[i.MX6q]i.MX6q处理器，linux操作系统平台搭建从SD卡启动系统

官方资源下载：uboot的下载地址，在百度上搜索git freescale 即进入freescale的管理库，里面资源很多，uboot版本为imx_v2009.08_3.0.35_4.1.0，点击download即可下载，这个版本对应的linux版本为3.0.35_4.1.0，当然linux内核版本在git freescale也可下载．

(1)首先是习惯性的make distclean

移除所有以前的记录，这样保证我是在一个干净的环境下进行编译．

(2)参考上面文档，我的参考平台是mx6q_sabresd

我就直接在原版基础上进行修改了，需修改的文件都在＂./board/freescale/mx6q_sabresd＂下＂flash_header.S＂和＂mx6q_sabresd.c＂．

(3)修改＂flash_header.S＂文件

至于flash_header.S做了什么，可以参考http://blog.csdn.net/kris_fei/article/details/50463018

可以理解为：

系统上电，芯片内部ROM固化了一份代码(同TI DSP)，这份代码会去读取uboot的一段代码到内部RAM中去(也就是uboot的第一段)，也就是读取flash_header.s中的配置，然后去初始化DDR。
之后，将整个uboot内容拷贝到DDR中，再将执行权交给uboot的start.S, 从而执行uboot的初始化。

使用下面代码替换源文件中代码

 #else  /* i.MX6Q */

 dcd_hdr:          .word 0x40a002D2 /* Tag=0xD2, Len=83*8 + 4 + 4, Ver=0x40 */

 write_dcd_cmd:    .word 0x049c02CC /* Tag=0xCC, Len=83*8 + 4, Param=0x04 */

 /* DCD */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x798, 0x000C0000)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x758, 0x00000000)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x588, 0x00000030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x594, 0x00000030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x56c, 0x00000030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x578, 0x00000030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x74c, 0x00000030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x57c, 0x00000030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x58c, 0x00000000)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x59c, 0x00000030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5a0, 0x00000030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x78c, 0x00000030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x750, 0x00020000)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5a8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x524, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x51c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x518, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x50c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5c0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x774, 0x00020000)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x784, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x788, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x794, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x79c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x748, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5ac, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x528, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x520, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x514, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x510, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5bc, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5c4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x800, 0xA1390003) 

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x80c, 0x001F001F)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x810, 0x001F001F)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x80c, 0x001F001F)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x810, 0x001F001F)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x83c, 0x4333033F)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x840, 0x032C031D)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x83c, 0x43200332)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x840, 0x031A026A)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x848, 0x4D464746)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x848, 0x47453F4D)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x850, 0x3E434440)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x850, 0x47384839)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x81c, 0x33333333)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x820, 0x33333333)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x824, 0x33333333)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x828, 0x33333333)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x81c, 0x33333333)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x820, 0x33333333)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x824, 0x33333333)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x828, 0x33333333)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x8b8, 0x00000800)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x8b8, 0x00000800)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x004, 0x00020036)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x008, 0x09444040)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x00c, 0x8A8F7955) /* 555A7975 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x010, 0xFF328F64) /* FF328F64 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x014, 0x01FF00DB)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x018, 0x00001740)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00008000)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x02c, 0x000026D2)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x030, 0x008F1023) /* 005A1023 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x040, 0x00000047) /* 00000027 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x000, 0x841A0000) /* 831A0000 */

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x04088032)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00008033)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00048031)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x09408030)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x04008040)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x020, 0x00005800)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x818, 0x00011117)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x818, 0x00011117)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x004, 0x00025576)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x404, 0x00011006)

 MXC_DCD_ITEM(, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00000000)

 #endif

(４)修改＂mx6q_sabresd.c＂文件

完成对应硬件的uart的修改和mmc的修改

uart1移植，修改UART1对应的TXD和RXD引脚．

 static void setup_uart(void)

 {

 #if defined CONFIG_MX6Q

         /* UART1 TXD */

         //mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD);

         /* UART1 RXD */

         //mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD);

         /* UART1 TXD */

         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__UART1_TXD);

         //  /* UART1 RXD */

         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__UART1_RXD);

 #elif defined CONFIG_MX6DL

         /* UART1 TXD */

         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6DL_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD);

         /* UART1 RXD */

         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6DL_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD);

 #endif

 }

mmc移植，解决mmc的引脚冲突文件，

  iomux_v3_cfg_t usdhc3_pads[] = {

             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CLK__USDHC3_CLK,

             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CMD__USDHC3_CMD,

             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT0__USDHC3_DAT0,

             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT1__USDHC3_DAT1,

             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT2__USDHC3_DAT2,

             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT3__USDHC3_DAT3,

             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT4__USDHC3_DAT4,

             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT5__USDHC3_DAT5,

             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__USDHC3_DAT6,

             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__USDHC3_DAT7,

     };

