WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

时间:2021-04-05 17:41:07

.NET WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

项目背景是一个社区类的APP(求轻吐...),博主主要负责后台业务及接口。以前没玩过webAPI,但是领导要求必须用这个(具体原因鬼知道),只好硬着头皮上了。

 

最近刚做完权限这一块,分享出来给大家。欢迎各种吐槽批判践踏...

 

先说说用户身份的识别,简单的做了一个token机制。用户登录,后台产生令牌,发放令牌,用户携带令牌访问...

1.cache管理类,由于博主使用的HttpRuntime.Cache来存储token,IIS重启或者意外关闭等情况会造成cache清空,只好在数据库做了cache的备份,在cache为空的时候查询数据库是否有cache数据,有则是cache被意外清空,需要重新放在cache中。

WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制
    /// <summary>
/// 缓存管理
/// 将令牌、用户凭证以及过期时间的关系数据存放于Cache中
/// </summary>
public class CacheManager
{
private static readonly ITempCacheService tempCacheService = ServiceLocator.Instance.GetService<ITempCacheService>();
/// <summary>
/// 初始化缓存数据结构
/// </summary>
/// token 令牌
/// uuid 用户ID凭证
/// userType 用户类别
/// timeout 过期时间
/// <remarks>
/// </remarks>
private static void CacheInit()
{
if (HttpRuntime.Cache["PASSPORT.TOKEN"] == null)
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable();

dt.Columns.Add("token", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns["token"].Unique = true;

dt.Columns.Add("uuid", Type.GetType("System.Object"));
dt.Columns["uuid"].DefaultValue = null;

dt.Columns.Add("userType", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns["userType"].DefaultValue = null;

dt.Columns.Add("timeout", Type.GetType("System.DateTime"));
dt.Columns["timeout"].DefaultValue = DateTime.Now.AddDays(7);

DataColumn[] keys = new DataColumn[1];
keys[0] = dt.Columns["token"];
dt.PrimaryKey = keys;

var tempCaches = tempCacheService.GetAllCaches();
if (tempCaches.Any())
{
foreach (var tempCacheDTOShow in tempCaches)
{
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["token"] = tempCacheDTOShow.UserToken;
dr["uuid"] = tempCacheDTOShow.UserAccountId;
dr["userType"] = tempCacheDTOShow.UserType.ToString();
dr["timeout"] = tempCacheDTOShow.EndTime;
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
}
}

//Cache的过期时间为 令牌过期时间*2
HttpRuntime.Cache.Insert("PASSPORT.TOKEN", dt, null, DateTime.MaxValue, TimeSpan.FromDays(7 * 2));
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 获取用户UUID标识
/// </summary>
/// <param name="token"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Guid GetUUID(string token)
{
CacheInit();

DataTable dt = (DataTable)HttpRuntime.Cache["PASSPORT.TOKEN"];
DataRow[] dr = dt.Select("token = '" + token + "'");
if (dr.Length > 0)
{
return new Guid(dr[0]["uuid"].ToString());
}
return Guid.Empty;
}

/// <summary>
/// 获取用户类别(分为员工、企业、客服、管理员等,后期做权限验证使用)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="token"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetUserType(string token)
{
CacheInit();

DataTable dt = (DataTable)HttpRuntime.Cache["PASSPORT.TOKEN"];
DataRow[] dr = dt.Select("token = '" + token + "'");
if (dr.Length > 0)
{
return dr[0]["userType"].ToString();
}
return null;
}

/// <summary>
/// 判断令牌是否存在
/// </summary>
/// <param name="token">令牌</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool TokenIsExist(string token)
{
CacheInit();

DataTable dt = (DataTable)HttpRuntime.Cache["PASSPORT.TOKEN"];
DataRow[] dr = dt.Select("token = '" + token + "'");
if (dr.Length > 0)
{
var timeout = DateTime.Parse(dr[0]["timeout"].ToString());
if (timeout > DateTime.Now)
{
return true;
}
else
{
RemoveToken(token);
return false;
}
}
return false;
}

/// <summary>
/// 移除某令牌
/// </summary>
/// <param name="token"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool RemoveToken(string token)
{
CacheInit();

DataTable dt = (DataTable)HttpRuntime.Cache["PASSPORT.TOKEN"];
DataRow[] dr = dt.Select("token = '" + token + "'");
if (dr.Length > 0)
{
dt.Rows.Remove(dr[0]);
}
return true;
}

