nginx多虚拟主机优先级location匹配规则及tryfiles的使用

时间：2024-01-21 09:52:39
nginx多虚拟主机优先级location匹配规则及tryfiles的使用

.相同server_name多个虚拟主机优先级访问

.location匹配优先级

.try_files使用

.nginx的alias和root区别

.用什么方法传递用户的真实IP

.相同server_name多个虚拟主机优先级访问

环境准备

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat server01.conf

server {

    listen ;

    server_name server01 es.chinasoft.com;

    location / {

        root /opt/app/code1;

        index index.html index.htm;

    }

    error_page      /50x.html;

    location = /50x.html {

        root /usr/share/nginx/html;

    }

}

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat server02.conf

server {

    listen ;

    server_name server02 es.chinasoft.com;

    location / {

        root /opt/app/code2;

        index index.html index.htm;

    }

    error_page      /50x.html;

    location = /50x.html {

        root /usr/share/nginx/html;

    }

}

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# diff server01.conf server02.conf

3c3

<     server_name server01 es.chinasoft.com;

---

>     server_name server02 es.chinasoft.com;

6c6

<         root /opt/app/code1;

---

>         root /opt/app/code2;

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /opt/app/code1/index.html

<h1>server01</h1>

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /opt/app/code2/index.html

<h1>server02</h1>

测试

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/index.html

<h1>server01</h1>

修改配置文件，重新加载nginx，再次测试发现访问server02了

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# mv server01.conf server03.conf

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/index.html

<h1>server02</h1>

.location匹配优先级

= 进行普通字符精确匹配，也就是完全匹配

^~ 表示普通字符匹配，使用前缀匹配

~ \~* 表示执行一个正则匹配()

环境准备：

nginx的配置

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat location_test.conf

server {

    listen ;

    server_name testserver01 es.chinasoft.com;

    root /opt/app;

    location = /code1/ {

        rewrite ^(.*)$ /code1/index.html break;

    }

    location ~ /code.* {

        rewrite ^(.*)$ /code3/index.html break;

    }

    location ^~ /code {

        rewrite ^(.*)$ /code2/index.html break;

    }

}

代码：

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# mkdir /opt/app/{code1,code2,code3}

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# echo "<h1>code1</h1>" >> /opt/app/code1/index.html

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# echo "<h1>code2</h1>" >> /opt/app/code2/index.html

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# echo "<h1>code3</h1>" >> /opt/app/code3/index.html

测试：

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/code1/

<h1>server01</h1>

<h1>code1</h1>

注释掉code1部分

#location = /code1/ {

    #    rewrite ^(.*)$ /code1/index.html break;

    #}

重新加载nginx，测试发现就匹配到了code2中

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/code1/

<h1>server02</h1>

<h1>code2</h1>

.nginx中try_files的使用

环境准备：

nginx的配置

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat tryfiles_test.conf

server {

    listen ;

    server_name testserver01 es.chinasoft.com;

    root /opt/app;

    location / {

        root /opt/app/code/cache;

        try_files $uri @java_page;

    }

    location @java_page {

        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9090;

    }

}

/opt/app/code/cache/目录下的html页面

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /opt/app/code/cache/jack.html

cache

tomcat下的html页面

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /data/yunva/test_tomcat8..37_9090/webapps/ROOT/jack.html

<html>

<head>

    <meta charset="utf-8">

    <title>server </title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>java page</h1>

</body>

</html>

测试：

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/jack.html

cache

将/opt/app/code/cache目录下的html页面重命名，模拟页面不存在，可以看到再次访问就到了@java_page

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# pwd

/opt/app/code/cache

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# mv jack.html jack.html.bak

[root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/jack.html

<html>

<head>

    <meta charset="utf-8">

    <title>server </title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>java page</h1>

</body>

</html>

.nginx的alias和root区别

Root会做拼接路径处理，alias就不拼接，而是直接访问alias目录下的文件

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