Android实现模拟表单上传

时间:2022-02-08 15:55:42

很久以前,写过一篇关于下载的文章:基于HTTP协议的下载功能实现,今天对于Android上的文件上传,也简单的提两笔。在Android上,一般使用Http 模拟表单或者FTP来进行文件上传,使用FTP协议,可以直接使用Appache的FTPClient,使用方法很简单,不再赘述。这里主要说明一下Http模拟表单上传的实现。

模拟表单上传,其实也很简单,主要需要在Http post 的数据体中构建表单信息(multipart/form),表单数据格式的规范,可以参考REC标准。下面是一个格式示例:

       ...
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=------WebKitFormBoundaryK7Ck1eEROPVUf1De
       Content-Length: 145000
... ------WebKitFormBoundaryK7Ck1eEROPVUf1De
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="fileKey"; filename="bg_entry.png"
Content-Type: image/png DATA OF FILE
       ------WebKitFormBoundaryK7Ck1eEROPVUf1De--

表单请求重点在两部分:

Header

1.通过Content-Type告知Server这是一个表单提交请求,并声明自己使用的Boundary。Boundary相当于一个分隔符,用于标志表单数据的开始和结束。

2.通过Content-Length告诉本次请求的数据长度,Post Body的长度(包括上传文件长度)。

Body:

1.以Boundary分割表单数据。

2.表单参数相当于简单的Header,一般包括Content-Disposition(文件信息)和Content-Type(数据类型)两个字段。

3.各部分、各字段之间都要以CRLF分割。

4.最后以Boundary加上“--”结束表单请求。

核心代码如下:

    protected String doUpload(HttpURLConnection connection, UploadParam param) throws Exception {
String path = param.getPath();
String fileKey = TextUtils.isEmpty(param.getFileKey()) ? "file" : param.getFileKey();
String fileName = param.getFileName();
String fileType = TextUtils.isEmpty(param.getContentType()) ? MIME_TYPE_ALL : param.getContentType(); DataOutputStream outs = null;
BufferedReader ins = null;
FileInputStream fouts = null;
String response = null;
try {
// Content-Disposition: form-data; name="fileKey"; filename="bg_entry.png"
// Content-Type: image/png
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(buildParams(param.getParams()));
builder.append(getBoundaryPrefixed())
.append(CRLF)
.append(String.format(HEADER_CONTENT_DISPOSITION + COLON_SPACE + FORM_DATA + SEMICOLON_SPACE + FILENAME, fileKey, fileName))
.append(CRLF)
.append(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE).append(fileType)
.append(CRLF)
//Must jump to new line to indicate the beginning of data.
.append(CRLF);
byte[] headBuf = builder.toString().getBytes(CHARSET_UTF8);
//Must jump to new line to indicate the end of data.
byte[] tailBuf = (CRLF + getBoundaryPrefixed() + BOUNDARY_PREFIX + CRLF).getBytes(CHARSET_UTF8);
long currentBytes = 0;
File file = new File(path);
long totalSize = file.length() + headBuf.length + tailBuf.length;
//Generally speaking,Files larger than 4M should use streaming mode.
if (totalSize > 4 * 1024 * 1024) {
//Avoid oom when post large file.Ether way is ok.
connection.setChunkedStreamingMode(1024);
// connection.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(totalSize);
}
connection.setRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH, String.valueOf(totalSize));
connection.connect(); outs = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
outs.write(headBuf);
currentBytes += headBuf.length;
updateProgress(currentBytes, totalSize);
fouts = new FileInputStream(file);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int length = -1;
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
while ((length = fouts.read(buffer)) != -1) {
if (length > 0) {
outs.write(buffer, 0, length);
currentBytes += length;
now = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (now - startTime >= PROGRESS_RATE) {
updateProgress(currentBytes, totalSize);
startTime = now;
}
}
if (!canRun()) {
throw new Exception("Upload cancelled");
}
}
outs.write(tailBuf);
outs.flush();
updateProgress(totalSize, totalSize); fouts.close();
fouts = null; //Response.
if (connection.getResponseCode() != 200) {
throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Error upload response: code:%s msg:%s", connection.getResponseCode(), connection.getResponseMessage()));
}
ins = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
String line;
StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();
while ((line = ins.readLine()) != null) {
b.append(line);
if (!canRun()) {
throw new Exception("Upload cancelled");
}
} response = b.toString();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(response)) {
throw new NullPointerException("Null response: " + response);
}
outs.close();
outs = null;
ins.close();
ins = null;
} finally {
if (fouts != null) {
fouts.close();
fouts = null;
}
if (outs != null) {
outs.close();
outs = null;
}
if (ins != null) {
ins.close();
ins = null;
}
}
return response;
}

主要步凑为:

1.配置Header参数

2.构建表单参数

3.读取和发送文件内容

4.获取响应码

其中值得注意的是,一般情况下,上传会把所有的文件内容读取到内存中再统一发送,如果文件过大,将可能导致内存溢出。所以在判断文件内容大于4MB时,使用Chunked模式或Stream模式来避免OOM。

            if (totalSize > 4 * 1024 * 1024) {
//Avoid oom when post large file.Ether way is ok.
connection.setChunkedStreamingMode(1024);
//connection.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(totalSize);
}

更多代码详情请参考:TransferLibrary——一个Android文件传输库,主要实现基于Http的文件上传和下载,简单方便,支持多任务下载,断点续传等等,欢迎小伙伴们使用交流:D