I try do compile a simple thread program for Win on Linux with mingw.
我尝试编译一个简单的线程程序，用mingw在Linux上取得胜利。
For that I load the source and drop the source to my directory. Than I wrote a makefile. For Linux it runs perfectly. But for Win I got many errors - some of them I can't fix already:
为此，我加载源代码并将源代码放到我的目录中。我写了一个makefile。对于Linux，它运行得非常好。但是为了赢，我犯了很多错误——有些是我不能改正的:
$ make
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN -c -o main.o main.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN -c -o usleep.o usleep.c
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean
make[1]: Betrete Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Verlasse Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog'
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static
make[1]: Betrete Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog/pthreads'
rm -f *~
rm -f *.i
rm -f *.s
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.obj
rm -f *.exe
rm -f pthread.def
make XOPT="-DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB" CLEANUP=-D__CLEANUP_C XC_FLAGS=" " OBJ="pthread.o version.o" libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Betrete Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c -o pthread.o -D__CLEANUP_C -O3 -DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -I. -DHAVE_PTW32_CONFIG_H -Wall pthread.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres --include-dir=. -D__CLEANUP_C -o version.o -i version.rc
rm -f libpthreadGC2.a
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar -rv libpthreadGC2.a pthread.o version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar: Erzeugen von libpthreadGC2.a
a - pthread.o
a - version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ranlib libpthreadGC2.a
echo touched > libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Verlasse Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog/pthreads'
make[1]: Verlasse Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN
------------------------------------------
create object files
usleep.o main.o
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o -o possix.exe
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x8c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: ./usleep.o: Falsche Verschiebungsadresse 0x0 in Abschnitt `.pdata'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: final link failed: Ungültiger Vorgang
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [prog] Fehler 1
How can I fix the linking problem?
如何修复链接问题?
to Dayal rai
新德里意大利广播电视公司
the includes of my headers are (in the order, which I think they are called):
我的标题包括(按顺序排列，我认为它们被称为):
main.c
c
/*#include <errno.h> */
/*#include <fcntl.h> */
#include <inttypes.h>
#include "./pthreads/pthread.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/*#include <termios.h> */
/*#include <unistd.h> */
#include "usleep.h" /* um usleep nutzen zu können */
usleep.h
usleep.h
...
#include "unistd.h"
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdio.h>
...
Could it be that it is wrong to include unistd.h for a windows target?
有可能是包括unistd是错误的。h对于windows目标?
I additionally reduce the number of headers and change their orders in any possibility, but the error still exist. I don't know where it come from....
另外，我还减少了头的数量，并在任何可能的情况下更改了它们的订单，但是错误仍然存在。我不知道它来自....
main.c
c
#include <inttypes.h> /* Spezielle int-Datentypen */
#include <stdio.h>
#if defined(FORCEWIN) || defined(_WIN64) || defined(_WIN32)
#include <time.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#elif __unix /* all unices not caught above */
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#endif
usleep.h
usleep.h
with english feedback
用英语反馈
LC_ALL=C make
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog'
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
rm -f *~
rm -f *.i
rm -f *.s
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.obj
rm -f *.exe
rm -f pthread.def
make XOPT="-DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB" CLEANUP=-D__CLEANUP_C XC_FLAGS=" " OBJ="pthread.o version.o" libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c -o pthread.o -D__CLEANUP_C -O3 -DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -I. -DHAVE_PTW32_CONFIG_H -Wall pthread.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres --include-dir=. -D__CLEANUP_C -o version.o -i version.rc
rm -f libpthreadGC2.a
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar -rv libpthreadGC2.a pthread.o version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar: creating libpthreadGC2.a
a - pthread.o
a - version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ranlib libpthreadGC2.a
echo touched > libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
------------------------------------------
create object files
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN
usleep.o main.o
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o -o possix.exe
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x8c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: ./usleep.o: bad reloc address 0x0 in section `.pdata'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: final link failed: Invalid operation
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [prog] Error 1
I have remove -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB the from the CFLAGS and now I get this
从CFLAGS中移除-DPTW32_STATIC_LIB现在我得到了这个。
LC_ALL=C make
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog'
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
rm -f *~
rm -f *.i
rm -f *.s
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.obj
rm -f *.exe
rm -f pthread.def
make XOPT="-DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB" CLEANUP=-D__CLEANUP_C XC_FLAGS=" " OBJ="pthread.o version.o" libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c -o pthread.o -D__CLEANUP_C -O3 -DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -I. -DHAVE_PTW32_CONFIG_H -Wall pthread.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres --include-dir=. -D__CLEANUP_C -o version.o -i version.rc
rm -f libpthreadGC2.a
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar -rv libpthreadGC2.a pthread.o version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar: creating libpthreadGC2.a
a - pthread.o
