在ASP.NET Core 2.0中使用CookieAuthentication

时间:2023-02-03 21:35:49

在ASP.NET Core中关于Security有两个容易混淆的概念一个是Authentication(认证),一个是Authorization(授权)。而前者是确定用户是谁的过程,后者是围绕着他们允许做什么,今天的主题就是关于在ASP.NET Core 2.0中如何使用CookieAuthentication认证。

在ASP.NET Core 2.0中使用CookieAuthentication跟在1.0中有些不同,需要在ConfigureServices和Configure中分别设置,前者我们叫注册服务,后者我们叫注册中间件

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddCookieAuthentication();
services.AddMvc(options =>
{
var policy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
.RequireAuthenticatedUser()
.Build();
     // 因为是后台系统,必须登陆以后才能操作
options.Filters.Add(new AuthorizeFilter(policy));
});
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
}
app.UseStaticFiles();

  // 使用Authentication中间件 app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});
}

在上面的services.AddCookieAuthentication中没有任何参数,系统会为某些属性指定默认值

public static class CookieAuthenticationDefaults
{
/// <summary>
/// The default value used for CookieAuthenticationOptions.AuthenticationScheme
/// </summary>
public const string AuthenticationScheme = "Cookies";

/// <summary>
/// The prefix used to provide a default CookieAuthenticationOptions.CookieName
/// </summary>
public static readonly string CookiePrefix = ".AspNetCore.";

/// <summary>
/// The default value used by CookieAuthenticationMiddleware for the
/// CookieAuthenticationOptions.LoginPath
/// </summary>
public static readonly PathString LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login");

/// <summary>
/// The default value used by CookieAuthenticationMiddleware for the
/// CookieAuthenticationOptions.LogoutPath
/// </summary>
public static readonly PathString LogoutPath = new PathString("/Account/Logout");

/// <summary>
/// The default value used by CookieAuthenticationMiddleware for the
/// CookieAuthenticationOptions.AccessDeniedPath
/// </summary>
public static readonly PathString AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/AccessDenied");

/// <summary>
/// The default value of the CookieAuthenticationOptions.ReturnUrlParameter
/// </summary>
public static readonly string ReturnUrlParameter = "ReturnUrl";
}

根据微软的命名规范在ConfigureServices统一使用Add***,在Configure统一使用Use***

登陆代码

public async Task<IActionResult> LoginDo()
{
  var user = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(new[] { new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, "bob") }, CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme));
  await HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, user, new AuthenticationProperties
  {
    IsPersistent = true,
    ExpiresUtc = DateTimeOffset.Now.Add(TimeSpan.FromDays(180))
  });
  return Redirect("/");
}

登出代码

public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
{
await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
return Redirect("/");
}