Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

时间:2021-03-13 14:35:00

1 模板表单

  模型通过指令隐式创建

  技巧01:需要在模块级别引入 FormsModule ,通常在共享模块中引入再导出,然后在需要用到 FormsModule 的模块中导入共享模块就可以啦

import { FormsModule, ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common'; import {
MdToolbarModule,
MdIconModule,
MdButtonModule,
MdCardModule,
MdInputModule,
MdListModule,
MdSlideToggleModule,
MdGridListModule,
MdDialogModule,
MdAutocompleteModule,
MdMenuModule,
MdCheckboxModule,
MdTooltipModule,
MdRadioModule,
MdDatepickerModule,
MdNativeDateModule,
MdSelectModule,
} from '@angular/material';
import { ConfirmDialogComponent } from './confirm-dialog/confirm-dialog.component';
import { DirectiveModule } from '../directive/directive.module';
import { FormsModule, ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms'; @NgModule({
imports: [
CommonModule,
FormsModule,
ReactiveFormsModule,
MdToolbarModule,
MdIconModule,
MdButtonModule,
MdCardModule,
MdInputModule,
MdListModule,
MdSlideToggleModule,
MdGridListModule,
MdDialogModule,
MdAutocompleteModule,
MdMenuModule,
MdCheckboxModule,
MdTooltipModule,
MdRadioModule,
MdDatepickerModule,
MdNativeDateModule,
MdSelectModule,
DirectiveModule
],
declarations: [ConfirmDialogComponent],
entryComponents: [ ConfirmDialogComponent ],
exports: [
CommonModule,
FormsModule,
ReactiveFormsModule,
MdToolbarModule,
MdIconModule,
MdButtonModule,
MdCardModule,
MdInputModule,
MdListModule,
MdSlideToggleModule,
MdGridListModule,
MdDialogModule,
MdAutocompleteModule,
MdMenuModule,
MdCheckboxModule,
MdTooltipModule,
MdRadioModule,
MdDatepickerModule,
MdNativeDateModule,
MdSelectModule,
DirectiveModule
]
})
export class SharedModule { }

  1.1 指令

    NgForm

      隐式创建一个FormGroup实例

      NgForm指令会为表单元素创建一个表单控件对象FormControl的集合,用来存放标有NgModel指令的表单对象

    NgModel

      隐式创建一个FormControl实例

      该指令需要配合name属性使用

      绑定了NgModel指令的表单控件会根据该表单控件的name属性来为来创建一个FormControl对象,并存放到FormControl的集合中

    NgModelGroup

      隐式创建一个FromGroup实例

      该指令需要进行赋值

      多个表单对象组成的一个FormControl的集合

  代码截图

Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

  效果截图

    Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

  1.2 编程步骤

    1.2.1 利用 ngModel 实现双向绑定

      》在组件控制类中创建变量 desc    

  desc: string = 'hello boy';

      》在组件模板中通过 ngModel实现表单元素和控制类中变量desc的双向绑定

        技巧01:最好为表单元素的name属性设置一个值,因为如果该表单元素在form表单内部没有为表单元素的name赋值时就会报错;原因是angular会默认给form元素自动添加ngForm指令,而标注有ngForm指令的元素内部如果有元素标注了ngModel就必须为其name属性赋值

        Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

    1.2.2 ngModel指令详解

      官方文档:点击前往

      [(ngModel)] 其实是 ngModel 和 (onModelChange)的简便写法;ngModel右边是一个控制器变量,(onModelChange)右边是一个处理触发事件的方法

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">模板表单</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<md-input-container>
<input mdInput placeholder="随便输入点内容" #a="ngModel" ngModel="desc" (ngModelChange)="desc=a.value" name="desc" />
<button type="button" md-icon-button mdSuffix (click)="onTestNgModelClick()">
<md-icon>done</md-icon>
</button>
</md-input-container>
<div>
<h3>名为desc的表单控件的值为:{{ a.value }}</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel-footer">2018-1-22 10:19:31</div>
</div>

2 响应式表单

  详解请参见:《Angular2 开发实战 基于TypeScript》

  开发步骤:在TS文件中创建模型  -> 利用指令将HTML元素和模型关联起来

  Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

  Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

<form [formGroup]="formModel" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit()">
<md-card color="primary">
<md-card-header>
<md-card-title>登录</md-card-title>
</md-card-header>
<md-card-content>
<md-input-container color="primary" class="full-width">
<input mdInput formControlName="username" type="text" placeholder="请输入登录名称" />
</md-input-container>
<md-input-container color="primary" class="full-width">
<input mdInput formControlName="password" type="text" placeholder="请输入登录密码" />
</md-input-container>
<br />
<button color="primary" type="submit" style="margin: 0 auto;display: block;" md-raised-button >登录</button>
<!--<button color="primary" style="margin: 0 auto;display: block;" md-raised-button [routerLink]="['/home']">登录</button>-->
</md-card-content>
<md-card-actions class="text-right">
<p>还没注册?<a>注册</a></p>
<p>忘记密码?<a>找回密码</a></p>
</md-card-actions>
</md-card>
</form>
<hr >

