【Python31--pickle函数】

时间:2022-05-22 09:24:36

一、含义

1、pickle的实质是什么

答:利用一些算法把数据对象转换成“二进制文件”,存储在硬盘上,当然也可以放在数据库或者是另外一台计算机上

2、存放:picking,读取:unpicking

3、把my_list 的数据放到pickle_file文件内

>>> import pickle
>>> my_list = [123,3.14,'尘封',['another list']]
>>> pickle_file = open('my_list.pkl','wb')
>>> pickle.dump(my_list,pickle_file) #dump():把my_list的数据放到pickle_file文件内
>>> pickle_file.close()
#把写入硬盘的数据在读取出来(用到load函数)
>>> pickle_file = open('my_list.pkl','rb')
>>> my_list2 = pickle.load(pickle_file)
>>> print(my_list2)
[123, 3.14, '尘封', ['another list']]
>>>

4、天气查询接口

用中国天气网的接口:http://m.weather.com.cn/data/城市代码.html,然后就是用key找value,在打印出来

接口:http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city=北京
返回的结果:
{"desc":"OK","status":1000,"data":{"wendu":"","ganmao":"风较大,较易发生感冒,注意防护。","forecast":[{"fengxiang":"北风","fengli":"5-6级","high":"高温 24℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 11℃","date":"3日星期六"},{"fengxiang":"北风","fengli":"4-5级","high":"高温 19℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 8℃","date":"4日星期日"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 21℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 9℃","date":"5日星期一"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 21℃","type":"多云","low":"低温 10℃","date":"6日星期二"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 24℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 12℃","date":"7日星期三"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 23℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 11℃","date":"8日星期四"}],"yesterday":{"fl":"微风","fx":"无持续风向","high":"高温 23℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 12℃","date":"2日星期五"},"aqi":"","city":"北京"}}
***********************************************
代码编写依据返回的结果来确定参数
import urllib.request
import gzip
import json print('-----------天气查询---------------')
def get_weather_data():
city_name = input('请输入城市名称:')
#url_name:输入城市名(其中urllib.parse.quote是将城市名转换为url的组件),url_cityKey:输入城市代码
url_name = 'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city='+urllib.parse.quote(city_name)
#url_cityKey = 'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?citykey=101010100' #读取网页数据,
weather_data = urllib.request.urlopen(url_name).read()
#解压网页数据:
weather_data = gzip.decompress(weather_data).decode('utf-8')
#将json数据转换为dict数据
weather_dict= json.loads(weather_data) return weather_dict #定义当前天气输出格式
def show_weather(weather_data):
weather_dict = weather_data
if weather_dict.get('desc') == 'invilad-citykey':
print('你输入的城市有误或者天气中心未收录你所在城市')
elif weather_dict.get('desc') == 'OK':
forecast = weather_dict.get('data').get('forecast')
print('城市:',weather_dict.get('data').get('city'))
print('温度:',weather_dict.get('data').get('wendu')+'℃ ')
print('风向:',forecast[0].get('fengxiang'))
print('分级:',forecast[0].get('fengli'))
print('高温:',forecast[0].get('hign'))
print('低温',forecast[0].get('low'))
print('天气:',forecast[0].get('type'))
print('日期:',forecast[0].get('date'))
print('*******************************') four_day_forecast = input('是否显示未来四天的天气!')
if four_day_forecast == 'yes'or'YES'or'Yes':
for i in range(1,5):
print('日期:', forecast[i].get('date'))
print('温度:', weather_dict.get('data').get('wendu') + '℃ ')
print('风向:', forecast[i].get('fengxiang'))
print('分级:', forecast[i].get('fengli'))
print('高温:', forecast[i].get('high'))
print('低温:', forecast[i].get('low'))
print('---------------------------------')
print('********************************************') show_weather(get_weather_data())

5、使用pickle的什么方法存储数据

pickle.dump(data.file) (data:待存储的数据对象,file:目标存储的文件对象,注意:在使用这个函数之前先使用open文件和‘wb’)

6、使用pickle的什么方法读取数据

pickle.load(file) (参数是目标存储的文件对象,注意要先使用‘rb’的open文件)

7、编写一个程序,这次要求使用pickle将文件(record.txt)里的对话按照以下要求腌制成不同文件

#小甲鱼的对话单独保存为boy_*.txt的文件(去掉“小甲鱼:”)

#小客服的对话单独保存期girl_*.txt的文件(去掉“小客服:”)

#文件*有三段对话,分别保存为boy_1.txt,girl_1.txt,boy_2.txt,girl_2.txt,boy_3.txt,girl_3.txt共6个文件(提示:文件中不同的对话间已经使用“===========”分割)

import pickle

def save_file(boy,gril,count):

    boy_file_name = 'boy'+str(count)+'.txt'
gril_file_name = 'gril'+str(count)+'.txt' boy_file = open(boy_file_name,'wb')
gril_file = open(gril_file_name,'wb') pickle.dump(boy,boy_file)
pickle.dump(gril,gril_file) boy_file.close()
gril_file.close() def open_file(file_name):
count = 0
boy = []
gril = [] f = open(file_name) for each_line in f:
if each_line[:6]!= '========':
(role,each_spken) = each_line.split(':',1)
if role == '小甲鱼':
boy.append(each_spken)
if role == '小客服':
gril.append(each_spken)
else:
save_file(boy, gril, count) boy = []
gril = []
count += 1 save_file(boy, gril, count)
f.close() open_file('record.txt')