今天在前面一节的基础之上，再增加一点新内容，默认情况下Spring Security不会对登录错误的尝试次数做限制，也就是说允许暴力尝试，这显然不够安全，下面的内容将带着大家一起学习如何限制登录尝试次数。
首先对之前创建的数据库表做点小调整
一、表结构调整
T_USERS增加了如下3个字段：
D_ACCOUNTNONEXPIRED，NUMBER(1) -- 表示帐号是否未过期
D_ACCOUNTNONLOCKED，NUMBER(1), -- 表示帐号是否未锁定
D_CREDENTIALSNONEXPIRED，NUMBER(1) --表示登录凭据是否未过期
要实现登录次数的限制，其实起作用的字段是D_ACCOUNTNONLOCKED，值为1时，表示正常，为0时表示被锁定，另外二个字段的作用以后的学习内容会详细解释。
新增一张表T_USER_ATTEMPTS，用来辅助记录每个用户登录错误时的尝试次数
D_ID 是流水号
D_USERNAME 用户名，外建引用T_USERS中的D_USERNAME
D_ATTEMPTS 登录次数
D_LASTMODIFIED 最后登录错误的日期
二、创建Model/DAO/DAOImpl
要对新加的T_USER_ATTEMPTS读写数据，得有一些操作DB的类，这里我们采用Spring的JDBCTemplate来处理，包结构参考下图：
T_USER_ATTEMPTS表对应的Model如下
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.model;
import java.util.Date;
public class UserAttempts {
private int id;
private String username;
private int attempts;
private Date lastModified;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public int getAttempts() {
return attempts;
}
public void setAttempts(int attempts) {
this.attempts = attempts;
}
public Date getLastModified() {
return lastModified;
}
public void setLastModified(Date lastModified) {
this.lastModified = lastModified;
}
}
UserAttempts
对应的DAO接口
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao;
import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.model.UserAttempts;
public interface UserDetailsDao {
void updateFailAttempts(String username);
void resetFailAttempts(String username);
UserAttempts getUserAttempts(String username);
}
UserDetailsDao
以及DAO接口的实现
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.impl; import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Date; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.UserDetailsDao;
import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.model.UserAttempts; @Repository
public class UserDetailsDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements
UserDetailsDao { private static final String SQL_USERS_UPDATE_LOCKED = "UPDATE t_users SET d_accountnonlocked = ? WHERE d_username = ?";
private static final String SQL_USERS_COUNT = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t_users WHERE d_username = ?"; private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_GET = "SELECT d_id id,d_username username,d_attempts attempts,d_lastmodified lastmodified FROM t_user_attempts WHERE d_username = ?";
private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_INSERT = "INSERT INTO t_user_attempts (d_id,d_username, d_attempts, d_lastmodified) VALUES(t_user_attempts_seq.nextval,?,?,?)";
private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_UPDATE_ATTEMPTS = "UPDATE t_user_attempts SET d_attempts = d_attempts + 1, d_lastmodified = ? WHERE d_username = ?";
private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_RESET_ATTEMPTS = "UPDATE t_user_attempts SET d_attempts = 0, d_lastmodified = null WHERE d_username = ?"; private static final int MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3; @Autowired
private DataSource dataSource; @PostConstruct
private void initialize() {
setDataSource(dataSource);
} @Override
public void updateFailAttempts(String username) {
UserAttempts user = getUserAttempts(username);
if (user == null) {
if (isUserExists(username)) {
// if no record, insert a new
getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_INSERT,
new Object[] { username, 1, new Date() });
}
} else { if (isUserExists(username)) {
// update attempts count, +1
getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_UPDATE_ATTEMPTS,
new Object[] { new Date(), username });
} if (user.getAttempts() + 1 >= MAX_ATTEMPTS) {
// locked user
getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USERS_UPDATE_LOCKED,
new Object[] { false, username });
// throw exception
throw new LockedException("User Account is locked!");
} }
} @Override
public void resetFailAttempts(String username) {
getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_RESET_ATTEMPTS,
new Object[] { username }); } @Override
public UserAttempts getUserAttempts(String username) {
try { UserAttempts userAttempts = getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(
SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_GET, new Object[] { username },
new RowMapper<UserAttempts>() {
public UserAttempts mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum)
throws SQLException { UserAttempts user = new UserAttempts();
user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
user.setAttempts(rs.getInt("attempts"));
user.setLastModified(rs.getDate("lastModified")); return user;
} });
return userAttempts; } catch (EmptyResultDataAccessException e) {
return null;
} } private boolean isUserExists(String username) { boolean result = false; int count = getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(SQL_USERS_COUNT,
new Object[] { username }, Integer.class);
if (count > 0) {
result = true;
} return result;
} }
UserDetailsDaoImpl
观察代码可以发现，对登录尝试次数的限制处理主要就在上面这个类中，登录尝试次数达到阈值3时，通过抛出异常LockedException来通知上层代码。
三、创建CustomUserDetailsService、LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.service; import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service("userDetailsService")
public class CustomUserDetailsService extends JdbcDaoImpl {
@Override
public void setUsersByUsernameQuery(String usersByUsernameQueryString) {
super.setUsersByUsernameQuery(usersByUsernameQueryString);
} @Override
public void setAuthoritiesByUsernameQuery(String queryString) {
super.setAuthoritiesByUsernameQuery(queryString);