/// <summary>
/// 更新令牌过期时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="token">令牌</param>
/// <param name="time">过期时间</param>
public static void TokenTimeUpdate(string token, DateTime time)
{
CacheInit();

DataTable dt = (DataTable)HttpRuntime.Cache["PASSPORT.TOKEN"];
DataRow[] dr = dt.Select("token = '" + token + "'");
if (dr.Length > 0)
{
dr[0]["timeout"] = time;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 添加令牌
/// </summary>
/// <param name="token">令牌</param>
/// <param name="uuid">用户ID凭证</param>
/// <param name="userType">用户类别</param>
/// <param name="timeout">过期时间</param>
public static void TokenInsert(string token, object uuid, string userType, DateTime timeout)
{
CacheInit();

// token不存在则添加
if (!TokenIsExist(token))
{
DataTable dt = (DataTable)HttpRuntime.Cache["PASSPORT.TOKEN"];
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["token"] = token;
dr["uuid"] = uuid;
dr["userType"] = userType;
dr["timeout"] = timeout;
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
HttpRuntime.Cache["PASSPORT.TOKEN"] = dt;

tempCacheService.Add_TempCaches(new List<TempCacheDTO_ADD>()
{
new TempCacheDTO_ADD()
{
EndTime = timeout,
UserAccountId = new Guid(uuid.ToString()),
UserToken = new Guid(token),
UserType = (UserType)Enum.Parse(typeof(UserType),userType)
}
});
}
// token存在则更新过期时间
else
{
TokenTimeUpdate(token, timeout);

tempCacheService.Update_TempCaches(new Guid(token), timeout);
}
}

}
WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

2.接下来就是对用户携带的token进行验证了,通过继承ActionFilterAttribute来实现,在这里还需要考虑到匿名访问API,对于部分API,是允许匿名访问(不登录访问)的。所以,先写一个代表匿名的Attribute:

WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制
    /// <summary>
/// 匿名访问标记
/// </summary>
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class AnonymousAttribute : Attribute
{
}
WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

然后给允许匿名访问的Action打上[Anonymous]标签就OK,再来看我们的token验证代码:

WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制
    /// <summary>
/// 用户令牌验证/// </summary>
public class TokenProjectorAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
{
private const string UserToken = "token";
private readonly IAccountInfoService accountInfoService = ServiceLocator.Instance.GetService<IAccountInfoService>();
private readonly ITempCacheService tempCacheService = ServiceLocator.Instance.GetService<ITempCacheService>();

public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
// 匿名访问验证
var anonymousAction = actionContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes<AnonymousAttribute>();
if (!anonymousAction.Any())
{
// 验证token
var token = TokenVerification(actionContext);
}

base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
}

/// <summary>
/// 身份令牌验证
/// </summary>
/// <param name="actionContext"></param>
protected virtual string TokenVerification(HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
// 获取token
var token = GetToken(actionContext.ActionArguments, actionContext.Request.Method);

// 判断token是否有效
if (!CacheManager.TokenIsExist(token))
{
throw new UserLoginException("Token已失效,请重新登陆!");
}

// 判断用户是否被冻结
if (accountInfoService.Exist_User_IsForzen(AccountHelper.GetUUID(token)))
{
CacheManager.RemoveToken(token);
tempCacheService.Delete_OneTempCaches(new Guid(token));
throw new UserLoginException("此用户已被冻结,请联系客服!");
}

return token;
}

private string GetToken(Dictionary<string, object> actionArguments, HttpMethod type)
{
var token = "";

if (type == HttpMethod.Post)
{
foreach (var value in actionArguments.Values)
{
token = value.GetType().GetProperty(UserToken) == null
? GetToken(actionArguments, HttpMethod.Get)
: value.GetType().GetProperty(UserToken).GetValue(value).ToString();
}
}
else if (type == HttpMethod.Get)
{
if (!actionArguments.ContainsKey(UserToken))
{
throw new Exception("未附带token!");
}

if (actionArguments[UserToken] != null)
{
token = actionArguments[UserToken].ToString();
}
else
{
throw new Exception("token不能为空!");
}
}
else
{
throw new Exception("暂未开放其它访问方式!");
}

return token;
}
}
WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

这里对GetToken方法做一下解释:

1.博主只做了POST与GET方法的验证,其他请求未使用也就没做,欢迎大家补充

2.POST方式里面的回调是解决POST请求接口只有一个简单参数的情况,例如下面的接口:

WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制
        /// <summary>
/// 手动向新用户推送短信
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpPost]
[Route("api/Common/PushNewUserSMS")]public PushNewWorkSMSResult PushNewUserSMS([FromBody]string token)
{
sendMessagesService.PushNewUserSMS();
return new PushNewWorkSMSResult() { Code = 0 };
}
WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

当然,POST方式一般都会把参数写进一个类里,对于一个参数的情况,博主不喜欢那么干。这么写,需要AJAX提交时空变量名才能获取:

WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制
    // 推送新用户营销短信
function pushNewUserSMS() {
$(".tuiguang").unbind("click");
// 注意下面的参数为空“” $.post(Config.Api.Common.PushNewUserSMS, { "": $.cookie("MPCBtoken") }, function (data) {
if (data.Code == 0) {
alert("发送成功!");
_initDatas();
} else {
Config.Method.JudgeCode(data, 1);
}
});
}
WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

这样,我们就只需要在每个controller上打上[TokenProjector]标签,再在允许匿名的Action上打上[Anonymous]标签就能轻松的搞定token验证了。

3.除了token验证外呢,我门还想对Action进行用户角色的控制,比如一个获取登录用户钱包余额的Action(A),肯定只有员工、企业才能访问,管理员、客服没有钱包,所以不允许访问,从业务上应该是去访问另外一个获取指定用户钱包余额的Action(B),当然这个Action又不能对员工、企业开放权限。这就涉及到需要实现一个控制Action访问权限的功能,上面我们对用户的token进行了验证,那么拿到token就拿到了用户基本信息(包括角色),那就只需要做一个对Action的权限标注就能解决问题了,我们先写一个代表权限控制的Attribute:

WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制
    /// <summary>
/// 权限控制标记
/// </summary>
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = true)]
public class ModuleAuthorizationAttribute : Attribute
{
public ModuleAuthorizationAttribute(params string[] authorization)
{
this.Authorizations = authorization;
}

/// <summary>
/// 允许访问角色
/// </summary>
public string[] Authorizations { get; set; }
}
WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

在每个需要权限控制的Action上打上[ModuleAuthorization]标签,并注明访问角色:

WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制
        /// <summary>
/// 获取钱包余额
/// </summary>
/// <param name="token"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Account/GetWalletBalance")]
[ModuleAuthorization(new[] { "Staff", "Enterprise" })]
public GetWalletBalanceResult GetWalletBalance(string token)
{
var result = this.walletService.Get_Wallet_Balance(AccountHelper.GetUUID(token));
return new GetWalletBalanceResult()
{
Code = 0,
Balance = result
};
}

/// <summary>
/// 管理员
/// 处理提现申请
/// </summary>
/// <param name="handleTempWithdrawalsModel"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpPost]
[Route("api/Account/HandleTempWithdrawals")]
[ModuleAuthorization(new[] { "PlatformCustomer" })]
public HandleTempWithdrawalsResult HandleTempWithdrawals(
[FromBody] HandleTempWithdrawalsModel handleTempWithdrawalsModel)
{
walletService.Handle_TempWithdrawals(AccountHelper.GetUUID(handleTempWithdrawalsModel.token),
handleTempWithdrawalsModel.message, handleTempWithdrawalsModel.tempID,
handleTempWithdrawalsModel.isSuccess);
return new HandleTempWithdrawalsResult() { Code = 0 };
}
WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

然后我们修改TokenProjectorAttribute这个类,在验证token后做权限验证,权限验证方法如下:

WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制
        /// <summary>
/// Action 访问权限验证
/// </summary>
/// <param name="token">身份令牌</param>
/// <param name="actionContext"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected virtual void AuthorizeCore(string token, HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
// 权限控制Action验证
var moduleAuthorizationAction = actionContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes<ModuleAuthorizationAttribute>();
if (moduleAuthorizationAction.Any())
{
var userRole = AccountHelper.GetUserType(token);
if (!moduleAuthorizationAction[0].Authorizations.Contains(userRole.ToString()))
{
throw new Exception("用户非法跨权限访问,token:" + token);
}
}
}
WebAPI 用ActionFilterAttribute实现token令牌验证与对Action的权限控制

 

OK,终于实现了webAPI对用户令牌与Action权限的验证。

 

当然,博主也是刚接触webAPI,再者业务需求较简单,如有不对之处,欢迎大家指出,必定虚心求教。

  分类: Web API