Grafana + Prometheus 监控PostgreSQL

效果图

部署环境

服务器名称	IP地址	监控指标	部署agent	备注
sht-sgmhadoopcm-01	172.16.101.54	OS	node_exporter	监控服务器、被监控服务器
sht-sgmhadoopnn-01	172.16.101.55	OS	node_exporter	被监控服务器
sht-sgmhadoopnn-02	172.16.101.56	OS	node_exporter	被监控服务器
sht-sgmhadoopdn-01	172.16.101.58	OS	node_exporter	被监控服务器
sht-sgmhadoopdn-02	172.16.101.59	OS	node_exporter	被监控服务器
sht-sgmhadoopdn-03	172.16.101.60	OS PostgreSQL	node_exporter postgres_exporter	被监控服务器
sht-sgmhadoopdn-04	172.16.101.66	OS PostgreSQL	node_exporter postgres_exporter	被监控服务器

安装目录

grafana   /usr/local/grafana

prometheus /usr/local/prometheus

node_exporter /usr/local/prometheus/plugin

postgres_exporter /usr/local/prometheus/plugin/postgres_exporter

软件准备

• grafana

https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-6.0.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

• Prometheus

https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.8.0/prometheus-2.8.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

• Prometheus agent

node_exporter

https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.0/node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

postgres_exporter

https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter

https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter/releases

一 安装步骤

1.监控服务器安装Grafana

# tar -zxf grafana-6.0..linux-amd64.tar.gz
# mv grafana-6.0./* .
# rm -rf grafana-6.0.1*

修改conf/defaults.ini文件部分参数如下

data = /usr/local/grafana/data
logs = /usr/local/grafana/data/log
plugins = /usr/local/grafana/data/plugins
provisioning = /usr/local/grafana/conf/provisioning

启动grafana

# bin/grafana-server &

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默认账号密码admin/admin

2.监控服务器安装prometheus

--web.enable-lifecycle

作用：后期修改参数文件时不需要重启服务，可以通过api重新读取参数文件。

# tar -zxf prometheus-2.8..linux-amd64.tar.gz
# mv prometheus-2.8..linux-amd64/* .
# rm -rf prometheus-2.8.0.linux-amd64*
# ./prometheus --web.enable-lifecycle --web.enable-admin-api &

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3. 各节点安装agent

node_exporter

# tar -zxf node_exporter-0.17..linux-amd64.tar.gz
# mv node_exporter-0.17..linux-amd64 node_exporter
# rm -rf node_exporter-0.17..linux-amd64.tar.gz
# node_exporter/node_exporter &

postgres_exporter

该插件还未集成prometheus官网，需要从github下载.,分别下载源码文件，注意postgres_exporter二进制执行文件并不在该源码包里，需要单独下载。

源码 https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter

二进制执行文件https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter/releases

加入我自己定义的部分sql到custom.yaml文件

# cp queries.yaml custom.yaml

pg_stat_connetion:
  query: "select state,count(*) from pg_stat_activity group by state"
  metrics:
    - state:
        usage: "LABEL"
        description: "type of session state"
    - num:
        usage: "GAUGE"
        description: "type of session state"

pg_stat_long:
   query: "SELECT pid, runtime from (select usename, pid, EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (now() - query_start))::INT as runtime FROM pg_stat_activity) as ss where runtime > 180 order by runtime desc limit 5"
   metrics:
     - pid:
         usage: "LABEL"
         description: "Pid of the client"
     - runtime:
         usage: "GAUGE"
         description: "current transactrion start time"

启动postgres_exporter

# export DATA_SOURCE_NAME="postgresql://dbadmin:1qax2wse@172.16.101.54:5432/postgres?sslmode=disable"
# export PG_EXPORTER_EXTEND_QUERY_PATH="/usr/local/prometheus/plugin/postgres_exporter/custom.yaml"
# ./postgres_exporter &

查看postgre_exporter

4. prometheus添加agent节点

prometheus.yml

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.