HTML

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import {FormControl, FormGroup} from '@angular/forms'; @Component({
selector: 'app-login',
templateUrl: './login.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./login.component.scss']
})
export class LoginComponent implements OnInit {
formModel: FormGroup; constructor() { } ngOnInit() {
this.formModel = new FormGroup({
username: new FormControl('warrior'),
password: new FormControl('182838')
});
} onSubmit(value: any) {
console.log(JSON.stringify(this.formModel.value));
} }

TS

  2.1 FormGroup

    一个FormGroup是一个或多个FromControl组成

    官方文档:点击前往

    2.1.1 常用的属性和方法

      》valid : 验证 FormGroup 的有效性

      》value :FromGroup中所有FromControl值

      》get :获取单个的FormControl

get(path: Array<string|number>|string): AbstractControl|null

      》controls:获取单个或多个FormControl,该方法一般用于动态给某个或某几个FormControl动态添加验证方法,或者获取某个FormControl的错误信息

this.loginForm.controls['password']

      例1:动态添加验证方法

this.loginForm.controls['password'].setValidators(this.fury);

      例2:获取错误信息

<h4>hello:{{ testForm.controls['email'].errors | json }}</h4>

      》hasError :判断目标FormControl中某一个验证是否通过,返回true表示没有通过

hasError(errorCode: string, path?: string[]): boolean

      》getError : 获取某个验证器的验证结果

        Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

        Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

      技巧01:hasError和getError的书写格式时一样的,都是hasError('验证器对应的关键字',‘被验证元素的路径’),这里的验证对应的键值就是验证器源代码中返回的那个对象中的键,本案例中就是phoneValidator

  2.2 FormControl

    代表单个表单元素

    官方文档:点击前往

    2.2.1 常用属性和方法

      》valid :验证FormControl是否有效

      》value :获取FormControl对应元素内容

      》errors :FormControl的错误信息(前提:需要为该FormControl添加过滤器)

      》touched:验证FormControl是否接触过

      》setValidators:添加验证器

this.loginForm.controls['password'].setValidators(this.fury);

  2.3 FormGroup、FormControl综合应用

    2.3.1 综合运用01

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

    <div>
<h2>表单整体信息如下:</h2>
<h4>表单数据有效性:{{testForm.valid}}</h4>
<h4>表单数据为:{{testForm.value | json}}</h4>
<hr />
<h2>email输入框的信息如下:</h2>
<h4>有效性:{{testForm.get('email').valid}}</h4>
<h4>email输入框的错误信息为:{{testForm.get('email').errors | json}}</h4>
<h4>required验证结果:{{testForm.hasError('required', 'email') | json}}</h4>
<h4>minLength验证结果:{{ testForm.hasError('minLength', 'email') | json }}</h4>
<hr />
<h2>password输入框啊的信息如下:</h2>
<h4>有效性:{{testForm.get('password').valid}}</h4>
<h4>password输入框的错误信息为:{{testForm.get('password').errors | json }}</h4>
<h4>required验证结果:{{testForm.hasError('required', 'password') | json}}</h4>
</div>

    2.3.2 综合运用02

<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">响应式表单</div>
<div class="panel-body test_form_div">
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
<mat-card class="test_form_card">
<mat-card-header>
<mat-card-title>客户信息录入</mat-card-title>
</mat-card-header>
<mat-card-content>
<form [formGroup]="testForm" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit()">
<mat-input-container>
<input matInput formControlName="idcard" placeholder="请输入身份证编号" />
<mat-error *ngIf="testForm.hasError('required', 'idcard')">
<span>证件编号是必填项</span>
</mat-error>
<mat-error *ngIf="testForm.hasError('idcardLengthValidator', 'idcard')">
<span>{{ testForm.getError('idcardLengthValidator', 'idcard')?.requiredLength }}</span>
</mat-error>
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container>
<input matInput formControlName="name" placeholder="请输入姓名" />
<mat-error *ngIf="testForm.hasError('required', 'name')">
<span>姓名是必填项</span>
</mat-error>
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container>
<input matInput formControlName="phone" placeholder="请输入联系电话" />
<mat-error *ngIf="testForm.hasError('required', 'phone')">
<span>联系电话是必填项</span>
</mat-error>
<mat-error *ngIf="testForm.hasError('phoneValidator', 'phone')">
<span>{{ testForm.getError('phoneValidator', 'phone')?.desc }}</span>
</mat-error>
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container>
<input matInput formControlName="address" placeholder="请输入上车地点" />
<mat-error *ngIf="testForm.hasError('required', 'address')">
<span>上车地址是必填项</span>
</mat-error>
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container>
<input matInput formControlName="hometown" placeholder="请输入籍贯" />
</mat-input-container>
<div class="submit">
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
<button mat-raised-button [disabled]="!testForm.valid">提交</button>
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
</div>
</form>
</mat-card-content>
<mat-card-actions>
<button mat-raised-button style="width: 100%;">取消</button>
</mat-card-actions>
</mat-card>
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
</div>
<div class="panel-footer">2018-3-7 09:15:50</div>
</div>

