Spring 使用介绍(五)—— AOP(一)

时间:2023-03-09 17:02:30
Spring 使用介绍(五)—— AOP(一)

一、简单使用:Hello World实例

1、定义目标类

public interface Hello {
void sayHello();
}
public class HelloImpl implements Hello {
@Override
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("hello matt!");
}
}

2、定义切面支持类

public class HelloAspect {
public void beforeAdvice() {
System.out.println("****beforeAdvice");
} public void afterFinnallyAdvice() {
System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice");
}
}

3、配置切面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd"> <!-- 目标类 -->
<bean id="hello" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloImpl"></bean> <!-- 切面支持类 -->
<bean id="helloAspect" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloAspect"></bean> <aop:config>
<!-- 切点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.*(..))"/>
<!-- 切面 -->
<aop:aspect ref="helloAspect">
<aop:before pointcut-ref="pointcut" method="beforeAdvice"/>
<aop:after pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.*(..))" method="afterFinnallyAdvice"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>

4、测试

@Test
public void testSayHello() {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
Hello hello = context.getBean(Hello.class);
hello.sayHello();
}

输出:

****beforeAdvice
hello matt!
****afterFinnallyAdvice

二、AOP XML配置

AOP定义必须放在<aop:config>标签下,该标签下可以有<aop:pointcut>、<aop:advisor>、<aop:aspect>标签,配置顺序不可变

AOP配置步骤:

1)声明切面支持bean(通过<bean>标签实例化支持类)

2)声明切面,引用切面支持bean(切面由<aop:aspect>标签指定,ref属性用来引用切面支持Bean)

3)声明切入点,有两种方式(注意:切入点也是bean)

  i)使用<aop:pointcut>声明一个切入点Bean,该切入点可被多个切面共享

<aop:config>
  <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.javass..*.*(..))"/>
  <aop:aspect ref="aspectSupportBean">
  <aop:before pointcut-ref="pointcut" method="before"/>
  </aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

  ii)匿名切入点Bean,通过pointcut属性指定

<aop:config>
  <aop:aspect ref="aspectSupportBean">
  <aop:after pointcut="execution(* cn.javass..*.*(..))" method="afterFinallyAdvice"/>
  </aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

4)声明通知,有五种:

  i)前置通知  方法调用前调用

  ii)后置返回通知  方法调用后且正常返回时调用

  iii)后置异常通知  方法调用后且抛出异常时调用

  iv)后置最终通知  方法调用后始终调用

  v)环绕通知  可控制方法的执行过程,如决定方法是否执行,什么时候执行,执行时替换方法参数,执行后替换返回值等

注意:当method属性需要指定支持类的某个重载方法时,需要指定参数列表

具体实例如下:

目标接口及实现

public interface Hello {
void sayBefore(String str);
String sayAfterReturning(String str);
void sayAfterThrowing();
void sayAfterFinnally();
void sayAround(String str);
}
public class HelloImpl implements Hello {
@Override
public void sayBefore(String str) {
System.out.println("sayBefore " + str);
} @Override
public String sayAfterReturning(String str) {
System.out.println("sayAfterReturning " + str);
return "returning";
} @Override
public void sayAfterThrowing() {
System.out.println("sayAfterThrowing");
throw new RuntimeException("test exception!");
} @Override
public void sayAfterFinnally() {
System.out.println("sayAfterFinnally");
} @Override
public void sayAround(String str) {
System.out.println("sayAround " + str);
}
}

AOP支持类

public class HelloAspect {
public void beforeAdvice(String param) {
System.out.println("****beforeAdvice " + param);
} public void afterReturningAdvice(String retVal) {
System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice " + retVal);
} public void afterThrowingAdvice(Exception ex) {
System.out.println("****afterThrowingAdvice " + ex.getMessage());
} public void afterFinnallyAdvice() {
System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice ");
} public Object aroundAdvice(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("===========around before advice");
Object retVal = pjp.proceed(new Object[] {"replace"});
System.out.println("===========around after advice");
return retVal;
}
}

