一、view树的绘制流程
measure--->layout--->draw
measure
1、ViewGroup.LayoutParams 指定部件的长宽
2、MeasureSpec 32位的int值 前两位代表模式 后30位测量规格的大小
layout
draw
invalidate()请求android系统 如果大小没有发生变化 就不会调用layout放置这个过程
requestLayout() 当布局发生变化时 希望重新测量尺寸大小 就会触发 measure和layout 但不会调用draw方法
View的绘制流程：OnMeasure()——>OnLayout()——>OnDraw()
各步骤的主要工作：
OnMeasure()：测量视图大小。从顶层父View到子View递归调用measure方法，measure方法又回调OnMeasure。
OnLayout()：确定View位置，进行页面布局。从顶层父View向子View的递归调用view.layout方法的过程，即父View根据上一步measure子View所得到的布局大小和布局参数，将子View放在合适的位置上。
OnDraw()：绘制视图。ViewRoot创建一个Canvas对象，然后调用OnDraw()。六个步骤：①、绘制视图的背景；②、保存画布的图层（Layer）；③、绘制View的内容；④、绘制View子视图，如果没有就不用；⑤、还原图层（Layer）；⑥、绘制滚动条。
OnMeasure
View树的绘制是从ViewRoot的performTraversals()方法开始，这个方法的主要作用是判断是否重新measure、是否重新layout、是否重新draw。
private void performTraversals() {
......
int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
......
mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
......
mView.layout(0, 0, mView.getMeasuredWidth(), mView.getMeasuredHeight());
......
mView.draw(canvas);
......
}
private int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
int measureSpec;
switch (rootDimension) {
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
break;
default:
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
}
return measureSpec;
}
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||
widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_MEASURE);
}
onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
+ " measured dimension by calling"
+ " setMeasuredDimension()");
}
mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
}
mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
//View的onMeasure默认实现方法，设置View的长和宽；如果写死，则外边变化时界面不变化
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}
如果是ViewGroup，还应该进行嵌套测量
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
final int size = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final View child = children[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}
}
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
......
}
//将mode与size通过MeasureSpec方法整合为32位整数返回
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
MeasureSpec 的值由specSize和specMode共同组成的，高2位代表specMode，低30代表spceSize，其中specSize记录的是大小，specMode记录的是规格。
specMode一共有三种类型：
EXACTLY
表示父视图希望子视图的大小应该是由specSize的值来决定的，系统默认会按照这个规则来设置子视图的大小，开发人员当然也可以按照自己的意愿设置成任意的大小。AT_MOST
表示子视图最多只能是specSize中指定的大小，开发人员应该尽可能小得去设置这个视图，并且保证不会超过specSize。系统默认会按照这个规则来设置子视图的大小，开发人员当然也可以按照自己的意愿设置成任意的大小。UNSPECIFIED
表示开发人员可以将视图按照自己的意愿设置成任意的大小，没有任何限制。这种情况比较少见。
每个View控件的实际宽高都是由父视图和自身决定的。实际的测量是在onMeasure方法进行，所以在View的子类需要重写onMeasure方法，这是因为measure方法是final的，不允许重载，所以View子类只能通过重载onMeasure来实现自己的测量逻辑。
OnLayout
测量完各个组件的大小之后，就可以排列他们的位置了。
private void performTraversals() {
......
int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
......
mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
......
mView.layout(0, 0, mView.getMeasuredWidth(), mView.getMeasuredHeight());
......
mView.draw(canvas);
......
}
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
int oldL = mLeft;
int oldT = mTop;
int oldB = mBottom;
int oldR = mRight;
boolean changed = setFrame(l, t, r, b);//视图大小是否发生变化
if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_LAYOUT);
}
onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
mPrivateFlags &= ~LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
if (mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
(ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>) mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
}
}
}
mPrivateFlags &= ~FORCE_LAYOUT;
}
View中的onLayout()方法就是一个空方法，因为onLayout()过程是为了确定视图在布局中所在的位置，而这个操作应该是由布局来完成的，即父视图决定子视图的显示位置。
@Override
/**
*ViewGroupd的onLayout方法
*/
protected abstract void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b);
然而，ViewGroup中的onLayout()方法是一个抽象方法，这就意味着所有ViewGroup的子类都必须重写这个方法。自定义ViewGroup控件中，onLayout配合onMeasure方法一起使用可以实现自定义View的复杂布局。自定义View首先调用onMeasure进行测量，然后调用onLayout方法动态获取子View和子View的测量大小，然后进行layout布局。重载onLayout的目的就是安排其children在父View的具体位置，重载onLayout通常做法就是写一个for循环调用每一个子视图的layout(l, t, r, b)函数，传入不同的参数l, t, r, b来确定每个子视图在父视图中的显示位置。
下面代码以LinearLayout举例：
public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup {
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
} else {
layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
}
}
}
void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
final int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
int childTop;
int childLeft;
final int width = right - left;
int childRight = width - mPaddingRight;
int childSpace = width - paddingLeft - mPaddingRight;
final int count = getVirtualChildCount();
final int majorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
final int minorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.RELATIVE_HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
switch (majorGravity) {
case Gravity.BOTTOM:
childTop = mPaddingTop + bottom - top - mTotalLength;
break;
case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
childTop = mPaddingTop + (bottom - top - mTotalLength) / 2;
break;
case Gravity.TOP:
default:
childTop = mPaddingTop;
break;
}
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
childTop += measureNullChild(i);
} else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
(LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int gravity = lp.gravity;
if (gravity < 0) {
gravity = minorGravity;
}
final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);
switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
childLeft = paddingLeft + ((childSpace - childWidth) / 2)
+ lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.RIGHT:
childLeft = childRight - childWidth - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.LEFT:
default:
childLeft = paddingLeft + lp.leftMargin;
break;
}
if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
childTop += mDividerHeight;
}
childTop += lp.topMargin;
setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
childWidth, childHeight);
childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
}
}
}
到这里就不得不提getWidth()、getHeight()和getMeasuredWidth()、getMeasuredHeight()这两对方法之间的区别（上面分析measure过程已经说过getMeasuredWidth()、getMeasuredHeight()必须在onMeasure之后使用才有效）。可以看出来getWidth()与getHeight()方法必须在layout(int l, int t, int r, int b)执行之后才有效。那我们看下View源码中这些方法的实现吧，如下：
public final int getMeasuredWidth() {
return mMeasuredWidth & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
}
public final int getMeasuredHeight() {
return mMeasuredHeight & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
}
public final int getWidth() {
return mRight - mLeft;
}
public final int getHeight() {
return mBottom - mTop;
}
public final int getLeft() {
return mLeft;
}
public final int getRight() {
return mRight;
}
public final int getTop() {
return mTop;
}
public final int getBottom() {
return mBottom;
}
OnDraw
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.DRAW);
}
final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & DIRTY_MASK) == DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
(mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~DIRTY_MASK) | DRAWN;
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
final Drawable background = mBGDrawable;
if (background != null) {
final int scrollX = mScrollX;
final int scrollY = mScrollY;
if (mBackgroundSizeChanged) {
background.setBounds(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
mBackgroundSizeChanged = false;
}
if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
background.draw(canvas);
} else {
canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
background.draw(canvas);
canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
}
}
}
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
// we're done...
return;
}
}