pyqt5 在qt designer后以弹窗的方式连接多个UI图形界面

时间:2023-03-08 17:23:58

当我们通过pyqt开发时,eric6为我们提供了一个方便的工具:图形化的绘制UI工具--qt designer。

我们可以通过它开发多个UI,然后利用信号-槽工具,将功能代码附着在上面。也可以将多个界面连接起来。

接下来,我要提供将多个UI链接起来的思路。

一:讲解:qt designer 自动生成的代码是怎样运行的:

(一)组成

qt desinger自动生成的代码为一个对象和对象启动命令,对象中包含两个函数,setupUi()和retranslateUi()。

形如这样:

from ... import ....
class someclassname(object):
    def setupUi():
        ...
    def retranslateUi():
        ...​
if  __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()
    ui = Ui_Dialog()
    ui.setupUi(Dialog)
    Dialog.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())​​

(二)运行方式:

(1)两个函数setupUI和retranslateUi负责绘制Ui,其中setupUI会调用retranslateUi。

(2)if __name__ = "__main__" 及以后的语句是python的主程序运行

app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
......
sys.exit(app.exec_())

上面两句为pyqt主程序运行通用语句

(3)

Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog() # 获取窗口类型实例
 ui = someclassname()                # 取得ui的class实例
 ui.setupUi(Dialog)                       # 将ui实例绘制到窗口实例上​

(4)

Dialog.show()                               # 展示窗口​

二:如何组合窗口

(一)首先,建立一个主程序的python文件,然后各种import

(1)基本引用

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

(2)文件引用:引用各个Ui的py文件的class

(二)实例化启动qt应用

app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)​

(三)实例化各种窗口,方式如1.2.3 中的三个语句,例如:

!!!!注意,修改对应相关ui的py文件的变量名函数名避免冲突!!!!!!!

(1)主窗口

ChenSpider = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
ui = Ui_ChenSpider()
ui.setupUi(ChenSpider)​

(2)弹出窗口1

Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui2 = Ui_Dialog()
ui2.setupUi2(Dialog)​

(3)弹出窗口2

Dialog3 = QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui3 = Ui_Dialog3()
ui3.setupUi3(Dialog3)​

(四) 将弹出窗口绑定在主窗口某个按钮上

例子中,将主窗口chenSpider的loginmysqlbttn按钮绑定在窗口1上,aboutbttn绑定在窗口2上,点击弹出

bttn = ui.loginmysqlbttn
bttn.clicked.connect(Dialog.show)​

bttn2 = ui.aboutbttn
bttn2.clicked.connect(Dialog3.show)​

(五) 启动

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ChenSpider.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
 ​

三:完整代码

(一)主文件(请运行此文件)

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from Ui_main_Window import Ui_ChenSpider
from Ui_mysqllogin import Ui_Dialog
from Ui_about import Ui_Dialog3
 
# part 1
# 实例化启动qt应用
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
# 将chenSpider设为主窗口实例
ChenSpider = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
#  取得UI class 的实例
ui = Ui_ChenSpider()
# 将UI 应用到 主窗口 chenSpider 上 
ui.setupUi(ChenSpider)
# part 2 登录mysql
Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui2 = Ui_Dialog()
ui2.setupUi2(Dialog)
# part 3 关于界面
Dialog3 = QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui3 = Ui_Dialog3()
ui3.setupUi3(Dialog3)
 
# part 4
# 设计信号-槽点
# 建立对象实例化的访问
bttn = ui.loginmysqlbttn
bttn.clicked.connect(Dialog.show)
 
bttn2 = ui.aboutbttn
bttn2.clicked.connect(Dialog3.show)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 展示主窗口 chenSpider
     ChenSpider.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())​