HTML

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup, FormBuilder, Validators } from '@angular/forms';
import { FormControl } from '../../../../node_modules/_@angular_forms@5.2.5@@angular/forms/src/model'; @Component({
selector: 'app-test02',
templateUrl: './test02.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./test02.component.scss']
})
export class Test02Component implements OnInit { testForm: FormGroup; constructor(
private formBuilder: FormBuilder
) { } ngOnInit() {
this.testForm = this.formBuilder.group({
idcard: ['500225199310031919', [Validators.required, Validators.maxLength(18), this.idcardLengthValidator], [] ],
name: ['王杨帅', [Validators.required], []],
phone: ['13272885616', [Validators.required, this.phoneValidator], []],
address: ['重庆市沙坪坝区三峡广场', [Validators.required], []],
hometown: ['重庆']
});
} onSubmit() {
console.log(this.testForm.value);
} myValidator(fc: FormControl, num: number): {[key: string]: any} {
const valid = fc.value === 'warrior';
return valid ? null : {myValidator: true}
}
idcardLengthValidator(fc: FormControl): {[key: string]: any} {
const valid = fc.value.length === 18;
return valid ? null : {idcardLengthValidator: {requiredLength: '身份证编号必须是18位数字'}};
}
phoneValidator(phone: FormControl): {[key: string]: any} {
const value = phone.value || '';
const valid = value.match(/^\d{11}$/);
return valid ? null : {phoneValidator: {desc:'联系电话必须是11位数字'}}
}
}

TS

    技巧01:如果时单独使用material的Input组件就直接用一个 mat-input-container 组件将 input 元素包含起来就行啦,而且一个 mat-input-container 只能包含一个 input 元素,例如

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

    技巧02: 如果实在 form 标签中使用 material 的 input 组件,官方是用 mat-form-field 将 input 元素包含起来的,一个 mat-form-field 也只能包含一个 input 组件,例如

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

  2.4 编程步骤

    2.4.1 在模块级别导入ReactiveFormsModule

import { FormsModule, ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common'; import {
MdToolbarModule,
MdIconModule,
MdButtonModule,
MdCardModule,
MdInputModule,
MdListModule,
MdSlideToggleModule,
MdGridListModule,
MdDialogModule,
MdAutocompleteModule,
MdMenuModule,
MdCheckboxModule,
MdTooltipModule,
MdRadioModule,
MdDatepickerModule,
MdNativeDateModule,
MdSelectModule,
} from '@angular/material';
import { ConfirmDialogComponent } from './confirm-dialog/confirm-dialog.component';
import { DirectiveModule } from '../directive/directive.module';
import { FormsModule, ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms'; @NgModule({
imports: [
CommonModule,
FormsModule,
ReactiveFormsModule,
MdToolbarModule,
MdIconModule,
MdButtonModule,
MdCardModule,
MdInputModule,
MdListModule,
MdSlideToggleModule,
MdGridListModule,
MdDialogModule,
MdAutocompleteModule,
MdMenuModule,
MdCheckboxModule,
MdTooltipModule,
MdRadioModule,
MdDatepickerModule,
MdNativeDateModule,
MdSelectModule,
DirectiveModule
],
declarations: [ConfirmDialogComponent],
entryComponents: [ ConfirmDialogComponent ],
exports: [
CommonModule,
FormsModule,
ReactiveFormsModule,
MdToolbarModule,
MdIconModule,
MdButtonModule,
MdCardModule,
MdInputModule,
MdListModule,
MdSlideToggleModule,
MdGridListModule,
MdDialogModule,
MdAutocompleteModule,
MdMenuModule,
MdCheckboxModule,
MdTooltipModule,
MdRadioModule,
MdDatepickerModule,
MdNativeDateModule,
MdSelectModule,
DirectiveModule
]
})
export class SharedModule { }

    2.4.2 在控制器类中构建数据模型

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

    2.4.3 在模板中使用FormGroup、FromControl进行数据绑定

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

  2.5 代码总汇   

import { Component, OnInit, HostListener} from '@angular/core';
import { FormControl, FormGroup, FormBuilder, Validators } from '@angular/forms'; @Component({
selector: 'app-test01',
templateUrl: './test01.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./test01.component.scss']
})
export class Test01Component implements OnInit { testForm: FormGroup;
data: any; name: FormControl = new FormControl(); desc: string = 'hello boy'; taskLists = [
{label: 1, name: '进行中'},
{label: 2, name: '已完成'}
]; constructor() {} ngOnInit() {
this.testForm = new FormGroup({
email: new FormControl('', [Validators.required, Validators.minLength(4)], []),
password: new FormControl('', [Validators.required], [])
}); this.name.valueChanges
.debounceTime(500)
.subscribe(value => alert(value)); } @HostListener('keyup.enter')
onTestNgModelClick() {
alert('提交'); } onTestClick() {
this.data = this.testForm.get('email').value;
console.log(this.testForm.getError);
} }