- job_name: 'promethus'
  static_configs:
     - targets: ['172.16.101.54:9090']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopcm-01'
        platform: 'sh'

- job_name: 'system'
  static_configs:
     - targets: ['172.16.101.54:9100']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopcm-01'
        platform: 'ec2'
     - targets: ['172.16.101.55:9100']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopnn-01'
        platform: 'ec2'
     - targets: ['172.16.101.56:9100']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopnn-02'
        platform: 'ec2'
     - targets: ['172.16.101.58:9100']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopdn-01'
        platform: 'ec2'
     - targets: ['172.16.101.59:9100']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopdn-02'
        platform: 'ec2'
     - targets: ['172.16.101.60:9100']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopdn-03'
        platform: 'ec2'
     - targets: ['172.16.101.66:9100']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopdn-04'
        platform: 'ec2'

- job_name: 'postgres'
  static_configs:
     - targets: ['172.16.101.66:9187']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopdn-04'
        platform: 'ec2'
     - targets: ['172.16.101.60:9187']
       labels:
        instance: 'sht-sgmhadoopdn-03'
        platform: 'ec2'

重新载入配置文件

# curl -X POST http://172.16.101.54:9090/-/reload
level=info ts=--16T15::.149076153Z caller=main.go: msg="Loading configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
level=info ts=--16T15::.152481657Z caller=main.go: msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml

登录prometheus验证

二. 部署grafana

1. 添加prometheus数据源

2.建立dashboard

dashbord名称

添加变量，把改dashborad作为模板使用

变量instance,获得server的node_exporter

变量database，获得server的postgres_exporter

3.添加查询

系统监控

添加row

1）system start time

2）CPU Cores

3）Memory Size

4) CPU Usage (5m)

5) CPU IO Wait (5m)

6) Memory Used

7) Memory Cached

8）System Average Load (1,5,15)

9) DIsk Usage

10) Disk Read/Write IOPS (1m)

