Android GUI之Activity、Window、View

时间:2023-03-09 17:49:10
Android GUI之Activity、Window、View

  相信大家在接触Android之初就已经知道了Activity中的setContentView方法的作用了,很明显此方法是用于为Activity填充相应的布局的。那么,Activity是如何将填充的布局绘制出来的呢?实际上Activity将View的绘制与显示交给了Window对象来处理,下面我们通过源码来进行跟踪分析。

  Activity的源码如下,只给出我们关注的部分:

public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
implements LayoutInflater.Factory2,
Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback,
OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks2,
Window.OnWindowDismissedCallback {
……
……
private Window mWindow;
private WindowManager mWindowManager;
…… /**
* Retrieve the current {@link android.view.Window} for the activity.
* This can be used to directly access parts of the Window API that
* are not available through Activity/Screen.
*
* @return Window The current window, or null if the activity is not
* visual.
*/
public Window getWindow() {
return mWindow;
}
……
/**
* Set the activity content from a layout resource. The resource will be
* inflated, adding all top-level views to the activity.
*
* @param layoutResID Resource ID to be inflated.
*
* @see #setContentView(android.view.View)
* @see #setContentView(android.view.View, android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams)
*/
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
} /**
* Set the activity content to an explicit view. This view is placed
* directly into the activity's view hierarchy. It can itself be a complex
* view hierarchy. When calling this method, the layout parameters of the
* specified view are ignored. Both the width and the height of the view are
* set by default to {@link ViewGroup.LayoutParams#MATCH_PARENT}. To use
* your own layout parameters, invoke
* {@link #setContentView(android.view.View,android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams)}
* instead.
*
* @param view The desired content to display.
*
* @see #setContentView(int)
* @see #setContentView(android.view.View, android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams)
*/
public void setContentView(View view) {
getWindow().setContentView(view);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
}
final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
Configuration config, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor) {
attachBaseContext(context);
mFragments.attachActivity(this, mContainer, null);
mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this); ……
}
……
}

PolicyManager的部分源码:

public final class PolicyManager {
……
private static final IPolicy sPolicy;
static {
// Pull in the actual implementation of the policy at run-time
……
sPolicy = (IPolicy)policyClass.newInstance();
……
}
// Cannot instantiate this class
private PolicyManager() {}
// The static methods to spawn new policy-specific objects
public static Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
return sPolicy.makeNewWindow(context);
}
……
}

Policy的部分源码:

public class Policy implements IPolicy {
……
public Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
return new PhoneWindow(context);
}
……
}

  从给出的源码我们可以看到,Activity内部含有一个Window类型的对象mWindow,当我们调用setContentView方法时,实际上是委托给了Window对象进行处理。Window本身是一个抽象类,它描述了android窗口的基本属性和行为特征。在activity的attach方法中通过mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this)创建了Window对象。通过追踪代码可知, PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this)实际上是调用Policy中的makeNewWindow方法,在此方法中创建了一个PhoneWindow对象。而PhoneWindow正是Window的子类。他们的关系图如下:

Android GUI之Activity、Window、View

继续追踪源码,PhoneWindow对Window的抽象方法setContentView(int layoutResId)进行了实现,具体源码如下:

@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
} if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
getContext());
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
}

  在这个方法中我们可以看到首先对mContentParent进行了判断,如果为空的话则调用installDecor方法,通过hasFeature判断window是否具备某些特征,如果窗口不含有FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS特征,则清空mContentParent中的所有子元素,为后面加载布局文件到mContentParent中做好准备。通过后面的判断,我们也可以看出无论走那个分支,其实都是对mContentParent布局内容做了更新。由此我们可以推断出mContentParent其实就是我们自己的布局的存放容器,它在PhoneWindow中定义如下:

    // This is the view in which the window contents are placed. It is either
// mDecor itself, or a child of mDecor where the contents go.
private ViewGroup mContentParent;

  那么mContentParent是在哪里被创建的呢,很显然是在方法installDecor中,方法installDecor的关键代码如下:

    private void installDecor() {
if (mDecor == null) {
mDecor = generateDecor();
……
}
if (mContentParent == null) {
mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
……
}
}

  在这个方法中,我们可以看到,首先对mDecor进行判断,如果为空在调用generateDecor方法生成mDecor对象,那么mDecor对象是什么呢?通过查看代码,可以知道mDecor的类型为DecorView,此类型是定义在PhoneWindow中的一个内部类,它继承了FrameLayout。紧接着判断mContentParent是否为空,为空则调用generateLayout并通过传入参数mDecor生成了mContentParent对象。在这个方法中通过应用的主题、窗口特征等来确定使用的布局资源并将使用的布局添加mDecor中,而这些布局中都会含有一个id为content的ViewGroup(FrameLayout),此ViewGroup正是mContentParent,方法关键代码如下:

protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
……
View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) in;
ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
……
return contentParent;
}

  由此我们可以确定,view的显示处理顺序为Activity->PhoneWindow->DecorView->ViewGroup(mContentView)->自定义的View(布局)。

  Activity中显示视图的层次结构,具体如下:

Android GUI之Activity、Window、View

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作者:杰瑞教育
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/jerehedu/ 
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