a - version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ranlib libpthreadGC2.a
echo touched > libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
------------------------------------------
create object files
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c -Wall -O3 -FORCEWIN
usleep.o main.o
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o -o possix.exe -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../../src/configure --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr --includedir='/usr/include' --mandir='/usr/share/man' --infodir='/usr/share/info' --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --libexecdir='/usr/lib/gcc-mingw-w64' --disable-maintainer-mode --disable-dependency-tracking --prefix=/usr --enable-shared --enable-static --disable-multilib --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-tune=generic --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --enable-threads=win32 --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++,ada --enable-lto --with-plugin-ld --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.6 --with-as=/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-as --with-ld=/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld
Thread model: win32
gcc version 4.6.3 (GCC)
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'possix.exe' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/collect2 -m i386pep -Bdynamic -o possix.exe /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/crt2.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o -lmingw32 -lgcc_eh -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lmingw32 -lgcc_eh -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/crtend.o
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_lock'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x23): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x6b): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_exit'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x8b): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_lock'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x9e): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x19c): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_exit'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: ./main.o: bad reloc address 0x0 in section `.pdata'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: final link failed: Invalid operation
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [prog] Error 1
It looks to me like a error coming from pthread confused
在我看来，这是一个来自pthread的错误。
In reference to the comments by Gavin Smith below I have done some changes in the makefile:
以下是加文·史密斯的评论，我在makefile中做了一些修改:
$ LC_ALL=C make
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog'
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static -v
GNU Make 3.81
Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
This program built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
------------------------------------------
create object files
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c -Wall -g -O3 -FORCEWIN
usleep.o main.o
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/libpthreadGC2.a -o possix.exe -v
GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.22.90.20120919
./main.o: In function `thr_ausgabe':
/mnt/prog/./main.c:66: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_lock'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:66: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:72: undefined reference to `printf'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:83: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_exit'
./main.o: In function `thr_arbeite':
/mnt/prog/./main.c:44: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_lock'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:46: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:56: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_exit'
./main.o: In function `main':
/mnt/prog/./main.c:89: undefined reference to `__main'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:100: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_init'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:105: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_create'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:116: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_join'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:111: undefined reference to `__imp___iob_func'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:111: undefined reference to `fprintf'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:106: undefined reference to `__imp___iob_func'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:106: undefined reference to `fprintf'
./usleep.o: In function `msleep':
/mnt/prog/./usleep.c:16: undefined reference to `__imp_select'
./usleep.o: In function `usleep':
/mnt/prog/./usleep.c:33: undefined reference to `__imp_select'
make: *** [prog] Error 1
The symbols of the main are now:
现在主要的符号是:
$ x86_64-w64-mingw32-nm main.o
0000000000000000 b .bss
0000000000000000 d .data
0000000000000000 N .debug_abbrev
0000000000000000 N .debug_aranges
0000000000000000 N .debug_frame
0000000000000000 N .debug_info
0000000000000000 N .debug_line
0000000000000000 N .debug_loc
0000000000000000 N .debug_ranges
U fprintf
U __imp___iob_func
U __imp_pthread_create
U __imp_pthread_exit
U __imp_pthread_join
U __imp_pthread_mutex_init
U __imp_pthread_mutex_lock
U __imp_pthread_mutex_unlock
0000000000000000 T main
U __main
U msleep
0000000000000000 p .pdata
0000000000000000 p .pdata.startup
U printf
0000000000000000 r .rdata
0000000000000000 t .text
0000000000000000 t .text.startup
0000000000000080 T thr_arbeite
0000000000000000 T thr_ausgabe
0000000000000000 r .xdata
0000000000000000 r .xdata.startup
I looking in the objectfile of the lib too an found the symbols a bit different to the main:
我在lib的objectfile中找到了一个与main不同的符号:
000000000000a9c0 T pthread_create
000000000000e6a0 T pthread_exit
000000000000b510 T pthread_join
00000000000024b0 T pthread_mutex_init
0000000000006c70 T pthread_mutex_lock
0000000000005800 T pthread_mutex_unlock
could it be useful to strip or rename the symbols from object files?
从对象文件中删除或重命名符号是否有用?
