DRF之请求与响应的实现

时间:2021-08-08 05:26:15

1 请求和响应

1.1 请求

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
# 请求对象
# from rest_framework.request import Request
    def __init__(self, request, parsers=None, authenticators=None,
                 negotiator=None, parser_context=None):
        # 二次封装request,将原生request作为drf request对象的 _request 属性
        self._request = request
    def __getattr__(self,item):
     return getattr(self._request,item)
# 请求对象.data:前端以三种编码方式传入的数据,都可以取出来
# 请求对象..query_params 与Django标准的request.GET相同,只是更换了更正确的名称而已。

1.2 响应

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
#from rest_framework.response import Response
 def __init__(self, data=None, status=None,
                 template_name=None, headers=None,
                 exception=False, content_type=None):
        
#data:你要返回的数据,字典
#status:返回的状态码,默认是200,
 -from rest_framework import status在这个路径下,它把所有使用到的状态码都定义成了常量
#template_name 渲染的模板名字(自定制模板),不需要了解
#headers:响应头,可以往响应头放东西,就是一个字典
#content_type:响应的编码格式,application/json和text/html;
 
# 浏览器响应成浏览器的格式,postman响应成json格式,通过配置实现的(默认配置)
#不管是postman还是浏览器,都返回json格式数据
# drf有默认的配置文件---》先从项目的setting中找,找不到,采用默认的
# drf的配置信息,先从自己类中找--》项目的setting中找---》默认的找
 -局部使用:对某个视图类有效
        -在视图类中写如下
        from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
        renderer_classes=[JSONRenderer,]
    -全局使用:全局的视图类,所有请求,都有效
     -在setting.py中加入如下
        REST_FRAMEWORK = {
            'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': (  # 默认响应渲染类
                'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer'# json渲染器
                'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer'# 浏览API渲染器
            )
        }

2 视图

?
1
2
3
# 两个视图基类
APIView
GenericAPIView

2.1 基于APIView写接口

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
#### views.py
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from app01.models import Book
from app01.ser import BookSerializer
# 基于APIView写的
class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        book_ser=BookSerializer(book_list,many=True)
 
        return Response(book_ser.data)
    def post(self,request):
        book_ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'status':101,'msg':'校验失败'})
 
 
class BookDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self, request,pk):
        book = Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(book)
        return Response(book_ser.data)
 
    def put(self, request,pk):
        book = Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(instance=book,data=request.data)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'status': 101, 'msg': '校验失败'})
 
    def delete(self,request,pk):
        ret=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response({'status': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'})
    
#models.py
class Book(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
    publish=models.CharField(max_length=32)
#ser.py
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Book
        fields='__all__'
# urls.py
path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
re_path('books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),

2.2 基于GenericAPIView写的接口

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
# views.py
class Book2View(GenericAPIView):
    #queryset要传queryset对象,查询了所有的图书
    # serializer_class使用哪个序列化类来序列化这堆数据
    queryset=Book.objects
    # queryset=Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self,request):
        book_list=self.get_queryset()
        book_ser=self.get_serializer(book_list,many=True)
 
        return Response(book_ser.data)
    def post(self,request):
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'status':101,'msg':'校验失败'})
 
 
class Book2DetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self, request,pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(book)
        return Response(book_ser.data)
 
    def put(self, request,pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book,data=request.data)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'status': 101, 'msg': '校验失败'})
 
    def delete(self,request,pk):
        ret=self.get_object().delete()
        return Response({'status': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'})
    
 #url.py
    # 使用GenericAPIView重写的
    path('books2/', views.Book2View.as_view()),
    re_path('books2/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Book2DetailView.as_view()),

2.3 基于GenericAPIView和5个视图扩展类写的接口

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
from rest_framework.mixins import  ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin
# views.py
class Book3View(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin):
 
    queryset=Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self,request):
        return self.list(request)
 
    def post(self,request):
        return self.create(request)
 
class Book3DetailView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self, request,pk):
        return self.retrieve(request,pk)
 
    def put(self, request,pk):
        return self.update(request,pk)
 
    def delete(self,request,pk):
        return self.destroy(request,pk)
# urls.py
    # 使用GenericAPIView+5 个视图扩展类  重写的
    path('books3/', views.Book3View.as_view()),
    re_path('books3/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Book3DetailView.as_view()),

2.4 使用ModelViewSet编写5个接口

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class Book5View(ModelViewSet):  #5个接口都有,但是路由有点问题
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    
# urls.py
# 使用ModelViewSet编写5个接口
    path('books5/', views.Book5View.as_view(actions={'get':'list','post':'create'})), #当路径匹配,又是get请求,会执行Book5View的list方法
    re_path('books5/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Book5View.as_view(actions={'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'})),

2.5 源码分析ViewSetMixin

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
# 重写了as_view
# 核心代码(所以路由中只要配置了对应关系,比如{'get':'list'}),当get请求来,就会执行list方法
for method, action in actions.items():
    #method:get
    # action:list
    handler = getattr(self, action)
    #执行完上一句,handler就变成了list的内存地址
    setattr(self, method, handler)
    #执行完上一句  对象.get=list
    #for循环执行完毕 对象.get:对着list   对象.post:对着create

2.6 继承ViewSetMixin的视图类

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
class Book6View(ViewSetMixin,APIView): #一定要放在APIVIew前
    def get_all_book(self,request):
        print("xxxx")
        book_list = Book.objects.all()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(book_list, many=True)
        return Response(book_ser.data)
    
# urls.py
    #继承ViewSetMixin的视图类,路由可以改写成这样
    path('books6/', views.Book6View.as_view(actions={'get': 'get_all_book'})),

什么是正向代理,什么是反向代理

正向代理代理的对象是客户端,反向代理代理的对象是服务端

到此这篇关于DRF之请求与响应的实现的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关DRF 请求与响应内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家!

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhenghuiwen/p/13274903.html