STM32 串口USART DMA方式发送接收数据

时间:2023-03-08 20:27:42

硬件:stm32f103cbt6

软件:STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Lib_V3.5.0


DMA,直接内存存取,类似用它的双手释放CPU的灵魂,所以,本文通过USART3进行串口收发,接受使用DMA的方式,无需CPU进行干预,当接受完成之后,数据可以直接从内存的缓冲区读取,从而减少了CPU的压力。

具体的代码实现如下:

  • usart_driver.h 封装了接口,数据接收回调函数类型,基本数据结构等;
  • usart_driver.c 函数原型实现,中断服务函数实现等;

拷贝这两个文件即可,可以根据目录下的参考用例,进行初始化。

头文件

usart_driver.h已经声明了外部函数可能用到的接口;

USART3_DR的地址

因为USART3接收到数据会存在DR寄存器中,而DMA控制器则负责将该寄存器中的内容一一搬运到内存的缓冲区中(比如你定义的某个数组中),所以这里需要告诉DMA控制去哪里搬运,因此需要设置USART3_DR的总线地址。

USART3的基址如下图所示;

STM32 串口USART DMA方式发送接收数据

DR寄存器的偏移地址如下图所示;

STM32 串口USART DMA方式发送接收数据

所以最终地址为:0x40004800 + 0x004

#define USART_DR_Base 0x40004804

DMA的通道

因为有很多外设都可以使用DMA,比如ADCI2CSPI等等,所以,不同的外设就要选择属于自己的DMA通道,查找参考手册;

STM32 串口USART DMA方式发送接收数据

因此USART3_RX在这里会使用DMA1通道3,这都是硬件上已经预先分配好的,我们需要遵循这个规则。

所以在代码中我们做出相应的定义;如下所示;

#define USART_Rx_DMA_Channel    DMA1_Channel3

DMA的中断

DMA支持三种中断:传输过半,传输完成,传输出错;

STM32 串口USART DMA方式发送接收数据

因此在使用是相当安全也相当灵活,而本文只是用了传输完成中断;如下定义了,传输完成中断的标志位,DMA1_FLAG_TC3也就对应了图中的TCIF

#define USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG       DMA1_FLAG_TC3

USART接收回调函数

STM32HAL中封装了大量外设的回调函数,使用起来十分方便,但是标准库中则没有这样的做法,但是这里我们可以自己实现,rx_cbk就是回调,即串口数据接收完成就会执行已经注册的回调函数;

typedef void (*rx_cbk)(void* args);

通过使用接口usart_set_rx_cbk进行回调函数的注册,pargs为将传递的参数指针;

void usart_set_rx_cbk(uart_mod_t *pmod, rx_cbk pfunc,void *pargs);

头文件源码

#ifndef USART_DRIVER_H
#define USART_DRIVER_H
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h> /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
#define USE_MICROLIB_USART 1 #if USE_MICROLIB_USART #ifdef __GNUC__
/* With GCC/RAISONANCE, small printf (option LD Linker->Libraries->Small printf
set to 'Yes') calls __io_putchar() */
#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch)
#else
#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
//#define GETCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fgetc(FILE *f) #endif /* __GNUC__ */
extern PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE;
#else #endif //default 8N1
#define COM_PORT USART3
#define TX_PIN GPIO_Pin_10
#define RX_PIN GPIO_Pin_11
#define BAUDRATE 115200 #define IRQ_UART_PRE 3
#define IRQ_UART_SUB 3 #define USART_Rx_DMA_Channel DMA1_Channel3
#define USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG DMA1_FLAG_TC3
#define USART_DR_Base 0x40004804
#define USART_BUF_SIZE ((uint16_t)16) typedef void (*rx_cbk)(void* args);
struct uart_mod { uint8_t rx_buf[USART_BUF_SIZE];
uint8_t rx_dat_len;
uint8_t head;
uint8_t tail; void (*init)(void); void *pargs;
rx_cbk pfunc_rx_cbk;
};
typedef struct uart_mod uart_mod_t; extern uart_mod_t user_uart_mod;
void usart_init(void);
void usart_set_rx_cbk(uart_mod_t *pmod, rx_cbk pfunc,void *pargs);
void usart_send_char(char ch);
void usart_test_echo(void);
uint8_t usart_recv_char(void);
int usart_printf(const char *fmt, ...); //extern GETCHAR_PROTOTYPE; #endif