TS

<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">响应式表单</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<form [formGroup]="testForm">
<md-input-container>
<input mdInput type="text" placeholder="请输入邮箱" formControlName="email" />
<span mdSuffix>@163.com</span>
</md-input-container>
<br />
<md-input-container>
<input mdInput type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" formControlName="password" />
</md-input-container>
</form>
<hr />
<div>
<h2>表单整体信息如下:</h2>
<h4>表单数据有效性:{{testForm.valid}}</h4>
<h4>表单数据为:{{testForm.value | json}}</h4>
<hr />
<h2>email输入框的信息如下:</h2>
<h4>有效性:{{testForm.get('email').valid}}</h4>
<h4>email输入框的错误信息为:{{testForm.get('email').errors | json}}</h4>
<h4>required验证结果:{{testForm.hasError('required', 'email') | json}}</h4>
<h4>minLength验证结果:{{ testForm.hasError('minLength', 'email') | json }}</h4>
<hr />
<h2>password输入框啊的信息如下:</h2>
<h4>有效性:{{testForm.get('password').valid}}</h4>
<h4>password输入框的错误信息为:{{testForm.get('password').errors | json }}</h4>
<h4>required验证结果:{{testForm.hasError('required', 'password') | json}}</h4>
</div>
<div>
<button nd-rasied-button (click)="onTestClick()">获取数据</button>
<h4>data变量:{{data}}</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel-footer">2018-1-22 15:58:43</div>
</div>

HTML

  2.6 自定义验证器

    2.6.1 验证器接口

interface ValidatorFn {
(c: AbstractControl): ValidationErrors|null
}

      从验证器接口的源代码中可以看出,验证器就是一个普通的方法而已,只不过该方法的接受参数必须是AbstractControl类型,返回类型是一个JavaScript对象,当验证通过时返回null,验证不同过时返回的对象中有一个和验证器方法同名的属性

    2.6.2 编程步骤

      》自定一个一个方法 

  myValidator(fc: FormControl): {[key: string]: any} {
const valid = fc.value === 'admin';
return valid ? null : {myValidator: {requiredUsername: 'admin', actualUsername: fc.value}};
}

      》在响应式表单的数据模型中使用即可

        Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

      》在模板中对表单进行数据绑定

        Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

    2.6.3 代码汇总  

import { Component, OnInit, HostListener} from '@angular/core';
import { FormControl, FormGroup, FormBuilder, Validators } from '@angular/forms'; @Component({
selector: 'app-test01',
templateUrl: './test01.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./test01.component.scss']
})
export class Test01Component implements OnInit { loginForm: FormGroup; testForm: FormGroup;
data: any; name: FormControl = new FormControl(); desc: string = 'hello boy'; taskLists = [
{label: 1, name: '进行中'},
{label: 2, name: '已完成'}
]; constructor(
private formBuilder: FormBuilder
) {} ngOnInit() {
this.testForm = new FormGroup({
email: new FormControl('', [Validators.required, Validators.minLength(4)], []),
password: new FormControl('', [Validators.required], [])
}); this.name.valueChanges
.debounceTime(500)
.subscribe(value => alert(value)); this.loginForm = this.formBuilder.group({
username: ['', [Validators.required, Validators.minLength(4), this.myValidator], []],
userpwd: ['', [Validators.required, Validators.minLength(6)], []]
}); } @HostListener('keyup.enter')
onTestNgModelClick() {
alert('提交'); } onTestClick() {
// this.data = this.testForm.get('email').value;
// console.log(this.testForm.getError);
console.log(this.testForm.controls['email']);
} onTestLogin() {
console.log(this.loginForm.value);
if (this.loginForm.valid) {
console.log('登陆数据合法');
} else {
console.log('登陆数据不合法');
console.log(this.loginForm.controls['username'].errors);
console.log(this.loginForm.get('userpwd').errors);
}
} myValidator(fc: FormControl): {[key: string]: any} {
const valid = fc.value === 'admin';
return valid ? null : {myValidator: {requiredUsername: 'admin', actualUsername: fc.value}};
} }

TS

<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">自定义验证器</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<form (ngSubmit)="onTestLogin()" [formGroup]="loginForm">
<md-input-container>
<input mdInput placeholder="请输入登录名" formControlName="username" />
</md-input-container>
<br />
<md-input-container>
<input mdInput placeholder="请输入密码" formControlName="userpwd" />
</md-input-container>
<br />
<button type="submit" md-raised-button>登陆</button>
</form>
</div>
<div class="panel-footer">2018-1-23 11:06:01</div>
</div>

