Python之列表&元组&字典

时间:2021-09-13 04:25:05

今天学习了Python的基本数据类型,做以下笔记,以备查用。

一、列表

列表的常用方法:

1、append()方法

def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.append(object) -- append object to end """
pass

append()方法可以在列表尾部追加一个元素,该方法每次只能接受一个参数,并且该参数可以是任何数据类型。

e:

>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> a.append(7)
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

2、extend()方法

def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
pass

extend()方法的参数是一个列表,并将该列表中的每个元素追加到列表中。

e:

>>> b = [1,2,3,4]
>>> b.extend([5,6,7])
>>> b
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

3、index()方法

def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0

index()方法返回其参数在列表中的位置,(元素索引从0开始)

e:

>>> a = [1,4,7,9,3,6]
>>> a.index(3)
4

4、insert()方法

def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
pass

insert()方法向列表中插入一个值,接受两个参数,第一个参数指定新插入值的位置,第二个参数为插入的值。

e:

>>> a = [1,3,5,8,0]
>>> a.insert(2,22)
>>> a
[1, 3, 22, 5, 8, 0]

5、pop()方法

def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
"""
pass

pop()方法接受一个参数,删除列表中以该参数为索引的值,然后返回被删除的值。若不带参数,默认删除列表中最后一个元素。

e:

>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> a.pop(3)
4
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 5]

6、remove()方法

def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
pass

remove()方法接受一个参数,删除列表中对应的值。

e:

>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 5]
>>> a.remove(5)
>>> a
[1, 2, 3]

7、count()方法

def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0

count()方法接受一个参数,返回该参数在列表中的个数。

e:

>>> a = [1,3,5,7,3,2,4,5]
>>> a.count(3)
2
>>> a.count(5)
2

8、reverse()方法

def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
pass

reverse()方法没有参数,对列表中的元素方向排序

e:

>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> a.reverse()
>>> a
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

9、sort()方法

def sort(self, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
"""
pass

sort()方法对列表中的元素进行排序

e:

>>> a = [2,5,8,3,4,9,1]
>>> a.sort()
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9]

二、元组

元组里的元素不可修改,元素的元组可以修改。

e:

元素不可修改:

>>> a = (1,2,3,[1,2,3])
>>> a[0]=4
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

元素包含的元组可以修改:

>>> a = (1,2,3,[1,2,3])
>>> a[3]
[1, 2, 3]
>>> a[3][0]=4
>>> a
(1, 2, 3, [4, 2, 3])

元组的常用方法:

1、count()方法

def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0

count()方法接受一个参数,返回该参数在元组里的个数

e:

>>> a = (1,2,3,4,5,2,5,3,4,2,6,)
>>> a.count(2)
3
>>> a.count(5)
2

2、index()方法

def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0

index()方法接受一个参数,返回该参数在元组第一次出现时的位置(索引)

e:

>>> a = (1,2,3,4,5,2,5,3,4,2,6,)
>>> a.index(4)
3

三、字典

字典的常用方法:

1、clear()方法

def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """
pass

clear()方法清空字典里的所有元素。

e:

>>> d = {1:'ahaii',2:'nancy',3:'tom'}
>>> d.clear()
>>> d
{}

2、copy()方法

def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
pass

copy()方法对字典进行浅复制。

e:

>>> d = {1:'ahaii',2:'nancy',3:'tom'}>>> a = d.copy()
>>> a
{1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}

3、get()方法

def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """
pass

get()方法返回指定键的值,若改键不存在,则返回默认值或空。

e:

>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}
>>> a.get(2)
'nancy'
>>> a.get(4)
>>>

4、has_key()方法

def has_key(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """
return False

has_key()方法判断参数是否包含在字典的key中,若存在,返回True,若不存在,返回False。

e:

>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}>>> a.has_key(1)
True
>>> a.has_key(4)
False

5、items()方法

def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples """
return []

items()方法返回一个列表,列表中的每个元素是字典的一个键值对组成的元组。

e:

>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}
>>> a.items()
[(1, 'ahaii'), (2, 'nancy'), (3, 'tom')]

6、keys()方法

def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.keys() -> list of D's keys """
return []

keys()方法返回一个列表,该列表包含字典所有的key。

e:

>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}
>>> a.keys()
[1, 2, 3]

7、pop()方法

def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
"""
pass

pop()方法必须有一个参数(注意与列表中pop()方法的区别),并删除该参数在字典中对应的值。

e:

>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}
>>> a.pop(1)
'ahaii'
>>> a
{2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}

8、values()方法

def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.values() -> list of D's values """
return []

values()方法返回包含字典所有值的列表。

e:

>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}
>>> a.values()
['ahaii', 'nancy', 'tom']

9、itmes()方法

使用items()方法可以取字典中的键值对。

e:

dic = {'':'qwe','':'uyd','':'uhd'}
for k,v in dic.items():
print k,v