AOP配置

    <!-- 目标类实例化 -->
<bean id="aopHello" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloImpl"></bean> <!-- aop支持类实例化 -->
<bean id="helloAspect" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloAspect"></bean> <!-- aop配置 -->
<aop:config>
<aop:aspect ref="helloAspect">
<!-- 前置通知(简单) -->
<aop:before pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayHello(..))"
method="beforeAdvice"/>
<!-- 前置通知(复杂) -->
<aop:before pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayBefore(..)) and args(param)"
method="beforeAdvice(java.lang.String)"
arg-names="param"/>
<!-- 后置返回通知 -->
<aop:after-returning pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterReturning(..))"
method="afterReturningAdvice"
arg-names="retVal"
returning="retVal"/>
<!-- 后置异常通知 -->
<aop:after-throwing pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterThrowing(..))"
method="afterThrowingAdvice"
arg-names="exception"
throwing="exception"/>
<!-- 后置最终通知 -->
<aop:after pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterFinnally(..))"
method="afterFinnallyAdvice"/>
<!-- 环绕通知 -->
<aop:around pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAround(..))"
method="aroundAdvice"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

测试

public class HelloTest {

    private static Hello hello;

    static {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
hello = context.getBean(Hello.class);
} @Test
public void testSayBefore() {
hello.sayBefore("opjuy");
} @Test
public void testSayAfterReturning() {
hello.sayAfterReturning("opjuy");
} @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void testSayAfterThrowing() {
hello.sayAfterThrowing();
} @Test
public void testSayAfterFinnally() {
hello.sayAfterFinnally();
} @Test
public void testSayAround() {
hello.sayAround("around");
}
}

三、AOP注解配置

使用@AspectJ风格的注解配置,首先须添加如下配置:

<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />  

具体使用步骤如下:

1)使用@Aspect将切面支持类声明为切面,并实例化bean

@Aspect()
public class Aspect{
……
}
<bean id="aspect" class="……Aspect"/>  

2)使用@Pointcut+方法(方法必须是返回void类型)声明切入点

@Pointcut(value="切入点表达式", argNames = "参数名列表")
public void pointcutName(……) {}

3)声明通知

@Before(value = "切入点表达式或命名切入点", argNames = "参数列表参数名")
@AfterReturning(value="切入点表达式或命名切入点", pointcut="切入点表达式或命名切入点", argNames="参数列表参数名", returning="返回值对应参数名")
@AfterThrowing (value="切入点表达式或命名切入点", pointcut="切入点表达式或命名切入点", argNames="参数列表参数名", throwing="异常对应参数名")
@After (value="切入点表达式或命名切入点", argNames="参数列表参数名")
@Around (value="切入点表达式或命名切入点", argNames="参数列表参数名")

注意:

i)value和pointcut均可指定切入点表达式或命名切入点,如两者同时指定,则pointcut覆盖value

ii)使用命名切入点时,须指定切入点名及其参数,若无参数,括号也不可省略,如:

  错误:@Before(value = "pointcut1")

  正确:@Before(value = "pointcut1()")

  正确:@Before(value = "pointcut2(param)", argNames = "param")

具体实例如下:

目标接口及实现,同xml配置实例

AOP支持类

@Aspect
public class HelloAspect { // 切点1
@Pointcut(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayHello(..))")
public void pointcut1() {} // 切点2
@Pointcut(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayBefore(..)) && args(param)", argNames = "param")
public void pointcut2(String param) {} // 前置通知(简单)
@Before(value = "pointcut1()")
public void beforeAdvice() {
System.out.println("****beforeAdvice");
} // 前置通知(复杂)
@Before(value = "pointcut2(param)", argNames = "param")
public void beforeAdvice(String param) {
System.out.println("****beforeAdvice " + param);
} // 后置返回通知
@AfterReturning(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterReturning(..))", argNames = "retVal", returning = "retVal")
public void afterReturningAdvice(String retVal) {
System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice " + retVal);
} // 后置异常通知
@AfterThrowing(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterThrowing(..))", argNames = "ex", throwing = "ex")
public void afterThrowingAdvice(Exception ex) {
System.out.println("****afterThrowingAdvice " + ex.getMessage());
} // 后置最终通知
@After(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterFinnally(..))")
public void afterFinnallyAdvice() {
System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice ");
} // 环绕通知
@Around(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAround(..))")
public Object aroundAdvice(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("===========around before advice");
Object retVal = pjp.proceed(new Object[] {"replace"});
System.out.println("===========around after advice");
return retVal;
}
}

AOP配置

    <!-- 目标类实例化 -->
<bean id="aopHello" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloImpl"></bean> <!-- aop支持类实例化 -->
<bean id="helloAspect" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloAspect"></bean> <!-- 开启aop注解支持 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>

测试,同xml配置实例

参考:

第六章  AOP 之 6.1 AOP基础 ——跟我学spring3

第六章  AOP 之 6.2 AOP的HelloWorld ——跟我学spring3

第六章  AOP 之 6.3 基于Schema的AOP ——跟我学spring3

第六章  AOP 之 6.4 基于@AspectJ的AOP ——跟我学spring3