基于Netty和SpringBoot实现一个轻量级RPC框架-Client篇

时间:2024-05-01 21:35:09

前提

前置文章:

前一篇文章相对简略地介绍了RPC服务端的编写,而这篇博文最要介绍服务端(Client)的实现。RPC调用一般是面向契约编程的,而Client的核心功能就是:把契约接口方法的调用抽象为使用NettyRPC服务端通过私有协议发送一个请求。这里最底层的实现依赖于动态代理,因此动态代理是动态实现接口的最简单方式(如果字节码研究得比较深入,可以通过字节码编程实现接口)。需要的依赖如下:

  • JDK1.8+
  • Netty:4.1.44.Final
  • SpringBoot:2.2.2.RELEASE

动态代理的简单使用

一般可以通过JDK动态代理或者Cglib的字节码增强来实现此功能,为了简单起见,不引入额外的依赖,这里选用JDK动态代理。这里重新搬出前面提到的契约接口HelloService

public interface HelloService {

    String sayHello(String name);
}

接下来需要通过动态代理为此接口添加一个实现:

public class TestDynamicProxy {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<HelloService> interfaceKlass = HelloService.class;
InvocationHandler handler = new HelloServiceImpl(interfaceKlass);
HelloService helloService = (HelloService)
Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceKlass.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{interfaceKlass}, handler);
System.out.println(helloService.sayHello("throwable"));
} @RequiredArgsConstructor
private static class HelloServiceImpl implements InvocationHandler { private final Class<?> interfaceKlass; @Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
// 这里应该根据方法的返回值类型去决定返回结果
return String.format("[%s#%s]方法被调用,参数列表:%s", interfaceKlass.getName(), method.getName(),
JSON.toJSONString(args));
}
}
}
// 控制台输出结果
[club.throwable.contract.HelloService#sayHello]方法被调用,参数列表:["throwable"]

这里可以确认两点:

  1. InvocationHandler实现后会对被代理接口生成一个动态实现类。
  2. 动态实现类(接口)方法被调用的时候,实际上是调用InvocationHandler对应实例的invoke()方法,传入的参数就是当前方法调用的元数据。

Client端代码实现

Client端需要通过动态代理为契约接口生成一个动态实现类,然后提取契约接口调用方法时候所能提供的元数据,通过这些元数据和Netty客户端的支持(例如NettyChannel)基于私有RPC协议组装请求信息并且发送请求。这里先定义一个请求参数提取器接口RequestArgumentExtractor

@Data
public class RequestArgumentExtractInput { private Class<?> interfaceKlass; private Method method;
} @Data
public class RequestArgumentExtractOutput { private String interfaceName; private String methodName; private List<String> methodArgumentSignatures;
} // 接口
public interface RequestArgumentExtractor { RequestArgumentExtractOutput extract(RequestArgumentExtractInput input);
}

简单实现一下,解析结果添加到缓存中,实现类DefaultRequestArgumentExtractor代码如下:

public class DefaultRequestArgumentExtractor implements RequestArgumentExtractor {

    private final ConcurrentMap<CacheKey, RequestArgumentExtractOutput> cache = Maps.newConcurrentMap();

    @Override

    public RequestArgumentExtractOutput extract(RequestArgumentExtractInput input) {
Class<?> interfaceKlass = input.getInterfaceKlass();
Method method = input.getMethod();
String methodName = method.getName();
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
return cache.computeIfAbsent(new CacheKey(interfaceKlass.getName(), methodName,
Lists.newArrayList(parameterTypes)), x -> {
RequestArgumentExtractOutput output = new RequestArgumentExtractOutput();
output.setInterfaceName(interfaceKlass.getName());
List<String> methodArgumentSignatures = Lists.newArrayList();
for (Class<?> klass : parameterTypes) {
methodArgumentSignatures.add(klass.getName());
}
output.setMethodArgumentSignatures(methodArgumentSignatures);
output.setMethodName(methodName);
return output;
});
} @RequiredArgsConstructor
private static class CacheKey { private final String interfaceName;
private final String methodName;
private final List<Class<?>> parameterTypes; @Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
CacheKey cacheKey = (CacheKey) o;
return Objects.equals(interfaceName, cacheKey.interfaceName) &&
Objects.equals(methodName, cacheKey.methodName) &&
Objects.equals(parameterTypes, cacheKey.parameterTypes);
} @Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(interfaceName, methodName, parameterTypes);
}
}
}

在不考虑重连、断连等情况下,新增一个类ClientChannelHolder用于保存Netty客户端的Channel实例:

public class ClientChannelHolder {

    public static final AtomicReference<Channel> CHANNEL_REFERENCE = new AtomicReference<>();
}