} // override to pass get accountNonLocked
@Override
public List<UserDetails> loadUsersByUsername(String username) {
return getJdbcTemplate().query(super.getUsersByUsernameQuery(),
new String[] { username }, new RowMapper<UserDetails>() {
public UserDetails mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum)
throws SQLException {
String username = rs.getString("username");
String password = rs.getString("password");
boolean enabled = rs.getBoolean("enabled");
boolean accountNonExpired = rs
.getBoolean("accountNonExpired");
boolean credentialsNonExpired = rs
.getBoolean("credentialsNonExpired");
boolean accountNonLocked = rs
.getBoolean("accountNonLocked"); return new User(username, password, enabled,
accountNonExpired, credentialsNonExpired,
accountNonLocked, AuthorityUtils.NO_AUTHORITIES);
} });
} // override to pass accountNonLocked
@Override
public UserDetails createUserDetails(String username,
UserDetails userFromUserQuery,
List<GrantedAuthority> combinedAuthorities) {
String returnUsername = userFromUserQuery.getUsername(); if (super.isUsernameBasedPrimaryKey()) {
returnUsername = username;
} return new User(returnUsername, userFromUserQuery.getPassword(),
userFromUserQuery.isEnabled(),
userFromUserQuery.isAccountNonExpired(),
userFromUserQuery.isCredentialsNonExpired(),
userFromUserQuery.isAccountNonLocked(), combinedAuthorities);
}
}
CustomUserDetailsService
为什么需要这个类？因为下面这个类需要它：
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.provider; import java.util.Date; import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.UserDetailsDao;
import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.model.UserAttempts; @Component("authenticationProvider")
public class LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider extends DaoAuthenticationProvider {
UserDetailsDao userDetailsDao; @Override
public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
throws AuthenticationException { try { Authentication auth = super.authenticate(authentication); // if reach here, means login success, else exception will be thrown
// reset the user_attempts
userDetailsDao.resetFailAttempts(authentication.getName()); return auth; } catch (BadCredentialsException e) { userDetailsDao.updateFailAttempts(authentication.getName());
throw e; } catch (LockedException e) { String error = "";
UserAttempts userAttempts = userDetailsDao
.getUserAttempts(authentication.getName());
if (userAttempts != null) {
Date lastAttempts = userAttempts.getLastModified();
error = "User account is locked! <br><br>Username : "
+ authentication.getName() + "<br>Last Attempts : "
+ lastAttempts;
} else {
error = e.getMessage();
} throw new LockedException(error);
} } public UserDetailsDao getUserDetailsDao() {
return userDetailsDao;
} public void setUserDetailsDao(UserDetailsDao userDetailsDao) {
this.userDetailsDao = userDetailsDao;
}
}
LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider
这个类继承自org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider，而DaoAuthenticationProvider里需要一个UserDetailsService的实例，即我们刚才创建的CustomUserDetailService
LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider这个类如何使用呢？该配置文件出场了
四、spring-security.xml
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd"> <http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true">
<intercept-url pattern="/admin**" access="hasRole('ADMIN')" />
<!-- access denied page -->
<access-denied-handler error-page="/403" />
<form-login login-page="/login" default-target-url="/welcome"
authentication-failure-url="/login?error" username-parameter="username"
password-parameter="password" />
<logout logout-success-url="/login?logout" />
<csrf />
</http> <beans:bean id="userDetailsDao"
class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.impl.UserDetailsDaoImpl">
<beans:property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</beans:bean> <beans:bean id="customUserDetailsService"
class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.service.CustomUserDetailsService">
<beans:property name="usersByUsernameQuery"
value="SELECT d_username username,d_password password, d_enabled enabled,d_accountnonexpired accountnonexpired,d_accountnonlocked accountnonlocked,d_credentialsnonexpired credentialsnonexpired FROM t_users WHERE d_username=?" />
<beans:property name="authoritiesByUsernameQuery"
value="SELECT d_username username, d_role role FROM t_user_roles WHERE d_username=?" />
<beans:property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</beans:bean> <beans:bean id="authenticationProvider"
class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.provider.LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider">
<beans:property name="passwordEncoder" ref="encoder" />
<beans:property name="userDetailsService" ref="customUserDetailsService" />
<beans:property name="userDetailsDao" ref="userDetailsDao" />
</beans:bean> <beans:bean id="encoder"
class="org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder">
<beans:constructor-arg name="strength" value="9" />
</beans:bean> <authentication-manager>
<authentication-provider ref="authenticationProvider" />
</authentication-manager> </beans:beans>
跟之前的变化有点大，47行是核心，为了实现47行的注入，需要33-38行，而为了完成authenticationProvider所需的一些property的注入，又需要其它bean的注入，所以看上去增加的内容就有点多了，但并不难理解。
五、运行效果
连续3次输错密码后，将看到下面的提示
这时如果查下数据库，会看到
错误尝试次数，在db中已经达到阀值3
而且该用户的“是否未锁定”字段值为0，如果要手动解锁，把该值恢复为1，并将T_USER_ATTEMPTS中的尝试次数，改到3以下即可。
源代码下载：SpringSecurity-Limit-Login-Attempts-XML.zip
参考文章：
Spring Security : limit login attempts example