( 5 )修改uboot启动默认环境变量．

　　初始烧写时，存放uboot环境变量的存储空间无环境变量(如果用户命令敲入的环境变量，在什么位置？R：在SD卡或者nandflash中，其实是被划分为四块区域，uboot|parameter|kerenl|rootfs, 具体参数的地址可以在uboot源码中include/configs/mx6q_sabresd.h中的宏#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET xxx中找到)，此时uboot会使用默认的环境变量，imx6q_sabresd默认环境变量位置为./include/configs 下的mx6q_sabresd.h．

　vi mx6q_sabresd.h

默认环境变量为

 #define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS                                       \

                 "netdev=eth0\0"                                         \

                 "ethprime=FEC0\0"                                       \

                 "uboot=u-boot.bin\0"                    \

                 "kernel=uImage\0"                               \

                 "nfsroot=/opt/eldk/arm\0"                               \

                 "bootargs_base=setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200\0"\

                 "bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "\

                         "ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp\0"\

                 "bootcmd_net=run bootargs_base bootargs_nfs; "          \

                         "tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${kernel}; bootm\0"       \

                 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=dhcp "     \

                         "root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait\0"                \

                 "bootcmd_mmc=run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; "   \

                 "mmc dev 3; "   \

                 "mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm\0"    \

                 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_net\0"

　需要修改处：

①根文件系统存储地址

 "root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait\0"  

更改为

 "root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait\0"

②uboot 运行的参数

 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_net\0"　　这为启动网络方式挂载内核和根文件系统 

更改为

 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_mmc\0"　　这为从flash中获取内核和根文件系统

③获取可执行程序位置

 "mmc dev 3; "  

更改为

 "mmc dev 1; "

④去掉IP地址通过DHCP获取

 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=dhcp " \ 

更改为

 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} " \

⑤增加了uboot期间，网络的mac地址

 "ethaddr=11:22:33:44:55:66\0"\

⑥更改了网络挂载根文件系统的位置

 "nfsroot=/home/shirf/my_explore/nfs_file/rootfs\0"

⑦更改了通过网络获取内核和根文件系统时的配置

 "bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "\ 
 "ip=${ipaddr} nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp\0"\ 

不用原版的通过dhcp获取ip，而用uboot环境变量中的静态ip

更改后我的默认环境变量为

 #define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS                                       \

                 "ethaddr=11:22:33:44:55:66\0"\

                 "netdev=eth0\0"                                         \

                 "ethprime=FEC0\0"                                       \

                 "uboot=u-boot.bin\0"                    \

                 "kernel=uImage\0"                               \

                 "nfsroot=/home/shirf/my_explore/nfs_file/rootfs\0"                              \

                 "bootargs_base=setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200\0"\

                 "bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "\

                         "ip=${ipaddr} nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp\0"\

                 "bootcmd_net=run bootargs_base bootargs_nfs; "          \

                         "tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${kernel}; bootm\0"       \

                 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} "     \

                         "root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait\0"                \

                 "bootcmd_mmc=run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; "   \

                 "mmc dev 1; "   \

                 "mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm\0"    \

                 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_mmc\0"

按照如上修改，就可以从SD卡获取剩余的内核和根文件系(uboot必须提供哪些环境变量？如rootfs位置、内核位置、串口参数等)，并进行后面的程序启动．

此处为SD卡，mmc dev 1表示当前处于mmcblk1的第0个分区，mmc read $(loadaddr) 0x800 0x2000; bootm\0中$(loadaddr)为DDR中内核启动地址，0x800表示mmc设备地址为0x800*512=0x100000位置处，读取0x2000*512即4M的大小到DDR的$(loadaddr)处，然后bootm启动内核。
如果是nandflash，那么可以有下面的bootcmd

bootcmd=nand read 0x30008000 0x600000 0x500000;bootm 0x30008000.

解释，将nandflash中的kernel分区(分区的起始地址为0x600000, 大小为0x500000=5M)读取到DDR内存为0x30008000地址处，然后调用bootm从0x30008000处启动内核。

uboot启动时，默认的ip地址也在./include/configs 下的mx6q_sabresd.h．

  #define CONFIG_IPADDR                   192.168.1.103

  #define CONFIG_SERVERIP                 192.168.1.101

  #define CONFIG_NETMASK                  255.255.255.0

(６)编辑编译脚本

 vi build.sh

 export ARCH=arm

 export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

 make distclean

 make mx6q_sabresd_config

 make

chmod +x build.sh

./build.sh

烧写文件：在uboot的根目录下生成，u-boot.bin即使需要的烧写文件

如何查看uboot的环境变量，在uboot命令模式下输入print or printenv, 保存命令行参数使用saveenv, 设置参数使用setenv.