(二)主窗口代码

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_Dialog3(object):
    def setupUi3(self, Dialog):
        Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
        Dialog.resize(400, 296)
        self.dialogButtonBox = QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox(Dialog)
        self.dialogButtonBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(190, 240, 181, 32))
        self.dialogButtonBox.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
        self.dialogButtonBox.setStandardButtons(QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Cancel|QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Ok)
        self.dialogButtonBox.setObjectName("dialogButtonBox")
        self.author = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.author.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 20, 191, 17))
        self.author.setObjectName("author")
        self.email = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.email.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 50, 271, 17))
        self.email.setObjectName("email")
        self.github = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.github.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 80, 351, 17))
        self.github.setObjectName("github")
        self.GPL = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.GPL.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 110, 161, 17))
        self.GPL.setObjectName("GPL")

        self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
        self.dialogButtonBox.accepted.connect(Dialog.accept)
        self.dialogButtonBox.rejected.connect(Dialog.reject)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)

    def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog"))
        self.author.setText(_translate("Dialog", "作者:陈严肃"))
        self.email.setText(_translate("Dialog", "联系邮箱:aschenyansu@foxmail.com"))
        self.github.setText(_translate("Dialog", "github: https://github.com/chenyansu/pyspidergui"))
        self.GPL.setText(_translate("Dialog", "本软件遵循GPL v2协议"))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    Dialog3 = QtWidgets.QDialog()
    ui3 = Ui_Dialog()
    ui3.setupUi(Dialog3)
    Dialog3.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

(三)窗口一:

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_Dialog(object):
    def setupUi2(self, Dialog):
        Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
        Dialog.resize(480, 297)
        self.buttonBox = QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox(Dialog)
        self.buttonBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 240, 181, 32))
        self.buttonBox.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
        self.buttonBox.setStandardButtons(QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Cancel|QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Ok)
        self.buttonBox.setObjectName("buttonBox")
        self.hostlnedt = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
        self.hostlnedt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(120, 20, 113, 27))
        self.hostlnedt.setObjectName("hostlnedt")
        self.hostlbl = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.hostlbl.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 26, 81, 21))
        self.hostlbl.setObjectName("hostlbl")
        self.usernamelbl = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.usernamelbl.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 90, 51, 17))
        self.usernamelbl.setObjectName("usernamelbl")
        self.userlnedt = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
        self.userlnedt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(120, 80, 113, 27))
        self.userlnedt.setObjectName("userlnedt")
        self.passwdlbl = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.passwdlbl.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 140, 81, 20))
        self.passwdlbl.setObjectName("passwdlbl")
        self.passwdlnedit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
        self.passwdlnedit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(120, 130, 113, 27))
        self.passwdlnedit.setObjectName("passwdlnedit")

        self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
        self.buttonBox.accepted.connect(Dialog.accept)
        self.buttonBox.rejected.connect(Dialog.reject)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)

    def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "登陆mysql"))
        self.hostlnedt.setText(_translate("Dialog", "localhost"))
        self.hostlbl.setText(_translate("Dialog", "HOST地址"))
        self.usernamelbl.setText(_translate("Dialog", "用户名"))
        self.passwdlbl.setText(_translate("Dialog", "数据库密码"))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()
    ui = Ui_Dialog()
    ui.setupUi2(Dialog)
    Dialog.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

(四)窗口二:

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_Dialog3(object):
    def setupUi3(self, Dialog):
        Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
        Dialog.resize(400, 296)
        self.dialogButtonBox = QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox(Dialog)
        self.dialogButtonBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(190, 240, 181, 32))
        self.dialogButtonBox.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
        self.dialogButtonBox.setStandardButtons(QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Cancel|QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Ok)
        self.dialogButtonBox.setObjectName("dialogButtonBox")
        self.author = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.author.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 20, 191, 17))
        self.author.setObjectName("author")
        self.email = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.email.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 50, 271, 17))
        self.email.setObjectName("email")
        self.github = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.github.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 80, 351, 17))
        self.github.setObjectName("github")
        self.GPL = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.GPL.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 110, 161, 17))
        self.GPL.setObjectName("GPL")

        self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
        self.dialogButtonBox.accepted.connect(Dialog.accept)
        self.dialogButtonBox.rejected.connect(Dialog.reject)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)

    def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog"))
        self.author.setText(_translate("Dialog", "作者:陈严肃"))
        self.email.setText(_translate("Dialog", "联系邮箱:aschenyansu@foxmail.com"))
        self.github.setText(_translate("Dialog", "github: https://github.com/chenyansu/pyspidergui"))
        self.GPL.setText(_translate("Dialog", "本软件遵循GPL v2协议"))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    Dialog3 = QtWidgets.QDialog()
    ui3 = Ui_Dialog()
    ui3.setupUi(Dialog3)
    Dialog3.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

