Swift: 比较Swift中闭包传值、OC中的Block传值

时间:2024-01-12 13:54:02

一、介绍

开发者对匿名函数应该很清楚,其实它就是一个没有名字的函数或者方法,给人直观的感觉就是只能看到参数和返回值。在iOS开发中中,它又有自己的称呼,在OC中叫Block代码块,在Swift中叫闭包(Closure)函数。在我个人看来,两者并没有什么太大不同,定义和实现方式差不多,只不过是名称不一样罢了。由于开发用的比较多,所以我就针对OC和Swift分别写一下他们的传值方式,加深印象。

二、需求

定义两个控制器分别为FirstViewController和SecondViewController,在FirstViewController中定义闭包或者block,在Push到第二个控制器SecondViewController后,点击SecondViewController的屏幕触发闭包或者block,打印闭包或者block传递过来的值。

三、步骤

  • 声明闭包或者block别名
  • 定义闭包或者block属性
  • 定义触发闭包的函数/方法
  • 定义传值的函数/方法

四、测试

1、Swift:闭包Closure

FirstViewController.swift

import UIKit

/**
* 声明一个闭包别名,闭包含字符串类型的两个参数,无返回值(使用“()”或者“Void”都一样)
*/
typealias SwiftClosure = (name:String,age:Int) -> Void class FirstViewController: UIViewController { override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()

     //创建push按钮
let button = UIButton.init(frame: CGRectMake(200, 200, 100, 100))
button.setTitle("Push", forState: .Normal)
button.center = self.view.center
button.backgroundColor = UIColor.greenColor()
button.setTitleColor(UIColor.redColor(), forState: .Normal)
button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(PushSecondViewController), forControlEvents: .TouchUpInside)
self.view.addSubview(button)
} /**
* 定义闭包属性,可选类型
*/
var callBackClosure = SwiftClosure?() /**
* 定义触发闭包调用的方法,此时需要将要传递的参数存入闭包中
* 此处我将参数固定死了,开发中根据需要自己可以将需要的数值当做方法的参数,其实就是给方法添加参数即可,由外部决定参数值
* 例如: func TriggerClosure(name:String,age:Int) -> Void { }
*/
func TriggerClosure(){ if callBackClosure != nil {
callBackClosure!(name:"夏远全",age:26)
}
} /**
* 闭包触发调用后,对闭包属性赋值,同时提供调用外部访问闭包中数值的接口
*/
func callBackClosureFunction(closure:SwiftClosure){
callBackClosure = closure
} /**
* Push第二个控制器入栈
*/
func PushSecondViewController() -> Void {
self.navigationController?.pushViewController(SecondViewController(), animated: true)
}
}

SecondViewController.swift

import UIKit

class SecondViewController: UIViewController {

    /**
* 创建第一个控制器实例
*/
let firstVC = FirstViewController() override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.purpleColor() /**
* 接收闭包触发后回传的数值并打印
*/
firstVC.callBackClosureFunction { (name, age) in
print("name:\(name), age:\(age)")
}
} /**
* 点击屏幕触发闭包
*/
override func touchesBegan(touches: Set<UITouch>, withEvent event: UIEvent?) {
firstVC.TriggerClosure()
} }

点击演示结果如下,每一次点击都会触发闭包打印数据:

name:夏远全, age:
name:夏远全, age:
name:夏远全, age:
name:夏远全, age:26
..................

2、OC:Block代码块

FirstViewController.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

/**
* 声明一个block别名,block含字符串类型的两个参数,无返回值
*/
typedef void (^OCBlock)(NSString *name,NSInteger age); @interface FirstViewController : UIViewController /**
* 触发block
*/
-(void)TriggerBlock; /**
* block回调
*/
-(void)callBackBlockFunction:(OCBlock) block; @end

FirstViewController.m

#import "FirstViewController.h"
#import "SecondViewController.h" @interface FirstViewController ()
/**
* 定义block属性
*/
@property (copy,nonatomic)OCBlock callBackBlock;
@end @implementation FirstViewController - (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad]; //创建push按钮
UIButton *button = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(, , , )];
[button setTitle:@"Push" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[button setTitleColor:[UIColor greenColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[button setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
[button addTarget:self action:@selector(PushSecondViewController) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:button];
} /**
* Push第二个控制器入栈
*/
-(void)PushSecondViewController{
[self.navigationController pushViewController:[[SecondViewController alloc] init] animated:YES];
} /**
* 定义触发block调用的方法,此时需要将要传递的参数存入block中
* 此处我将参数固定死了,开发中根据需要自己可以将需要的数值当做方法的参数,其实就是给方法添加参数即可,由外部决定参数值
* 例如:-(void)TriggerBlock(name:String,age:Int) { }
*/
-(void)TriggerBlock{ if (self.callBackBlock) {
self.callBackBlock(@"夏远全",);
}
} /**
* block触发调用后,对block属性赋值,同时提供调用外部访问block中数值的接口
*/
-(void)callBackBlockFunction:(OCBlock) block{
self.callBackBlock = [block copy];
} @end

SecondViewController.m

#import "SecondViewController.h"
#import "FirstViewController.h" @interface SecondViewController ()
/**
* 创建第一个控制器实例
*/
@property (strong,nonatomic)FirstViewController *firstVC;
@end @implementation SecondViewController -(void)viewDidLoad{
[super viewDidLoad];
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor]; _firstVC = [[FirstViewController alloc] init]; /**
* 接收block触发后回传的数值
*/
[_firstVC callBackBlockFunction:^(NSString *name, NSInteger age) {
NSLog(@"name:%@ age:%ld",name,age);
}]; } /**
* 点击屏幕触发Block
*/
-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{ [_firstVC TriggerBlock];
} @end

点击演示结果如下,每一次点击都会触发闭包打印数据:

-- ::19.814 闭包[:] name:夏远全  age:
-- ::27.837 闭包[:] name:夏远全 age:
-- ::28.037 闭包[:] name:夏远全 age:
-- ::28.221 闭包[:] name:夏远全 age:
-- ::28.405 闭包[:] name:夏远全 age:
..............................................

本人原创,转载须注明出处,希望对大家有帮助,共同进步!!!