sql server 常见问题笔记

1、关于复制类型　　

快照发布:
发布服务器按预定的时间间隔向订阅服务器发送已发布数据的快照。

事务发布:
在订阅服务器收到已发布数据的初始快照后，发布服务器将事务流式传输到订阅服务器。

对等发布:
对等发布支持多主复制。发布服务器将事务流式传输到拓扑中的所有对等方。所有对等节点可以读取和写入更改，且所有更改将传播到拓扑中的所有节点。

合并发布:
在订阅服务器收到已发布数据的初始快照后，发布服务器和订阅服务器可以独立更新已发布数据。更改会定期合并。Microsoft SQL Server Compact Edition 只能订阅合并发布。

2、数据库服务器安装sql server后修改机器名导致发布失败解决方法

-- 检查SQL Server中的“服务器名[/命名实例名]”, 和当前真实的“计算机名[/命名实例名]”。如果修改了计算机名，则这两者即会不一致。

select @@serverName, serverproperty('serverName')

-- 将"服务器名", 修改为正确的计算机名
EXEC sp_dropserver '服务器名[/命名实例名]'; -- 即旧的计算机名
GO
EXEC sp_addserver '计算机名[/命名实例名]', 'local'; -- 即新的计算机名

-- 重启SQL Server

3、判断无用的索引

SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED

SELECT TOP 30

        DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName ,

        '[' + SCHEMA_NAME(o.Schema_ID) + ']' + '.' + '['

        + OBJECT_NAME(s.[object_id]) + ']' AS TableName ,

        i.name AS IndexName ,

        i.type AS IndexType ,

        s.user_updates ,

        s.system_seeks + s.system_scans + s.system_lookups AS [System_usage]

FROM    sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats s

        INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON s.[object_id] = i.[object_id]

                                    AND s.index_id = i.index_id

        INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON i.object_id = O.object_id

WHERE   s.database_id = DB_ID()

        AND OBJECTPROPERTY(s.[object_id], 'IsMsShipped') = 0

        AND s.user_seeks = 0

        AND s.user_scans = 0

        AND s.user_lookups = 0

        AND i.name IS NOT NULL

ORDER BY s.user_updates DESC

4、判断哪些索引缺失

 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED

 SELECT TOP 30

         ROUND(s.avg_total_user_cost * s.avg_user_impact * ( s.user_seeks

                                                             + s.user_scans ),

               0) AS [Total Cost] ,

         s.avg_total_user_cost * ( s.avg_user_impact / 100.0 ) * ( s.user_seeks

                                                               + s.user_scans ) AS Improvement_Measure ,

         DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName ,

         d.[statement] AS [Table Name] ,

         equality_columns ,

         inequality_columns ,

         included_columns

 FROM    sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups g

         INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats s ON s.group_handle = g.index_group_handle

         INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details d ON d.index_handle = g.index_handle

 WHERE   s.avg_total_user_cost * ( s.avg_user_impact / 100.0 ) * ( s.user_seeks

                                                               + s.user_scans ) > 10

 ORDER BY [Total Cost] DESC ,

         s.avg_total_user_cost * s.avg_user_impact * ( s.user_seeks

                                                       + s.user_scans ) DESC

5、看看那些索引维护成本很高通俗的说就是更新次数大于使用这个索引的次数

 SELECT TOP 20

         DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName ,

         '[' + SCHEMA_NAME(o.Schema_ID) + ']' + '.' + '['

         + OBJECT_NAME(s.[object_id]) + ']' AS TableName ,

         i.name AS IndexName ,

         i.type AS IndexType ,

         ( s.user_updates ) AS update_usage ,

         ( s.user_seeks + s.user_scans + s.user_lookups ) AS retrieval_usage ,

         ( s.user_updates ) - ( s.user_seeks + user_scans + s.user_lookups ) AS maintenance_cost ,

         s.system_seeks + s.system_scans + s.system_lookups AS system_usage ,

         s.last_user_seek ,

         s.last_user_scan ,

         s.last_user_lookup

 FROM    sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats s

         INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON s.[object_id] = i.[object_id]

                                     AND s.index_id = i.index_id

         INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON i.object_id = O.object_id

 WHERE   s.database_id = DB_ID('{0}')

         AND i.name IS NOT NULL

         AND OBJECTPROPERTY(s.[object_id], 'IsMsShipped') = 0

         AND ( s.user_seeks + s.user_scans + s.user_lookups ) > 0

 ORDER BY maintenance_cost DESC

6、常常使用的索引查看看看你常用使用的索引是否建立的合理

 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED

 SELECT TOP 20

 DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName

 , '['+SCHEMA_NAME(o.Schema_ID)+']'+'.'+'['+OBJECT_NAME(s.[object_id]) +']'AS TableName

 , i.name AS IndexName

 , i.type as IndexType

 , (s.user_seeks + s.user_scans + s.user_lookups) AS Usage

 , s.user_updates

 FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats s

 INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON s.[object_id] = i.[object_id]

 AND s.index_id = i.index_id

 INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON i.object_id = O.object_id

 WHERE s.database_id = DB_ID()

 AND i.name IS NOT NULL

 AND OBJECTPROPERTY(s.[object_id], 'IsMsShipped') = 0

 ORDER BY Usage DESC

以上转自：http://blog.csdn.net/fengyarongaa/article/details/8315693

7、让热备数据库联机

日志传送的后备数据库是只读备用状态，数据库处于热备用状态。热备用数据库是只读的。restore database db_name with recovery

8、sql server数据导入导出

使用 BCP 导入导出数据，参考http://database.51cto.com/art/200701/37924.htm

C:\Users\Administrator>bcp cs.dbo.lhxq_sq out c:\.txt -U sa -P sa -S 192.168.0.122  -c -t

开始复制...

已复制  行。

网络数据包大小(字节):

总时钟时间(毫秒)     :      平均值: (每秒 765.96 行。)

C:\Users\Administrator>bcp cs2.dbo.lhxq_sq in c:\.txt -U sa -P sa -S 192.168.0.122  -c -t

开始复制...

已复制  行。

网络数据包大小(字节):

总时钟时间(毫秒)     :     平均值: (每秒 42.76 行。)

bcp "select * from cs.dbo.ps_manager_grid WHERE WORKCODE like '440310009Z0%'" queryout f:\temp\\grid.txt -c -U sa -P sa -S 192.168.1.212

参考：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_63f3e0060102vjcw.html

9、sp_helptext 获取的存储过程去掉空格

create table #temp_table([text] NVARCHAR(MAX))

insert into #temp_table([text]) exec sp_helptext 'p_oa_document_send_ins'

SELECT * FROM #temp_table

WHERE LEN(TEXT)<>2

10、sqlserver附加数据库

EXEC SP_ATTACH_DB [ty_pmi_eo], 'F:\ty_data\ty_pmi_eo.mdf','F:\ty_data_log\ty_pmi_eo.ldf','F:\ty_data_idx\ty_pmi_eo.ndf'

11、sqlserver删除重复记录

delete from t_gps_pos_curr_status

where   c_client_key in (select c_client_key    from t_gps_pos_curr_status group by c_client_key

     having count(c_client_key) > 1)

and   fid not in (select min(fid) from t_gps_pos_curr_status group by c_client_key

  having count(c_client_key)>1)

12、查看所有数据库数据文件路径

select * from master.sys.master_files

13、删除重复数据

Delete T From

 (Select Row_Number() Over(Partition By [Name] order By [ID]) As RowNumber,* From Student)T

 Where T.RowNumber > 1

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sql server 常见问题笔记

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