当我们通过pyqt开发时,eric6为我们提供了一个方便的工具:图形化的绘制UI工具--qt designer。

我们可以通过它开发多个UI,然后利用信号-槽工具,将功能代码附着在上面。也可以将多个界面连接起来。

接下来,我要提供将多个UI链接起来的思路。

一:讲解:qt designer 自动生成的代码是怎样运行的:

(一)组成

qt desinger自动生成的代码为一个对象和对象启动命令,对象中包含两个函数,setupUi()和retranslateUi()。

形如这样:

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from ... import ....
class someclassname(object):
def setupUi():
...
def retranslateUi():
...
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui = Ui_Dialog()
ui.setupUi(Dialog)
Dialog.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

(二)运行方式:

(1)两个函数setupUI和retranslateUi负责绘制Ui,其中setupUI会调用retranslateUi。

(2)if __name__ = "__main__" 及以后的语句是python的主程序运行

app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
......
sys.exit(app.exec_())

上面两句为pyqt主程序运行通用语句

(3)

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2
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Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()# 获取窗口类型实例
ui = someclassname()# 取得ui的class实例
ui.setupUi(Dialog) # 将ui实例绘制到窗口实例上

(4)

1
Dialog.show() # 展示窗口

二:如何组合窗口

(一)首先,建立一个主程序的python文件,然后各种import

(1)基本引用

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

(2)文件引用:引用各个Ui的py文件的class

(二)实例化启动qt应用

1
app=QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

(三)实例化各种窗口,方式如1.2.3 中的三个语句,例如:

!!!!注意,修改对应相关ui的py文件的变量名函数名避免冲突!!!!!!!

(1)主窗口

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2
3
ChenSpider = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
ui = Ui_ChenSpider()
ui.setupUi(ChenSpider)

(2)弹出窗口1

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2
3
Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui2 = Ui_Dialog()
ui2.setupUi2(Dialog)

(3)弹出窗口2

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3
Dialog3 = QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui3 = Ui_Dialog3()
ui3.setupUi3(Dialog3)

(四) 将弹出窗口绑定在主窗口某个按钮上

例子中,将主窗口chenSpider的loginmysqlbttn按钮绑定在窗口1上,aboutbttn绑定在窗口2上,点击弹出

1
2
bttn = ui.loginmysqlbttn
bttn.clicked.connect(Dialog.show)
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2
bttn2 = ui.aboutbttn
bttn2.clicked.connect(Dialog3.show)

(五) 启动

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4
if __name__ == "__main__":
ChenSpider.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

三:完整代码

(一)主文件(请运行此文件)

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importsys
fromPyQt5importQtCore,QtGui,QtWidgets
fromUi_main_WindowimportUi_ChenSpider
fromUi_mysqlloginimportUi_Dialog
fromUi_aboutimportUi_Dialog3
#part1
#实例化启动qt应用
app=QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
#将chenSpider设为主窗口实例
ChenSpider=QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
#取得UIclass的实例
ui=Ui_ChenSpider()
#将UI应用到主窗口chenSpider上
ui.setupUi(ChenSpider)
#part2登录mysql
Dialog=QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui2=Ui_Dialog()
ui2.setupUi2(Dialog)
#part3关于界面
Dialog3=QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui3=Ui_Dialog3()
ui3.setupUi3(Dialog3)
#part4
#设计信号-槽点
#建立对象实例化的访问
bttn=ui.loginmysqlbttn
bttn.clicked.connect(Dialog.show)
bttn2=ui.aboutbttn
bttn2.clicked.connect(Dialog3.show)
if__name__=="__main__":
#展示主窗口chenSpider
ChenSpider.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

(二)主窗口代码

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fromPyQt5importQtCore,QtGui,QtWidgets
classUi_Dialog3(object):
defsetupUi3(self,Dialog):
Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
Dialog.resize(400,296)
self.dialogButtonBox=QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox(Dialog)
self.dialogButtonBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(190,240,181,32))
self.dialogButtonBox.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
self.dialogButtonBox.setStandardButtons(QtWidgets
    .QDialogButtonBox.Cancel|QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Ok)
self.dialogButtonBox.setObjectName("dialogButtonBox")
self.author=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.author.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40,20,191,17))
self.author.setObjectName("author")
self.email=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.email.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40,50,271,17))
self.email.setObjectName("email")
self.github=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.github.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40,80,351,17))
self.github.setObjectName("github")
self.GPL=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.GPL.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40,110,161,17))
self.GPL.setObjectName("GPL")
self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
self.dialogButtonBox.accepted.connect(Dialog.accept)
self.dialogButtonBox.rejected.connect(Dialog.reject)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)
defretranslateUi(self,Dialog):
_translate=QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog","Dialog"))
self.author.setText(_translate("Dialog","作者:陈严肃"))
self.email.setText(_translate("Dialog"
    ,"联系邮箱:aschenyansu@foxmail.com"))
self.github.setText(_translate("Dialog","github:https://github
    .com/chenyansu/pyspidergui"))
self.GPL.setText(_translate("Dialog","本软件遵循GPLv2协议"))
if__name__=="__main__":
importsys
app=QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
Dialog3=QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui3=Ui_Dialog()
ui3.setupUi(Dialog3)
Dialog3.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