DMA的基本配置

串口接收DMA的配置在函数dma_init中;

static void dma_init(void)

已经定义了数据缓冲区,如下:

uint8_t RxBuffer[USART_BUF_SIZE] = { 0 };

因此需要在DMA的配置中设置USART_DR的地址,和数据缓冲区的地址,以及两者的大小;

还有就是数据流向;

  • 寄存器流向内存;
  • 内存流向寄存器;

    这个需要搞清楚;相关配置如下所示;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = USART_DR_Base;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)RxBuffer;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = USART_BUF_SIZE;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;

注意:

DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC表示,外设作为源地址,数据是从外设寄存器流向内存,即DMA会把数据从地址USART_DR_Base搬运到RxBuffer去。

如果这个地方搞错,会导致RxBuffer始终没有你想要的数据。

环形队列接收数据

线性缓冲区会因为缓冲器接收数据已满导致无法继续接收的问题;而环形队列进行接收的话,会自动进行覆盖,这样一来,在读取数据的时候,也要配置一个环形队列进行数据处理,下面的配置是把DMA配置为循环模式;

DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;

在结构体user_uart_mod中,则用两个变量分别指向队首head和队尾tail

具体数据的读取在函数USART3_IRQHandler中,会把数据从内存的RxBuffer读取到结构体user_uart_mod的成员变量rx_buf中;