The actual situation:
实际情况:
terminal:
终端:
$ LC_ALL=C make
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/win'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/win'
------------------------------------------
create object files
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN
usleep.o main.o
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/win/pthreads'
rm -f *~
rm -f *.i
rm -f *.s
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.obj
rm -f *.exe
rm -f pthread.def
make XOPT="-DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB" CLEANUP=-D__CLEANUP_C XC_FLAGS=" " OBJ="pthread.o version.o" libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/win/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c -o pthread.o -D__CLEANUP_C -O3 -DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -I. -DHAVE_PTW32_CONFIG_H -Wall pthread.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres --include-dir=. -D__CLEANUP_C -o version.o -i version.rc
rm -f libpthreadGC2.a
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar -rv libpthreadGC2.a pthread.o version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar: creating libpthreadGC2.a
a - pthread.o
a - version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ranlib libpthreadGC2.a
echo touched > libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/win/pthreads'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/win/pthreads'
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/libpthreadGC2.a -o possix.exe
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x33): undefined reference to `printf'
./main.o:main.c:(.text.startup+0x6): undefined reference to `__main'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: ./main.o: bad reloc address 0x6 in section `.text.startup'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: final link failed: Invalid operation
make: *** [prog] Error 1
the symbols of the object file
对象文件的符号。
$ x86_64-w64-mingw32-nm main.o
0000000000000000 b .bss
0000000000000000 d .data
U fprintf
U __imp___iob_func
0000000000000000 T main
U __main
U msleep
0000000000000000 p .pdata
0000000000000000 p .pdata.startup
U printf
U pthread_create
U pthread_exit
U pthread_join
U pthread_mutex_init
U pthread_mutex_lock
U pthread_mutex_unlock
0000000000000000 r .rdata
0000000000000000 t .text
0000000000000000 t .text.startup
0000000000000080 T thr_arbeite
0000000000000000 T thr_ausgabe
0000000000000000 r .xdata
0000000000000000 r .xdata.startup
I really don't understand why he can't find printf and main....
我真的不明白他为什么找不到printf和主要....
usleep.o
usleep.o
$ x86_64-w64-mingw32-nm usleep.o
0000000000000000 b .bss
0000000000000000 d .data
U __imp_select
0000000000000000 T msleep
0000000000000000 p .pdata
0000000000000000 t .text
0000000000000050 T usleep
0000000000000000 r .xdata
2 个解决方案
#1
1
The error:
错误:
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
means that the symbol __imp_select is not defined. It could be in some other C file that you did not include in your final link step.
表示未定义符号__imp_select。它可能在其他的C文件中，你没有在最后的链接步骤中包含。
#2
1
It looks like you have created a static library file libpthreadGC2.a, but your linking command x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o -o possix.exe -v only links three object files and it is not among them. Try adding -lpthreadGC2 or libpthreadGC2.a to the linking command.
看起来您已经创建了一个静态库文件libpthreadGC2。但是您的链接命令是x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc。/main。o。/ usleep。o。/ pthreads / pthread。o - o possix。exe -v只连接三个对象文件，而它不在其中。尝试添加-lpthreadGC2或libpthreadGC2。a到链接命令。
If you want to check if an object file contains a missing symbol (e.g. __imp_pthread_mutex_unlock), you can try running nm libpthreadGC2.a | grep '__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock' to see if it is there.
如果要检查对象文件是否包含缺失的符号(例如__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock)，可以尝试运行nm libpthreadGC2。一个| grep '__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'，看看它是否在那里。
I read in the README for the pthread sources you linked to that you have to define PTW32_STATIC_LIB when building - is there a reason you removed the -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB option?
我在README中读到您链接到的pthread源，您必须在构建时定义PTW32_STATIC_LIB——您是否有理由删除- dptw32_static_lib选项?
#1
1
The error:
错误:
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
means that the symbol __imp_select is not defined. It could be in some other C file that you did not include in your final link step.
表示未定义符号__imp_select。它可能在其他的C文件中，你没有在最后的链接步骤中包含。
#2
1
It looks like you have created a static library file libpthreadGC2.a, but your linking command x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o -o possix.exe -v only links three object files and it is not among them. Try adding -lpthreadGC2 or libpthreadGC2.a to the linking command.
看起来您已经创建了一个静态库文件libpthreadGC2。但是您的链接命令是x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc。/main。o。/ usleep。o。/ pthreads / pthread。o - o possix。exe -v只连接三个对象文件，而它不在其中。尝试添加-lpthreadGC2或libpthreadGC2。a到链接命令。
If you want to check if an object file contains a missing symbol (e.g. __imp_pthread_mutex_unlock), you can try running nm libpthreadGC2.a | grep '__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock' to see if it is there.
如果要检查对象文件是否包含缺失的符号(例如__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock)，可以尝试运行nm libpthreadGC2。一个| grep '__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'，看看它是否在那里。
I read in the README for the pthread sources you linked to that you have to define PTW32_STATIC_LIB when building - is there a reason you removed the -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB option?
我在README中读到您链接到的pthread源，您必须在构建时定义PTW32_STATIC_LIB——您是否有理由删除- dptw32_static_lib选项?