Web API 2:Action的返回类型

时间:2022-03-29 17:11:09

Web API 2:Action的返回类型

Web API控制器中的Action方法有如下几种返回类型:

  1. void
  2. HttpResponseMessage
  3. IHttpActionResult
  4. 其它类型

基于上面几种不同的返回类型,Web API创建HTTP响应消息的机制也不同。

返回类型 Web API创建HTTP响应消息的机制
void 返回HTTP状态码204(无内容)
HttpResponseMessage 直接转换成HTTP响应消息
IHttpActionResult 调用接口的ExecuteAsync方法创建一个HttpResponseMessage对象,然后转换成HTTP响应消息
其它类型 把序列化后的返回值写入响应正文,并且返回HTTP状态码200(OK)
下面详细介绍几种返回类型

void

如果返回类型是void, Web API 会返回一个HTTP状态码204(无内容)的空HTTP响应消息
示例代码:
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
    public class ReturnValueDemoController : ApiController
{
//返回类型为void
public void Get()
{
}
}
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
HTTP响应消息:
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: -1
Server: Microsoft-IIS/8.0
X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
X-SourceFiles: =?UTF-8?B?RTpcV29ya1NwYWNlXERvdE5ldFxNdmNEZW1vXE12Y0RlbW8uV2ViVUlcYXBpXFJldHVyblZhbHVlRGVtbw==?=
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 2015 14:34:09 GMT
Web API 2:Action的返回类型

HttpResponseMessage

如果返回类型是HttpResponseMessage ,Web API直接把返回值转换成HTTP响应消息,HttpResponseMessage对象的属性对应响应消息的属性。你可以灵活的设置响应标头和响应正文,这就给了你对响应消息的更大的控制权。如下例:
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
 public class ReturnValueDemoController : ApiController
{
//返回类型为HttpResponseMessage
public HttpResponseMessage Get()
{
HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode .OK, "hello");
response.Content = new StringContent ( "hello wep api", Encoding .Unicode);
response.Headers.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue
{
MaxAge = TimeSpan .FromSeconds(600)
};
return response;
}
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
响应:
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: max-age=600
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-16
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Server: Microsoft-IIS/8.0
X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
X-SourceFiles: =?UTF-8?B?RTpcV29ya1NwYWNlXERvdE5ldFxNdmNEZW1vXE12Y0RlbW8uV2ViVUlcYXBpXFJldHVyblZhbHVlRGVtbw==?=
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 2015 15:14:05 GMT
Content-Length: 26 hello wep api
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
如果你给CreateResponse方法传入了一个领域模型, Web API就会把序列化后的领域模型写入响应正文。
示例:
    public HttpResponseMessage Get()
{
IQueryable <Product > products = repository.GetProducts();
HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode .OK, products);
return response;
}
响应:
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Expires: -1
Server: Microsoft-IIS/8.0
X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
X-SourceFiles: =?UTF-8?B?RTpcV29ya1NwYWNlXERvdE5ldFxNdmNEZW1vXE12Y0RlbW8uV2ViVUlcYXBpXFJldHVyblZhbHVlRGVtbw==?=
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 2015 15:37:51 GMT
Content-Length: 264 [{"ProductId":1,"Name":" 苹果","Description":null,"Price":1.0,"Category":"水果"},{"ProductId":2,"Name":"鼠标","Description":null,"Price":50.0,"Category":"电脑配件"},{"ProductId":3,"Name":"洗发水","Description":null,"Price":20.0,"Category":"日用品"}]
Web API 2:Action的返回类型