HTML

  2.7 响应式表单和material结合实例

<div class="client_div">
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
<div class="client_form_div">
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
<mat-card class="test_form_card">
<mat-card-header>
<mat-card-title>客户信息录入</mat-card-title>
</mat-card-header>
<mat-card-content>
<form [formGroup]="clientForm" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit()">
<mat-input-container>
<input type="text" matInput matTooltip="身份证编号:{{ clientForm.controls['idcard'].value }}" formControlName="idcard" placeholder="请输入身份证编号" />
<mat-error *ngIf="clientForm.hasError('required', 'idcard')">
<span>证件编号是必填项</span>
</mat-error>
<mat-error *ngIf="clientForm.hasError('idcardLengthValidator', 'idcard')">
<span>{{ clientForm.getError('idcardLengthValidator', 'idcard')?.requiredLength }}</span>
</mat-error>
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container>
<input type="text" matInput matTooltip="姓名:{{ clientForm.controls['name'].value }}" formControlName="name" placeholder="请输入姓名" />
<mat-error *ngIf="clientForm.hasError('required', 'name')">
<span>姓名是必填项</span>
</mat-error>
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container>
<input type="text" matInput matTooltip="联系电话:{{ clientForm.controls['phone'].value }}" formControlName="phone" placeholder="请输入联系电话" />
<mat-error *ngIf="clientForm.hasError('required', 'phone')">
<span>联系电话是必填项</span>
</mat-error>
<mat-error *ngIf="clientForm.hasError('phoneValidator', 'phone')">
<span>{{ clientForm.getError('phoneValidator', 'phone')?.desc }}</span>
</mat-error>
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container>
<input type="text" matInput matTooltip="性别:{{ clientForm.controls['gender'].value }}" formControlName="gender" placeholder="请选择性别" [matAutocomplete]="auto" />
<mat-error *ngIf="clientForm.hasError('required', 'gender')">
<span>性别是必填项</span>
</mat-error>
<mat-error *ngIf="clientForm.hasError('genderValidator', 'gender')">
<span>{{ clientForm.getError('genderValidator', 'gender')?.desc }}</span>
</mat-error> <!-- <span *ngIf="genderError">性别必须是男</span> --> <mat-autocomplete #auto="matAutocomplete">
<mat-option *ngFor="let genderItem of genderList" [value]="genderItem">
<span>{{ genderItem }}</span>
</mat-option>
</mat-autocomplete>
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container>
<input type="text" matInput matTooltip="上车地点:{{clientForm.controls['address'].value}}" formControlName="address" placeholder="请输入上车地点" />
<mat-error *ngIf="clientForm.hasError('required', 'address')">
<span>上车地址是必填项</span>
</mat-error>
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container>
<input type="text" matInput matTooltip="籍贯:{{ clientForm.controls['hometown'].value }}" formControlName="hometown" placeholder="请输入籍贯" />
</mat-input-container>
<mat-input-container style="width: 99%;">
<input type="text" matInput matTooltip="备注信息:{{ clientForm.controls['remarks'].value }}" formControlName="remarks" placeholder="备注信息">
</mat-input-container>
<div class="submit">
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
<button mat-raised-button [disabled]="!clientForm.valid" type="submit" class="btn btn-success">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-log-out"></span>
<span>提交</span>
</button>
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
</div>
</form>
</mat-card-content>
<mat-card-actions>
<button mat-raised-button style="width: 100%;" type="button" (click)="onCancel()" class="btn btn-warning">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"></span>
<span>取消</span>
</button>
</mat-card-actions>
</mat-card>
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
</div>
<span class="fill_remaining_space"></span>
</div> <!-- <hr />
<div>从路径中获取到的idcard数据为:{{ receivedIdcard }}</div>
<div>从queryParams中获取到的clientOperateType数据为:{{ clientOperateType }}</div>
<div>从queryParmas中获取到的clientInfoType数据为:{{ clientInfoType }}</div>
<span matTooltip="Good Boy">放上去</span> -->