 数据库监控

添加row

1) PostgreSQL Start Time

2) PostgreSQL Version

3) PostgreSQL Shared_buffers

4) PostgreSQL Effective_cache_size

5) PostgreSQL Work Memory

6) PostgreSQL Max Connections

7) Logging Collector

8) PostgreSQL Fsync

9) PostgreSQL Database Size

10) PostgreSQL Current Sessions

11) PostgreSQL Table Locks

12) PostgreSQL Deadlocks

13) PostgreSQL Longest Transactions

14) Tuple Updated

15) Tuple Deleted

16) Tuple Inserted

17) Cache Hit Rate

18) Checkpoint Stats

{
  "__inputs": [
    {
      "name": "DS_DEV_PROMETHEUS",
      "label": "DEV_Prometheus",
      "description": "",
      "type": "datasource",
      "pluginId": "prometheus",
      "pluginName": "Prometheus"
    }
  ],
  "__requires": [
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "gauge",
      "name": "Gauge",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "grafana",
      "id": "grafana",
      "name": "Grafana",
      "version": "6.0.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "graph",
      "name": "Graph",
      "version": "5.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "datasource",
      "id": "prometheus",
      "name": "Prometheus",
      "version": "5.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "singlestat",
      "name": "Singlestat",
      "version": "5.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "table",
      "name": "Table",
      "version": "5.0.0"
    }
  ],
  "annotations": {
    "list": [
      {
        "builtIn": 1,
        "datasource": "-- Grafana --",
        "enable": true,
        "hide": true,
        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
        "type": "dashboard"
      }
    ]
  },
  "editable": true,
  "gnetId": null,
  "graphTooltip": 0,
  "id": null,
  "iteration": 1552826976555,
  "links": [],
  "panels": [
    {
      "collapsed": false,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 1,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 21,
      "panels": [],
      "title": "==============================System Summary==============================",
      "type": "row"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "#299c46",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "#d44a3a"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_DEV_PROMETHEUS}",
      "format": "dateTimeAsIso",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 3,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 2,
      "interval": null,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "node_boot_time_seconds{instance=\"$server\"} * 1000",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "System Uptime(days)",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "",
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "System Start Time",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "80%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "#299c46",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "#d44a3a"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_DEV_PROMETHEUS}",
      "format": "none",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 2,
        "x": 3,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 4,
      "interval": null,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "count(count(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance=\"$server\", mode='system'}) by (cpu))",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "",
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "CPU Cores",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "120%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "datasource": "${DS_DEV_PROMETHEUS}",
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 3,
        "x": 5,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 8,
      "links": [],
      "options": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "showThresholdLabels": true,
        "showThresholdMarkers": true,
        "thresholds": [
          {
            "color": "#7EB26D",
            "index": 0,
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "color": "#FA6400",
            "index": 1,
            "value": 30
          },
          {
            "color": "#C4162A",
            "index": 2,
            "value": 70
          }
        ],
        "valueMappings": [],
        "valueOptions": {
          "decimals": 2,
          "prefix": "",
          "stat": "current",
          "suffix": "",
          "unit": "percent"
        }
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "100 - (avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance=\"$server\",mode=\"idle\"}[5m])) * 100)",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "CPU Usage (5m)",
      "type": "gauge"
    },
    {
      "datasource": "${DS_DEV_PROMETHEUS}",
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 3,
        "x": 8,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 10,
      "links": [],
      "options": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "showThresholdLabels": true,
        "showThresholdMarkers": true,
        "thresholds": [
          {
            "color": "#7EB26D",
            "index": 0,
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "color": "#FA6400",
            "index": 1,
            "value": 30
          },
          {
            "color": "#C4162A",
            "index": 2,
            "value": 50
          }
        ],
        "valueMappings": [],
        "valueOptions": {
          "decimals": 2,
          "prefix": "",
          "stat": "current",
          "suffix": "",
          "unit": "percent"
        }
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance=\"$server\",mode=\"iowait\"}[5m])) * 100",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "CPU IO Wait (5m)",
      "type": "gauge"
    },
    {
      "datasource": "${DS_DEV_PROMETHEUS}",
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 3,
        "x": 11,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 12,
      "links": [],
      "options": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "showThresholdLabels": false,
        "showThresholdMarkers": true,
        "thresholds": [
          {
            "color": "#7EB26D",
            "index": 0,
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "color": "#FA6400",
            "index": 1,
            "value": 80
          },
          {
            "color": "#C4162A",
            "index": 2,
            "value": 90
          }
        ],
        "valueMappings": [],
        "valueOptions": {
          "decimals": null,
          "prefix": "",
          "stat": "current",
          "suffix": "",
          "unit": "percent"
        }
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "(node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{instance=\"$server\"} - (node_memory_MemFree_bytes{instance=\"$server\"} + node_memory_Buffers_bytes{instance=\"$server\"} + node_memory_Cached_bytes{instance=\"$server\"})) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{instance=\"$server\"} * 100",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Memory Used",
      "type": "gauge"
    },
    {
      "datasource": "${DS_DEV_PROMETHEUS}",
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 3,
        "x": 14,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 13,
      "links": [],
      "options": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "showThresholdLabels": false,
        "showThresholdMarkers": true,
        "thresholds": [
          {
            "color": "#C4162A",
            "index": 0,
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "color": "#FA6400",
            "index": 1,
            "value": 20
          },
          {
            "color": "#37872D",
            "index": 2,
            "value": 50
          }
        ],
        "valueMappings": [],
        "valueOptions": {
          "decimals": 2,
          "prefix": "",
          "stat": "current",
          "suffix": "",
          "unit": "percent"
        }
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "(node_memory_Cached_bytes{instance=\"$server\"} * 100) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{instance=\"$server\"}",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Memory Cached",
      "type": "gauge"
    },
    {
      "aliasColors": {},
      "bars": false,
      "dashLength": 10,
      "dashes": false,
      "datasource": "${DS_DEV_PROMETHEUS}",
      "fill": 1,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 7,
        "x": 17,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 15,
      "legend": {
        "alignAsTable": true,
        "avg": false,
        "current": true,
        "max": true,
        "min": false,
        "rightSide": true,
        "show": true,
        "total": false,
        "values": true
      },
      "lines": true,
      "linewidth": 1,
      "links": [],
      "nullPointMode": "null",
      "paceLength": 10,
      "percentage": false,
      "pointradius": 2,
      "points": false,
      "renderer": "flot",
      "seriesOverrides": [],
      "stack": false,
      "steppedLine": false,
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "node_load1{instance=\"$server\"}",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "1m",
          "refId": "A"
        },
        {
          "expr": "node_load5{instance=\"$server\"}",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "5m",
          "refId": "B"
        },
        {
          "expr": "node_load15{instance=\"$server\"}",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "15m",
          "refId": "C"
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": [],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeRegions": [],
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "System Average Load (1,5,15) ",
      "tooltip": {
        "shared": true,
        "sort": 0,
        "value_type": "individual"
      },
      "type": "graph",
      "xaxis": {
        "buckets": null,
        "mode": "time",
        "name": null,
        "show": true,
        "values": []
      },
      "yaxes": [
        {
          "format": "short",
          "label": null,
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": true
        },
        {
          "format": "short",
          "label": null,
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": true
        }
      ],
      "yaxis": {
        "align": false,
        "alignLevel": null
      }
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "#299c46",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "#d44a3a"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_DEV_PROMETHEUS}",
      "format": "bytes",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 2,
        "x": 3,
        "y": 4
      },
      "id": 6,
      "interval": null,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{instance=\"$server\"}",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "",
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Memory Size",
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