suggest[0].options:
            source = match._source
            re_datas.append(source["title"])
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(re_datas), content_type="application/json")

def searchluoji(request):                                       # 搜索逻辑处理
    key_words = request.GET.get('q', '')                        # 获取到请求词
    response = client.search(                                   # 原生的elasticsearch接口的search()方法，就是搜索，可以支持原生elasticsearch语句查询
        index="lagou",                                          # 设置索引名称
        doc_type="biao",                                        # 设置表名称
        body={                                                  # 书写elasticsearch语句
            "query": {
                "multi_match": {                                # multi_match查询
                    "query": key_words,                         # 查询关键词
                    "fields": ["title", "description"]          # 查询字段
                }
            },
            "from": 0,                                          # 从第几条开始获取
            "size": 10,                                         # 获取多少条数据
            "highlight": {                                      # 查询关键词高亮处理
                "pre_tags": ['<span class="keyWord">'],         # 高亮开始标签
                "post_tags": ['</span>'],                       # 高亮结束标签
                "fields": {                                     # 高亮设置
                    "title": {},                                # 高亮字段
                    "description": {}                           # 高亮字段
                }
            }
        }
    )
    total_nums = response["hits"]["total"]                      # 获取查询结果的总条数
    hit_list = []                                               # 设置一个列表来储存搜索到的信息，返回给html页面
    for hit in response["hits"]["hits"]:                        # 循环查询到的结果
        hit_dict = {}                                           # 设置一个字典来储存循环结果
        if "title" in hit["highlight"]:                         # 判断title字段，如果高亮字段有类容
            hit_dict["title"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["title"])      # 获取高亮里的title
        else:
            hit_dict["title"] = hit["_source"]["title"]                 # 否则获取不是高亮里的title

        if "description" in hit["highlight"]:                           # 判断description字段，如果高亮字段有类容
            hit_dict["description"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["description"])[:500]    # 获取高亮里的description
        else:
            hit_dict["description"] = hit["_source"]["description"]     # 否则获取不是高亮里的description

        hit_dict["url"] = hit["_source"]["url"]                         # 获取返回url

        hit_list.append(hit_dict)                                       # 将获取到内容的字典，添加到列表
    return render(request, 'result.html', {"all_hits": hit_list, "key_words": key_words})       #显示页面和将列表和搜索词返回到html

3、html页面接收搜索结果

注意：因为Django实现了防止恶意代码写入，凡是通过变量传输到html页面的html类型代码，将会被自动转换成字符串方式显示，索引我们需要在接收变量的字段用：{% autoescape off %} {{ 接收变量 }} {% endautoescape %}，来显示html代码，

搜索后因为进行了一次跳转，所以搜索框里的搜索词将不存在，我们需要在传递搜索结果到页面的时候，将搜索词也传递进来填充到搜索框

<!DOCTYPE html >
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
{#引入静态文件路径#}
{% load staticfiles %}
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=emulateIE7" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>python-lcv-search搜索引擎</title>
<link href="{% static 'css/style.css'%}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="{% static 'css/result.css'%}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
    <div id="hd" class="ue-clear">
        <a href="/"><div class="logo"></div></a>
        <div class="inputArea">
            <input type="text" class="searchInput" value="{{ key_words }}"/>
            <input type="button" class="searchButton" onclick="add_search()"/>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="nav">
        <ul class="searchList">
            <li class="searchItem current" data-type="article">文章</li>
            <li class="searchItem" data-type="question">问答</li>
            <li class="searchItem" data-type="job">职位</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div id="bd" class="ue-clear">
        <div id="main">
            <div class="sideBar">

                <div class="subfield">网站</div>
                <ul class="subfieldContext">
                    <li>
                        <span class="name">伯乐在线</span>
                        <span class="unit">(None)</span>
                    </li>
                    <li>
                        <span class="name">知乎</span>
                        <span class="unit">(9862)</span>
                    </li>
                    <li>
                        <span class="name">拉勾网</span>
                        <span class="unit">(9862)</span>
                    </li>
                    <li class="more">
                        <a href="javascript:;">
                            <span class="text">更多</span>
                            <i class="moreIcon"></i>
                        </a>
                    </li>
                </ul>

                <div class="sideBarShowHide">
                    <a href="javascript:;" class="icon"></a>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="resultArea">
                <p class="resultTotal">
                    <span class="info">找到约&nbsp;<span class="totalResult">45</span>&nbsp;条结果(用时<span class="time">0.643128</span>秒)，共约<span class="totalPage">5</span>页</span>
                </p>
                <div class="resultList">
                    {% for hit in all_hits %}
                    <div class="resultItem">
                            <div class="itemHead">
                                <a href="{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.url }} {% endautoescape %}"  target="_blank" class="title">{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.title }} {% endautoescape %}</a>
                                <span class="divsion">-</span>
                                <span class="fileType">
                                    <span class="label">来源：</span>
                                    <span class="value">网络</span>
                                </span>
                                <span class="dependValue">
                                    <span class="label">得分：</span>
                                    <span class="value">3.401155</span>
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <div class="itemBody">
                                {% autoescape off %} {{ hit.description }} {% endautoescape %}
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                </div>
                <!-- 分页 -->
                <div class="pagination ue-clear"></div>
                <!-- 相关搜索 -->