最终调用回调函数。

函数原型

usart_driver.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "stm32f10x_usart.h"
#include "usart_driver.h" uint8_t RxBuffer[USART_BUF_SIZE] = { 0 }; uart_mod_t user_uart_mod = {
.rx_dat_len = 0,
.head = 0,
.tail = 0,
.pfunc_rx_cbk = NULL,
.pargs = NULL
}; static USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure; static void rcc_init(void){ RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE);
/* Enable GPIO clock */
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB
| RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB1Periph_USART3, ENABLE);
} static void gpio_init(void){ GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
/* Configure USART Tx as alternate function push-pull */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = TX_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); /* Configure USART Rx as input floating */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = RX_PIN; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); } static void dma_init(void){ DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure; /* USARTy_Tx_DMA_Channel (triggered by USARTy Tx event) Config */ DMA_DeInit(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel);
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = USART_DR_Base;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)RxBuffer;
//DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralDST;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = USART_BUF_SIZE;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_VeryHigh;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
DMA_Init(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, &DMA_InitStructure); } static void irq_init(void){ NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure; /* Enable the USART3_IRQn Interrupt */
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART3_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = IRQ_UART_PRE;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = IRQ_UART_SUB;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
} void usart_send_char(char ch){ /* Loop until the end of transmission */
//while (USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET){}
while((COM_PORT->SR & USART_FLAG_TC) != USART_FLAG_TC){ }
USART_SendData(COM_PORT, (uint8_t) ch);
} uint8_t usart_recv_char(){
/* Wait the byte is entirely received by USARTy */
//while(USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET){}
while((COM_PORT->SR & USART_FLAG_RXNE) != USART_FLAG_RXNE){ } /* Store the received byte in the RxBuffer1 */
return (uint8_t)USART_ReceiveData(COM_PORT);
} int usart_printf(const char *fmt, ... )
{
uint8_t i = 0;
uint8_t usart_tx_buf[128] = { 0 };
va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt );
vsprintf((char*)usart_tx_buf, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap); while(usart_tx_buf[i] && i < 128){
usart_send_char(usart_tx_buf[i]);
i++;
}
usart_send_char('\0');
return 0;
} void usart_test_echo(){
uint8_t tmp_dat = 0xff; tmp_dat = usart_recv_char();
usart_send_char(tmp_dat);
} void usart_init(void){ rcc_init ();
gpio_init ();
irq_init(); /* USARTx configured as follow:
- BaudRate = 115200 baud
- Word Length = 8 Bits
- One Stop Bit
- No parity
- Hardware flow control disabled (RTS and CTS signals)
- Receive and transmit enabled
*/
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = BAUDRATE;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
/* USART configuration */
USART_Init(COM_PORT, &USART_InitStructure); USART_ITConfig(COM_PORT, USART_IT_IDLE, ENABLE);
//USART_ITConfig(COM_PORT, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
/* Enable USART */
USART_Cmd(COM_PORT, ENABLE); USART_DMACmd(COM_PORT,USART_DMAReq_Rx, ENABLE);
dma_init();
DMA_ITConfig(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, DMA_IT_TC, ENABLE);
DMA_ITConfig(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, DMA_IT_TE, ENABLE);
DMA_Cmd(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, ENABLE); } void usart_set_rx_cbk(uart_mod_t *pmod, rx_cbk pfunc,void *pargs){
pmod->pargs = pargs;
pmod->pfunc_rx_cbk = pfunc;
} void DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler(void){
if(DMA_GetITStatus(USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG) == SET){
DMA_ClearITPendingBit(USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG);
}
} /**
* @brief This function handles USART3 global interrupt request.
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void USART3_IRQHandler(void)
{
uint8_t buf[USART_BUF_SIZE];
uint16_t rect_len = 0;
if(USART_GetITStatus(COM_PORT, USART_IT_IDLE) != RESET)
{
uint8_t i = 0;
USART_ReceiveData(COM_PORT);
user_uart_mod.head = USART_BUF_SIZE - DMA_GetCurrDataCounter(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel);
//fifo is not full
while(user_uart_mod.head%USART_BUF_SIZE != user_uart_mod.tail%USART_BUF_SIZE){
user_uart_mod.rx_buf[i++] = RxBuffer[user_uart_mod.tail++%USART_BUF_SIZE];
}
user_uart_mod.rx_dat_len = i;
//DMA_Cmd(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, ENABLE);
if(user_uart_mod.pfunc_rx_cbk != NULL){
user_uart_mod.pfunc_rx_cbk(user_uart_mod.pargs);
}
}
USART_ClearITPendingBit(COM_PORT, USART_IT_IDLE);
//USART_ClearITPendingBit(COM_PORT, USART_IT_RXNE);
} #if USE_MICROLIB_USART
/**
* @brief Retargets the C library printf function to the USART.
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE
{
/* Place your implementation of fputc here */
/* e.g. write a character to the USART */
USART_SendData(COM_PORT, (uint8_t) ch);
/* Loop until the end of transmission */
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET)
{}
return ch;
} #else #pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)
struct __FILE
{
int handle; };
FILE __stdout; int _sys_exit(int x)
{
x = x;
return 0;
}
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
/* Place your implementation of fputc here */
/* e.g. write a character to the USART */
USART_SendData(COM_PORT, (uint8_t) ch);
/* Loop until the end of transmission */
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET)
{}
return ch;
}
#endif

参考用例

这里需要调用usart_init,并设置回调函数,如果不设置,则不会执行回调。

void motor_get_cmd_from_uart(void *pargs){

	if(pargs == NULL){
return;
}
uart_mod_t *p = pargs;
if(p->rx_dat_len > 0 && p->rx_dat_len == PACKAGE_SIZE){
if(p->rx_buf[0] == PACKAGE_HEAD
&& p->rx_buf[PACKAGE_SIZE - 1] == PACKAGE_TAIL){
user_cmd_mod.head = p->rx_buf[0];
user_cmd_mod.cmd.value_n[0] = p->rx_buf[1];
user_cmd_mod.cmd.value_n[1] = p->rx_buf[2]; user_cmd_mod.option = p->rx_buf[3]; user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[0] = p->rx_buf[4];
user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[1] = p->rx_buf[5];
user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[2] = p->rx_buf[6];
user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[3] = p->rx_buf[7]; user_cmd_mod.tail = p->rx_buf[PACKAGE_SIZE - 1];
user_cmd_mod.process_flag = 1;
}
}
p->rx_dat_len = 0;
} int main(void){
usart_init();
usart_set_rx_cbk(&user_uart_mod, motor_get_cmd_from_uart,&user_uart_mod);
}