HTML

import { Component, OnInit, OnDestroy } from '@angular/core';
import { ClientService } from '../client.service';
import { FormBuilder, FormGroup, Validators, FormControl } from '@angular/forms';
import { Router, ActivatedRoute } from '@angular/router';
import { ClientBaseInfo } from '../../model/ClientBaseInfo';
import { error } from 'util'; @Component({
selector: 'app-client-operate',
templateUrl: './client-operate.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./client-operate.component.scss']
})
export class ClientOperateComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy { clientForm: FormGroup; // 客户信息表单
sub: any; // 订阅返回对象01
sub02: any; // 订阅返回对象02
receivedIdcard: string; // 从路由中获取的idcard参数
clientOperateType: number;
currentClientInfo: ClientBaseInfo; // 当前的客户信息
genderList: string[]; // 性别列表
clientInfoType: string; // 客户信息类型 base 还是 detail postResult: any;
putResult: any; constructor(
private formBuilder: FormBuilder, // 表单对象创建器
private clientService: ClientService, // 客户服务
private _router: Router, // 路由
private _activatedRoute: ActivatedRoute // 用于获取路由参数
) { } ngOnInit() {
this.genderList = ["男", "女", "不"]; // 初始化性别列表
this.clientForm = this.formBuilder.group({ // 初始化表单信息
idcard: ['', [Validators.required, Validators.maxLength(18), this.idcardLengthValidator], [] ],
name: ['', [Validators.required, Validators.minLength(1)], []],
phone: ['', [Validators.required, this.phoneValidator], []],
gender: ['', [Validators.required, this.genderValidator], [] ],
address: ['', [Validators.required], []],
hometown: ['', [], [] ],
remarks: ['', [], []],
status: [1, [], []]
});
this.sub = this._activatedRoute.params.subscribe(params => { // 利用ActivatedRoute对象获取路由参数
this.receivedIdcard = params['idcard'];
});
this.sub02 = this._activatedRoute.queryParams.subscribe(parmas => {
this.clientOperateType = parseInt(parmas['type']);
this.clientInfoType = parmas['clientInfoType'];
});
this.clientService.getClientInfoByIdcard(this.receivedIdcard).subscribe(resp => { // 根据从路由中获取到的idcard信息查询对应的客户信息,并对表单信息进行更新
if (resp.data === null) {
alert('无对应Idcard的客户信息,请先进行注册');
} else {
if (this.clientOperateType === 1) {
this.currentClientInfo = resp.data;
this.clientForm.controls['idcard'].setValue(this.currentClientInfo.idcard);
this.clientForm.controls['name'].setValue(this.currentClientInfo.name);
this.clientForm.controls['phone'].setValue(this.currentClientInfo.phone);
this.clientForm.controls['gender'].setValue(this.currentClientInfo.gender);
this.clientForm.controls['address'].setValue(this.currentClientInfo.address);
this.clientForm.controls['hometown'].setValue(this.currentClientInfo.hometown);
this.clientForm.controls['remarks'].setValue(this.currentClientInfo.remarks);
}
} }); } ngOnDestroy() {
this.sub.unsubscribe(); // 取消订阅,目的是为了防止内存泄漏
this.sub02.unsubscribe();
} // 提交表单
onSubmit() {
if (this.clientOperateType === 0) {
alert('新增客户');
this.clientService.createClientInfo(this.clientForm.value)
.subscribe(
resp => {
// console.log(resp);
// alert(resp.message);
if (resp.code === 0 ) {
// alert('新增客户成功');
}
if (this.clientInfoType === 'base') {
this._router.navigate(['/client/clientBaseInfo']);
}
if (this.clientInfoType === 'detail') {
this._router.navigate(['/client/clientDetailInfo']);
}
},
error => {
console.log(error);
},
() => {
// alert('新增完成');
}
);
} else {
this.clientService.updateClientInfo(this.clientForm.value)
.subscribe(
resp => {
// console.log(resp);
// alert(resp.message);
if (resp.code === 0 ) {
alert('客户信息更新成功');
}
if (this.clientInfoType === 'base') {
this._router.navigate(['/client/clientBaseInfo']);
}
if (this.clientInfoType === 'detail') {
this._router.navigate(['/client/clientDetailInfo']);
}
},
error => {
console.log(error);
},
() => {
// alert('更新完成');
}
);
}
} // 取消客户信息编辑操作
onCancel() {
this.onReturnRouter();
} // 根据queryParams中的clientInfoType确定该返回到那个路由
onReturnRouter() {
if (this.clientInfoType === 'base') {
this._router.navigate(['/client/clientBaseInfo']);
}
if (this.clientInfoType === 'detail') {
this._router.navigate(['/client/clientDetailInfo']);
}
} // 自动义过滤器
myValidator(fc: FormControl, num: number): {[key: string]: any} {
const valid = fc.value === 'warrior';
return valid ? null : {myValidator: true}
}
idcardLengthValidator(fc: FormControl): {[key: string]: any} {
const valid = fc.value.length === 18;
return valid ? null : {idcardLengthValidator: {requiredLength: '身份证编号必须是18位字符串'}};
}
phoneValidator(phone: FormControl): {[key: string]: any} {
const value = phone.value || '';
const valid = value.match(/^\d{11}$/);
return valid ? null : {phoneValidator: {desc:'联系电话必须是11位数字'}}
}
genderValidator(gender: FormControl): {[key: string]: any} {
const value = gender.value;
let valid = false;
if ( value == '男' || value == '女' || value == '不' ) {
valid = true;
}
return valid ? null : {genderValidator: {desc: '性别只能从下拉框进行选择'}};
} }

TS

3 HTTP

  Angular有自己的HTTP库来调用外部的API,在Angular中采用observable来实现异步请求

  HTTP官方文档:点击前往

  参考博文:点击前往    点击前往

  技巧01:angular的HTTP服务提供的相关方法返回的是一个可观察对象(即:observable),而且这个可观察对象中的数据是Response类型;我们可以利用josn()方法来将数据类型转化成一个javaScript对象