            </div>
            <div class="historyArea">
                <div class="hotSearch">
                    <h6>热门搜索</h6>
                    <ul class="historyList">

                            <li><a href="/search?q=linux">linux</a></li>

                    </ul>
                </div>
                <div class="mySearch">
                    <h6>我的搜索</h6>
                    <ul class="historyList">

                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div><!-- End of main -->
    </div><!--End of bd-->
</div>

<div id="foot">Copyright &copy;projectsedu.com 版权所有  E-mail:[e-mail]</div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/jquery.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/global.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/pagination.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var search_url = "/search/"

    $('.searchList').on('click', '.searchItem', function(){
        $('.searchList .searchItem').removeClass('current');
        $(this).addClass('current');
    });

    $.each($('.subfieldContext'), function(i, item){
        $(this).find('li:gt(2)').hide().end().find('li:last').show();
    });

    function removeByValue(arr, val) {
      for(var i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
        if(arr[i] == val) {
          arr.splice(i, 1);
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    $('.subfieldContext .more').click(function(e){
        var $more = $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more');
        if($more.hasClass('show')){

            if($(this).hasClass('define')){
                $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').removeClass('show').find('.text').text('自定义');
            }else{
                $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').removeClass('show').find('.text').text('更多');
            }
            $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('li:gt(2)').hide().end().find('li:last').show();
        }else{
            $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').addClass('show').find('.text').text('收起');
            $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('li:gt(2)').show();
        }

    });

    $('.sideBarShowHide a').click(function(e) {
        if($('#main').hasClass('sideBarHide')){
            $('#main').removeClass('sideBarHide');
            $('#container').removeClass('sideBarHide');
        }else{
            $('#main').addClass('sideBarHide');
            $('#container').addClass('sideBarHide');
        }

    });
    var key_words = "java"
    //分页
    $(".pagination").pagination(45, {
        current_page :0, //当前页码
        items_per_page :10,
        display_msg :true,
        callback :pageselectCallback
    });
    function pageselectCallback(page_id, jq) {
        window.location.href=search_url+'?q='+key_words+'&p='+page_id
    }

    setHeight();
    $(window).resize(function(){
        setHeight();
    });

    function setHeight(){
        if($('#container').outerHeight() < $(window).height()){
            $('#container').height($(window).height()-33);
        }
    }
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    $('.searchList').on('click', '.searchItem', function(){
        $('.searchList .searchItem').removeClass('current');
        $(this).addClass('current');
    });

    // 联想下拉显示隐藏
    $('.searchInput').on('focus', function(){
        $('.dataList').show()
    });

    // 联想下拉点击
    $('.dataList').on('click', 'li', function(){
        var text = $(this).text();
        $('.searchInput').val(text);
        $('.dataList').hide()
    });

    hideElement($('.dataList'), $('.searchInput'));
</script>
<script>
    var searchArr;
    //定义一个search的，判断浏览器有无数据存储（搜索历史）
    if(localStorage.search){
        //如果有，转换成 数组的形式存放到searchArr的数组里（localStorage以字符串的形式存储，所以要把它转换成数组的形式）
        searchArr= localStorage.search.split(",")
    }else{
        //如果没有，则定义searchArr为一个空的数组
        searchArr = [];
    }
    //把存储的数据显示出来作为搜索历史
    MapSearchArr();

    function add_search(){
        var val = $(".searchInput").val();
        if (val.length>=2){
            //点击搜索按钮时，去重
            KillRepeat(val);
            //去重后把数组存储到浏览器localStorage
            localStorage.search = searchArr;
            //然后再把搜索内容显示出来
            MapSearchArr();
        }

        window.location.href=search_url+'?q='+val+"&s_type="+$(".searchItem.current").attr('data-type')

    }

    function MapSearchArr(){
        var tmpHtml = "";
        var arrLen = 0
        if (searchArr.length > 6){
            arrLen = 6
        }else {
            arrLen = searchArr.length
        }
        for (var i=0;i<arrLen;i++){
            tmpHtml += '<li><a href="/search?q='+searchArr[i]+'">'+searchArr[i]+'</a></li>'
        }
        $(".mySearch .historyList").append(tmpHtml);
    }
    //去重
    function KillRepeat(val){
        var kill = 0;
        for (var i=0;i<searchArr.length;i++){
            if(val===searchArr[i]){
                kill ++;
            }
        }
        if(kill<1){
            searchArr.unshift(val);
        }else {
            removeByValue(searchArr, val)
            searchArr.unshift(val)
        }
    }
</script>
</html>

最终效果