python3: 爬虫---- urllib, beautifulsoup

时间:2024-01-12 16:20:32

最近晚上学习爬虫,首先从基本的开始;

python3 将urllib,urllib2集成到urllib中了, urllib可以对指定的网页进行请求下载,  beautifulsoup 可以从杂乱的html代码中

分离出我们需要的部分;

注:  beautifulsoup 是一种可以从html 或XML文件中提取数据的python库;

实例1:

from urllib import request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
import re header = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.96 Safari/537.36'
} def download():
"""
模拟浏览器进行访问;
:param url:
:return:
"""
for pageIdx in range(1, 3, 1):
#print(pageIdx)
url = "https://www.cnblogs.com/#p%s" % str(pageIdx)
print(url)
req = request.Request(url, headers=header)
rep = request.urlopen(req).read()
data = rep.decode('utf-8')
print(data)
content = bs(data)
for link in content.find_all('h3'):
content1 = bs(str(link), 'html.parser')
print(content1.a['href'],content1.a.string)
curhtmlcontent = request.urlopen(request.Request(content1.a['href'], headers=header)).read()
#print(curhtmlcontent.decode('utf-8'))
open('%s.html' % content1.a.string, 'w',encoding='utf-8').write(curhtmlcontent.decode('utf-8')) if __name__ == "__main__":
download()

实例2:

# -- coding: utf-8 --
import unittest
import lxml
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs def school():
for index in range(2, 34, 1):
try:
url="http://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/gkxx/zszcgd/dnzszc/201706/20170615/1611254988-%s.html" % str(index)
r = requests.get(url=url)
soup = bs(r.content, 'lxml')
city = soup.find_all(name="td",attrs={"colspan":"7"})[0].string
fp = open("%s.txt" %(city), "w", encoding="utf-8")
content1 = soup.find_all(name="tr", attrs={"height": "29"})
for content2 in content1:
try:
contentTemp = bs(str(content2), "lxml")
soup_content = contentTemp.find_all(name="td")[1].string
fp.write(soup_content + "\n")
print(soup_content)
except IndexError:
pass
fp.close()
except IndexError:
pass class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_something(self):
school() if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

BeatifulSoup支持很多HTML解析器(下面是一些主要的):

解析器 使用方法 优势 劣势
Python标准库 BeautifulSoup(markup, “html.parser”) (1)Python的内置标准库(2)执行速度适中(3)文档容错能力强 Python 2.7.3 or 3.2.2)前 的版本中文档容错能力差
lxml HTML解析器 BeautifulSoup(markup, “lxml”) (1)速度快(2)文档容错能力强 需要安装C语言库
lxml XML解析器 BeautifulSoup(markup, [“lxml”, “xml”]) OR BeautifulSoup(markup, “xml”) (1)速度快(2)唯一支持XML的解析器 需要安装C语言库
html5lib BeautifulSoup(markup, “html5lib”) (1)最好的容错性(2)以浏览器的方式解析文档(3)生成HTML5格式的文档 (1)速度慢(2)不依赖外部扩展