  3.1 GET请求 

get(url: string, options?: RequestOptionsArgs): Observable<Response>

  get方法需要传入两个参数

    参数1:请求路径,必填

    参数2:请求参数,可选

interface RequestOptionsArgs {
url?: string|null
method?: string|RequestMethod|null
search?: string|URLSearchParams|{[key: string]: any | any[]}|null
params?: string|URLSearchParams|{[key: string]: any | any[]}|null
headers?: Headers|null
body?: any
withCredentials?: boolean|null
responseType?: ResponseContentType|null
}

参数2接口源代码

  技巧01:有get请求的方法签名可以看出,get请求返回的是一个可观察对象,而且可观察对象中的数据类型是Response类型

    3.1.1 编程步骤

      > 准备好后台接口  

        API:http://127.0.0.1:4200/dev/test/testGet

package cn.xiangxu.springboottest.TestDemo;

import cn.xiangxu.springboottest.commons.enums.GirlEnum;
import cn.xiangxu.springboottest.commons.exceptions.GirlException;
import cn.xiangxu.springboottest.model.dataViewModel.ResultViewModel;
import cn.xiangxu.springboottest.utils.ResultViewModelUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController
//@RequestMapping(value = "/myServlet")
@RequestMapping(value = "test")
@Slf4j
public class TestDemoController { @GetMapping(value = "/test01")
public String test01() {
// throw new GirlException(GirlEnum.PARAM_ERROR);
return "hello boy";
} @GetMapping(value = "testGet")
public ResultViewModel testGet() {
log.info("测试get请求");
return ResultViewModelUtil.success("测试Get请求成功");
} }

后台API

      > 在模块级别引入HttpModule

        Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { TestComponent } from './test/test.component';
import {FormsModule, ReactiveFormsModule} from '@angular/forms'; import {HomeModule} from './home/home.module';
import {SharedModule} from './shared/shared.module'; import {
AccordionModule,
AlertModule,
CarouselModule
} from 'ngx-bootstrap';
import {AppRouting} from './app.routing';
import {LoginModule} from './login/login.module';
import {BrowserAnimationsModule} from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';
import {HttpModule} from '@angular/http'; @NgModule({
declarations: [
AppComponent,
TestComponent
],
imports: [
SharedModule,
BrowserModule,
HttpModule,
FormsModule,
ReactiveFormsModule,
BrowserAnimationsModule,
HomeModule,
LoginModule,
AppRouting,
AccordionModule.forRoot(),
AlertModule.forRoot(),
CarouselModule.forRoot()
],
providers: [],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }

      > 在组件中依赖注入Http常量

        Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

      > 在组件的TS文件中调用get方法发送get请求

        Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

  onGet() {
this.loading = true;
this.http.get('dev/test/testGet')
.map(resp => resp.json())
.subscribe(
result => {
this.loading = false;
this.data = result;
},
error => {
alert(error.messages);
},
() => {
alert('get请求完成');
}
);
}

    代码解释01:map函数是rxjs的内容

    代码解释02:json() 方法的作用是从可观察对象中Response类型的数据的数据中提取出响应体并解析成一个Object

    技巧01:只用被订阅到了后才会触发get请求

    技巧02:subscribe方法支持可以传入三个参数

      参数1 -> 请求成功的处理方法(必选,请求成功时就会执行)

      参数2 -> 请求失败的处理方法(可选,遇到错误时就会执行)

      参数3 -> 请求完成的处理方法(可选,无论请求成功与否都会执行)

  3.2 POST请求 

post(url: string, body: any, options?: RequestOptionsArgs): Observable<Response>

  post方法需要传入3个参数:

    参数1:请求路径

    参数2:请求体(一般把请求数据放在里面)

    参数3:请求参数(例如:请求头信息)

interface RequestOptionsArgs {
url?: string|null
method?: string|RequestMethod|null
search?: string|URLSearchParams|{[key: string]: any | any[]}|null
params?: string|URLSearchParams|{[key: string]: any | any[]}|null
headers?: Headers|null
body?: any
withCredentials?: boolean|null
responseType?: ResponseContentType|null
}

参数3接口源代码

    3.2.1 编程步骤

      > 准备后台API

        Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

package cn.xiangxu.springboottest.TestDemo;

import cn.xiangxu.springboottest.commons.enums.GirlEnum;
import cn.xiangxu.springboottest.commons.exceptions.GirlException;
import cn.xiangxu.springboottest.model.dataViewModel.ResultViewModel;
import cn.xiangxu.springboottest.utils.ResultViewModelUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @RestController
//@RequestMapping(value = "/myServlet")
@RequestMapping(value = "test")
@Slf4j
public class TestDemoController { @GetMapping(value = "/test01")
public String test01() {
// throw new GirlException(GirlEnum.PARAM_ERROR);
return "hello boy";
} @GetMapping(value = "testGet")
public ResultViewModel testGet() {
log.info("测试get请求");
return ResultViewModelUtil.success("测试Get请求成功");
} @PostMapping(value = "testPost")
public ResultViewModel testPost(
@RequestParam String name,
@RequestParam Integer age
) {
log.info("获取到的参数为:{} --- {}", name, age);
log.info("测试Post请求");
return ResultViewModelUtil.success("测试Post请求成功");
} }