接着新增一个契约动态代理工厂(工具类)ContractProxyFactory,用于为契约接口生成代理类实例:

public class ContractProxyFactory {

    private static final RequestArgumentExtractor EXTRACTOR = new DefaultRequestArgumentExtractor();
private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Object> CACHE = Maps.newConcurrentMap(); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T ofProxy(Class<T> interfaceKlass) {
// 缓存契约接口的代理类实例
return (T) CACHE.computeIfAbsent(interfaceKlass, x ->
Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceKlass.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{interfaceKlass}, (target, method, args) -> {
RequestArgumentExtractInput input = new RequestArgumentExtractInput();
input.setInterfaceKlass(interfaceKlass);
input.setMethod(method);
RequestArgumentExtractOutput output = EXTRACTOR.extract(input);
// 封装请求参数
RequestMessagePacket packet = new RequestMessagePacket();
packet.setMagicNumber(ProtocolConstant.MAGIC_NUMBER);
packet.setVersion(ProtocolConstant.VERSION);
packet.setSerialNumber(SerialNumberUtils.X.generateSerialNumber());
packet.setMessageType(MessageType.REQUEST);
packet.setInterfaceName(output.getInterfaceName());
packet.setMethodName(output.getMethodName());
packet.setMethodArgumentSignatures(output.getMethodArgumentSignatures().toArray(new String[0]));
packet.setMethodArguments(args);
Channel channel = ClientChannelHolder.CHANNEL_REFERENCE.get();
// 发起请求
channel.writeAndFlush(packet);
// 这里方法返回值需要进行同步处理,相对复杂,后面专门开一篇文章讲解,暂时统一返回字符串
// 如果契约接口的返回值类型不是字符串,这里方法返回后会抛出异常
return String.format("[%s#%s]调用成功,发送了[%s]到NettyServer[%s]", output.getInterfaceName(),
output.getMethodName(), JSON.toJSONString(packet), channel.remoteAddress());
}));
}
}

最后编写客户端ClientApplication的代码:

@Slf4j
public class ClientApplication { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 9092;
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
try {
bootstrap.group(workerGroup);
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, Boolean.TRUE);
bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, Boolean.TRUE);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(1024, 0, 4, 0, 4));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new RequestMessagePacketEncoder(FastJsonSerializer.X));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ResponseMessagePacketDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ResponseMessagePacket>() {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ResponseMessagePacket packet) throws Exception {
Object targetPayload = packet.getPayload();
if (targetPayload instanceof ByteBuf) {
ByteBuf byteBuf = (ByteBuf) targetPayload;
int readableByteLength = byteBuf.readableBytes();
byte[] bytes = new byte[readableByteLength];
byteBuf.readBytes(bytes);
targetPayload = FastJsonSerializer.X.decode(bytes, String.class);
byteBuf.release();
}
packet.setPayload(targetPayload);
log.info("接收到来自服务端的响应消息,消息内容:{}", JSON.toJSONString(packet));
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect("localhost", port).sync();
// 保存Channel实例,暂时不考虑断连重连
ClientChannelHolder.CHANNEL_REFERENCE.set(future.channel());
// 构造契约接口代理类实例
HelloService helloService = ContractProxyFactory.ofProxy(HelloService.class);
String result = helloService.sayHello("throwable");
log.info(result);
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}

先启动《基于Netty和SpringBoot实现一个轻量级RPC框架-Server篇》一文中的ServerApplication,再启动ClientApplication,控制台输出如下:

// 服务端日志
2020-01-16 22:34:51 [main] INFO c.throwable.server.ServerApplication - 启动NettyServer[9092]成功...
2020-01-16 22:36:35 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO club.throwable.server.ServerHandler - 服务端接收到:RequestMessagePacket(interfaceName=club.throwable.contract.HelloService, methodName=sayHello, methodArgumentSignatures=[java.lang.String], methodArguments=[PooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf(ridx: 0, widx: 11, cap: 11/144)])
2020-01-16 22:36:35 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO club.throwable.server.ServerHandler - 查找目标实现方法成功,目标类:club.throwable.server.contract.DefaultHelloService,宿主类:club.throwable.server.contract.DefaultHelloService,宿主方法:sayHello
2020-01-16 22:36:35 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO club.throwable.server.ServerHandler - 服务端输出:{"attachments":{},"errorCode":200,"magicNumber":10086,"message":"Success","messageType":"RESPONSE","payload":"\"throwable say hello!\"","serialNumber":"63d386214d30410c9e5f04de03d8b2da","version":1} // 客户端日志
2020-01-16 22:36:35 [main] INFO c.throwable.client.ClientApplication - [club.throwable.contract.HelloService#sayHello]调用成功,发送了[{"attachments":{},"interfaceName":"club.throwable.contract.HelloService","magicNumber":10086,"messageType":"REQUEST","methodArgumentSignatures":["java.lang.String"],"methodArguments":["throwable"],"methodName":"sayHello","serialNumber":"63d386214d30410c9e5f04de03d8b2da","version":1}]到NettyServer[localhost/127.0.0.1:9092]
2020-01-16 22:36:35 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO c.throwable.client.ClientApplication - 接收到来自服务端的响应消息,消息内容:{"attachments":{},"errorCode":200,"magicNumber":10086,"message":"Success","messageType":"RESPONSE","payload":"\"throwable say hello!\"","serialNumber":"63d386214d30410c9e5f04de03d8b2da","version":1}

小结

Client端主要负责契约接口调用转换为发送RPC协议请求这一步,核心技术就是动态代理,在不进行模块封装优化的前提下实现是相对简单的。这里其实Client端还有一个比较大的技术难题没有解决,上面例子中客户端日志输出如果眼尖的伙伴会发现,Client端发送RPC请求的线程(main线程)和Client端接收ServerRPC响应处理的线程(nioEventLoopGroup-2-1线程)并不相同,这一点是Netty处理网络请求之所以能够如此高效的根源(简单来说就是请求和响应是异步的,两个流程本来是互不感知的)。但是更多情况下,我们希望外部请求是同步的,希望发送RPC请求的线程得到响应结果再返回(这里请求和响应有可能依然是异步流程)。下一篇文章会详细分析一下如果对请求-响应做同步化处理。

Demo项目地址:

(c-2-d e-a-20200116)