(三)窗口一:

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fromPyQt5importQtCore,QtGui,QtWidgets
classUi_Dialog(object):
defsetupUi2(self,Dialog):
Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
Dialog.resize(480,297)
self.buttonBox=QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox(Dialog)
self.buttonBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260,240,181,32))
self.buttonBox.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
self.buttonBox.setStandardButtons(QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox
    .Cancel|QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Ok)
self.buttonBox.setObjectName("buttonBox")
self.hostlnedt=QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
self.hostlnedt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(120,20,113,27))
self.hostlnedt.setObjectName("hostlnedt")
self.hostlbl=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.hostlbl.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20,26,81,21))
self.hostlbl.setObjectName("hostlbl")
self.usernamelbl=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.usernamelbl.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20,90,51,17))
self.usernamelbl.setObjectName("usernamelbl")
self.userlnedt=QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
self.userlnedt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(120,80,113,27))
self.userlnedt.setObjectName("userlnedt")
self.passwdlbl=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.passwdlbl.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20,140,81,20))
self.passwdlbl.setObjectName("passwdlbl")
self.passwdlnedit=QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
self.passwdlnedit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(120,130,113,27))
self.passwdlnedit.setObjectName("passwdlnedit")
self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
self.buttonBox.accepted.connect(Dialog.accept)
self.buttonBox.rejected.connect(Dialog.reject)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)
defretranslateUi(self,Dialog):
_translate=QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog","登陆mysql"))
self.hostlnedt.setText(_translate("Dialog","localhost"))
self.hostlbl.setText(_translate("Dialog","HOST地址"))
self.usernamelbl.setText(_translate("Dialog","用户名"))
self.passwdlbl.setText(_translate("Dialog","数据库密码"))
if__name__=="__main__":
importsys
app=QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
Dialog=QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui=Ui_Dialog()
ui.setupUi2(Dialog)
Dialog.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

(四)窗口二:

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fromPyQt5importQtCore,QtGui,QtWidgets
classUi_Dialog3(object):
defsetupUi3(self,Dialog):
Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
Dialog.resize(400,296)
self.dialogButtonBox=QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox(Dialog)
self.dialogButtonBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(190,240,181,32))
self.dialogButtonBox.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
self.dialogButtonBox.setStandardButtons(QtWidgets
    .QDialogButtonBox.Cancel|QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Ok)
self.dialogButtonBox.setObjectName("dialogButtonBox")
self.author=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.author.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40,20,191,17))
self.author.setObjectName("author")
self.email=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.email.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40,50,271,17))
self.email.setObjectName("email")
self.github=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.github.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40,80,351,17))
self.github.setObjectName("github")
self.GPL=QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.GPL.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40,110,161,17))
self.GPL.setObjectName("GPL")
self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
self.dialogButtonBox.accepted.connect(Dialog.accept)
self.dialogButtonBox.rejected.connect(Dialog.reject)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)
defretranslateUi(self,Dialog):
_translate=QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog","Dialog"))
self.author.setText(_translate("Dialog","作者:陈严肃"))
self.email.setText(_translate("Dialog"
    ,"联系邮箱:aschenyansu@foxmail.com"))
self.github.setText(_translate("Dialog","github:https://github
    .com/chenyansu/pyspidergui"))
self.GPL.setText(_translate("Dialog","本软件遵循GPLv2协议"))
if__name__=="__main__":
importsys
app=QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
Dialog3=QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui3=Ui_Dialog()
ui3.setupUi(Dialog3)
Dialog3.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())