HA(High Available), 高可用性集群，是保证业务连续性的有效解决方案，一般有两个或两个以上的节点，且分为活动节点及备用节点。
1.1. 高可靠软件keepalived
keepalive是一款可以实现高可靠的软件，通常部署在2台服务器上，分为一主一备。Keepalived可以对本机上的进程进行检测，一旦Master检测出某个进程出现问题，将自己切换成Backup状态，然后通知另外一个节点切换成Master状态。
1.2. keepalived安装
下载keepalived官网:http://keepalived.org
将keepalived解压到/usr/local/src目录下
tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
进入到/usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.19目录
cd /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.19
开始configure
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
编译并安装
make && make install
1.3. 将keepalived添加到系统服务中
拷贝执行文件
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
将init.d文件拷贝到etc下,加入开机启动项
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived
将keepalived文件拷贝到etc下
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
创建keepalived文件夹
mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
将keepalived配置文件拷贝到etc下
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
添加可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
##以上所有命令一次性执行：
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
chkconfig --add keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on
添加keepalived到开机启动
chkconfig --add keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on
1.4. 配置keepalived虚拟IP
修改配置文件： /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
MASTER节点
global_defs {
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #指定A节点为主节点 备用节点上设置为BACKUP即可
interface eth0 #绑定虚拟IP的网络接口
virtual_router_id 51 #VRRP组名，两个节点的设置必须一样，以指明各个节点属于同一VRRP组
priority 100 #主节点的优先级（1-254之间），备用节点必须比主节点优先级低
advert_int 1 #组播信息发送间隔，两个节点设置必须一样
authentication { #设置验证信息，两个节点必须一致
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress { #指定虚拟IP, 两个节点设置必须一样
192.168.33.60/24 #如果两个nginx的ip分别是192.168.33.61,,...62，则此处的虚拟ip跟它俩同一个网段即可
}
}
BACKUP节点
global_defs {
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.33.60/24
}
}
#分别启动两台机器上的keepalived
service keepalived start
测试：
杀掉master上的keepalived进程，你会发现，在slave机器上的eth0网卡多了一个ip地址
查看ip地址的命令： ip addr
1.5. 配置keepalived心跳检查
原理：
Keepalived并不跟nginx耦合，它俩完全不是一家人
但是keepalived提供一个机制：让用户自定义一个shell脚本去检测用户自己的程序，返回状态给keepalived就可以了
MASTER节点
global_defs {
}
vrrp_script chk_health {
script "[[ `ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep | wc -l` -ge 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1"
interval 1 #每隔1秒执行上述的脚本，去检查用户的程序ngnix
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 1
priority 100
advert_int 2
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_health
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.10/24
}
notify_master "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh fault"
}
#添加切换通知脚本
vi /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
master)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
exit 0
;;
backup)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
exit 0
;;
fault)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
exit 0
;;
*)
echo 'Usage: notify.sh {master|backup|fault}'
exit 1
;;
esac
#添加执行权限
chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh
global_defs {
}
vrrp_script chk_health {
script "[[ `ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep | wc -l` -ge 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1"
interval 1
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 1
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_health
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.10/24
}
notify_master "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh fault"
}
#在第二台机器上添加notify.sh脚本
#分别在两台机器上启动keepalived
service keepalived start
chkconfig keepalived on