IHttpActionResult

IHttpActionResult接口是在Web API 2才引入进来的,本质上,它定义了一个HttpResponseMessage工厂类。IHttpActionResult接口只定义了一个ExecuteAsync方法,该方法异步方式创建一个HttpResponseMessage实例。
public interface IHttpActionResult
{
Task<HttpResponseMessage> ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
}
如果控制器的Action返回类型是IHttpActionResult,Web API就会调用接口的ExecuteAsync方法创建一个HttpResponseMessage对象,然后转换成HTTP响应消息。以下是一个IHttpActionResult接口的实现,它创建了一个普通文本响应消息。
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
public class PlainTextResult : IHttpActionResult
{
private string text;
private HttpRequestMessage request; public PlainTextResult(string text, HttpRequestMessage request)
{
this .text = text;
this .request = request;
}
public Task < HttpResponseMessage> ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
HttpResponseMessage response=new HttpResponseMessage
{
Content = new StringContent (text, Encoding.Unicode),
RequestMessage = request
};
return Task .FromResult(response);
}
}
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
控制器Action代码:
//返回类型是IHttpActionResult
public IHttpActionResult Get()
{
return new PlainTextResult( "plain text result" ,Request);
}
响应:
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-16
Expires: -1
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Server: Microsoft-IIS/8.0
X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
X-SourceFiles: =?UTF-8?B?RTpcV29ya1NwYWNlXERvdE5ldFxNdmNEZW1vXE12Y0RlbW8uV2ViVUlcYXBpXFJldHVyblZhbHVlRGVtbw==?=
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 2015 16:17:30 GMT
Content-Length: 34 plain text result
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
通常情况下,你无须自己去实现IHttpActionResult接口, 在System.Web.Http.Results命名空间下已经包含了很多实现该接口的Action返回类型。ApiContoller类也定义了很多方法获取这些内置的Action返回类型。
在下面的例子里,如果没有找到某个产品,控制器调用ApiController.NotFound方法创建一个404 (Not Found)的响应消息。
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: -1
Server: Microsoft-IIS/8.0
X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
X-SourceFiles: =?UTF-8?B?RTpcV29ya1NwYWNlXERvdE5ldFxNdmNEZW1vXE12Y0RlbW8uV2ViVUlcYXBpXFJldHVyblZhbHVlRGVtb1w1?=
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 2015 16:54:21 GMT
Content-Length: 0
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
如果找到了,控制器调用ApiController.OK方法创建一个HTTP状态码200(OK)响应正文是产品信息的响应消息。
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Expires: -1
Server: Microsoft-IIS/8.0
X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
X-SourceFiles: =?UTF-8?B?RTpcV29ya1NwYWNlXERvdE5ldFxNdmNEZW1vXE12Y0RlbW8uV2ViVUlcYXBpXFJldHVyblZhbHVlRGVtb1wx?=
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 2015 16:53:16 GMT
Content-Length: 82 {"ProductId":1,"Name":" 苹果","Description":null,"Price":1.0,"Category":"水果"}
Web API 2:Action的返回类型

其它返回类型

对于其它的返回类型,Web API会对返回值序列化,然后把序列化后的返回值写入到响应正文里,并且响应状态码是200(OK)。   
public IQueryable < Product> GetpProducts()
{
return repository.GetProducts();
}
响应:
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Expires: -1
Server: Microsoft-IIS/8.0
X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
X-SourceFiles: =?UTF-8?B?RTpcV29ya1NwYWNlXERvdE5ldFxNdmNEZW1vXE12Y0RlbW8uV2ViVUlcYXBpXFJldHVyblZhbHVlRGVtb1w=?=
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 2015 17:03:13 GMT
Content-Length: 264 [{"ProductId":1,"Name":" 苹果","Description":null,"Price":1.0,"Category":"水果"},{"ProductId":2,"Name":"鼠标","Description":null,"Price":50.0,"Category":"电脑配件"},{"ProductId":3,"Name":"洗发水","Description":null,"Price":20.0,"Category":"日用品"}]
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
使用这种返回类型的一个缺点就是你不能直接返回一个错误代码,例如404。不过,你可以通过抛出HttpResponseException异常来解决这个问题。
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
public Product GetProductById( int id)
{
Product product = repository.GetProductById(id);
if (product==null )
throw new HttpResponseException ( HttpStatusCode.NotFound); return product;
}
Web API 2:Action的返回类型
 
分类: WebAPI
标签: WebAPI