      > 在模块级别导入HttpModule

      > 在组件中依赖注入Http常量

      > 在组件的TS中通过Http常量调用post方法

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

      坑01:当后台使用 @RequestParam 注解来接收参数时,angular2前端的数据格式必须是 const body = 'name=三少&age=24',而且请求头的Content-type值必须为:'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'

      坑02:当后台使用 @RequestBody 注解来接收参数时,angular2前端的数据格式必须是

    const body = JSON.stringify({
name: '王杨帅',
age: 24
});

而且请求头的Content-type值必须是application/json

  onPost() {
const url = 'dev/test/testPost';
// const body = JSON.stringify({
// name: '王杨帅',
// age: 24
// });
const body = 'name=王杨帅&age=24';
// const headers = new Headers({'Content-Type': 'application/json'});
const headers = new Headers({'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'});
const options = new RequestOptions();
options.headers = headers;
this.http.post(url, body, options)
.map(resp => resp.json())
.subscribe(
result => {
console.log('post请求成功');
this.postData = result;
console.log(result);
},
error => {
console.log('post请求失败');
console.log('响应状态为' + error.status);
},
() => {
console.log('post请求完成');
}
);
}

    3.2.2 参考文档

      点击前往  点击前往  点击前往  点击前往

4 表单元素双向绑定

  4.1 利用ngModel实现

    4.1.1 在模块级别导入 FormsModule

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

import { FormsModule} from '@angular/forms';

    4.1.2 在组件中使用ngModel指令

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">模板表单</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<md-input-container>
<input mdInput placeholder="随便输入点内容" #a="ngModel" [(ngModel)]="desc" name="desc" />
<button type="button" md-icon-button mdSuffix (click)="onTestNgModelClick()">
<md-icon>done</md-icon>
</button>
</md-input-container>
<div>
<h3>名为desc的表单控件的值为:{{ a.value }}</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel-footer">2018-1-22 10:19:31</div>
</div>

    4.1.3 在控制类中定义变量

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

import { Component, OnInit, HostListener} from '@angular/core';
import { FormControl } from '@angular/forms'; @Component({
selector: 'app-test01',
templateUrl: './test01.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./test01.component.scss']
})
export class Test01Component implements OnInit { name: FormControl = new FormControl(); desc: string = 'hello boy'; taskLists = [
{label: 1, name: '进行中'},
{label: 2, name: '已完成'}
]; constructor() {} ngOnInit() {
this.name.valueChanges
.debounceTime(500)
.subscribe(value => alert(value));
} @HostListener('keyup.enter')
onTestNgModelClick() {
alert('提交');
} }

  4.2 利用FormControl实现

    4.2.1 在模块级别导入ReactiveFormsModule

       Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

import { ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';

    4.2.2 在组件中使用fromControl属性

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">利用响应式编程实现表单元素双向绑定</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<md-input-container>
<input mdInput placeholder="请输入姓名(响应式双向绑定):" [formControl]="name"/>
</md-input-container>
<div>
姓名为:{{name.value}}
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel-footer">2018-1-22 11:12:35</div>
</div>

    4.2.3 在控制类中定义变量,并实现响应式监控表单控件数据变化

      坑01:利用响应式监控表单值时需要用到RXJS的操作符,所以必须在组件或者模块级别导入先关的RXJS操作符

      技巧01:一般是将RXJS相关的操作符在核心模块中进行导入,然后将核心模块导入主模块进行啦,这样就可以防止RXJS操作多次导入;注意:核心模块只能导入一次

      技巧02:本案例没有在组件中导入RXJS先关操作符,应该是在模块级别或者核心模块中进行了RXJS操作符的导入操作,在本博客中并没有将那部分代码提出来而已

      技巧03:本案例涉及到的RXJS操作符是 debounceTime , 所以需要在组件或者模块级别中导入  debounceTime

import 'rxjs/add/operator/debounceTime';    

      Angular11 模板表单、响应式表单(自定义验证器)、HTTP、表单元素双向绑定

import { Component, OnInit, HostListener} from '@angular/core';
import { FormControl } from '@angular/forms'; @Component({
selector: 'app-test01',
templateUrl: './test01.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./test01.component.scss']
})
export class Test01Component implements OnInit { name: FormControl = new FormControl(); desc: string = 'hello boy'; taskLists = [
{label: 1, name: '进行中'},
{label: 2, name: '已完成'}
]; constructor() {} ngOnInit() {
this.name.valueChanges
.debounceTime(500)
.subscribe(value => alert(value));
} @HostListener('keyup.enter')
onTestNgModelClick() {
alert('提交');
} }