untraked file 未跟踪的文件，通常为新建立的文件
traked file 通常为建立索引之后的文件
ignored 被忽略的文件，这类型的文件通常在一个文件列表中。维护这个列表的文件在版本库根目录名字为 .gitignore
初始化版本库，保证刚创建状态
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huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ ls
hello
huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ ls -a
./ ../ .git/ hello
huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ rm -rf .git/ hello
huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/Users/huawei/Desktop/git-repo/.git/
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创建文件查看文件类型，发现为untraked file未被跟踪的文件
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huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ echo "hello world" > hello
huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
hello
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
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被跟踪的文件通常为建立索引之后的文件，可以通过git ls-files -s查看。至于被忽略的文件可以看下面的演示，将文件名写入到.gitignore文件即可
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huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ echo "a" > a
huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
a
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ echo a >> .gitignore
huawei@DESKTOP-JTC012C MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git-repo (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
.gitignore
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
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.gitignore文件语法
#开头的行用于注释
空行会被注释
目录名末尾用反斜线(/)标记
包含shell通配符，如*。例 debug/32bit/*.o
起始地感叹号用于取反模式
原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/qq_34677946/article/details/78834246