２,linux内核移植

资源下载：

官方下载地址：http://git.freescale.com/git/cgit.cgi/imx/linux-2.6-imx.git/commit/?h=imx_3.0.35_4.1.0，下载内核版本为linux_imx_3,0.35_4.1.0版本

( 1 )首先习惯性使用make distclean 对源码进行清零．

( 2 )修改串口配置，

进入arch/arm/mach-mx6/目录，修改

vi board-mx6q_sabresd.h

/* UART1 for debug */

    //MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD,

    //MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD,

    MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__UART1_TXD,

    MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__UART1_RXD,

(3)修改SD配置部分

/* USDHC2 */

        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_CLK__USDHC2_CLK,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_CMD__USDHC2_CMD,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT0__USDHC2_DAT0,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT1__USDHC2_DAT1,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT2__USDHC2_DAT2,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT3__USDHC2_DAT3,

        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D4__USDHC2_DAT4,

        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D5__USDHC2_DAT5,

        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D6__USDHC2_DAT6,

        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D7__USDHC2_DAT7,

        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D2__GPIO_2_2,          /* SD2_CD */

        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D3__GPIO_2_3,          /* SD2_WP */

        MX6Q_PAD_GPIO_2__USDHC2_WP,

        MX6Q_PAD_GPIO_4__USDHC2_CD,

(4)修改SD3于串口冲突地方，修改为

/* USDHC3 */

        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CLK__USDHC3_CLK_50MHZ,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CMD__USDHC3_CMD_50MHZ,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT0__USDHC3_DAT0_50MHZ,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT1__USDHC3_DAT1_50MHZ,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT2__USDHC3_DAT2_50MHZ,

        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT3__USDHC3_DAT3_50MHZ,

        //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT4__USDHC3_DAT4_50MHZ,

        //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT5__USDHC3_DAT5_50MHZ,

        //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__USDHC3_DAT6_50MHZ,

        //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__USDHC3_DAT7_50MHZ,

        MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D0__GPIO_2_0,            /* SD3_CD */

        MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D1__GPIO_2_1,            /* SD3_WP */

(5)修改board-mx6q_sabresd.c

vi board-mx6q_sabresd.c

//#define SABRESD_SD2_CD                IMX_GPIO_NR(2, 2)

//#define SABRESD_SD2_WP                IMX_GPIO_NR(2, 3)

#define SABRESD_SD2_CD          IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 4)

#define SABRESD_SD2_WP          IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 2)

(6)编译内核需求工具

编译内核需要mkimage工具，此工具在uboot 下tools目录中，有两种方式，

第一种，讲mkimage复制到/usr/bin下

第二种讲./tools加到环境变量中．

此时，在编译内核时，就会找到mkimage工具

(7)写编译脚本

回到内核源码的根目录中

vi build.sh

export ARCH=arm

export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

make distclean

make imx6_defconfig

make uImage

chmod +x build.sh

./build.sh

此时就开始编译内核，但是时间大概要５分钟左右，可以洗洗刷刷．

烧写文件：./arch/arm/boot/ 目录下uImage文件

３.根文件系统制作

rootfs所需资料：一个目录结构，busybox，linux内核模块，编译器的库．

其中busybox提供精简而常用的指令．busybox下载地址：百度下就知道了 https://busybox.net/

下面开始建立rootfs了，

( 1 )建立目录结构

vi rootfs.sh

#!/bin/sh

echo "------Create rootfs directons start...--------"

mkdir rootfs

cd rootfs

echo "--------Create root,dev....----------"

mkdir bin sbin root dev etc boot tmp var sys proc lib mnt home usr

mkdir usr/sbin usr/bin usr/lib usr/modules

echo "make node in dev/console dev/null"

sudo mknod -m  dev/console c

sudo mknod -m  dev/null  c

mkdir mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp

mkdir var/lib var/lock var/run var/tmp

chmod  tmp

chmod  var/tmp

echo "-------make direction done---------"

chmod +x rootfs.sh

./rootfs.sh

(2)安装busybox

我使用busybox-1_24_stable.tar.bz2版本

tar -xvjf busybox-1_24_stable.tar.bz2

cd busybox-1_24_stable/

make distclean

make defconfig

make menuconfig

配置菜单跟配置内核时的差不多，依次进入 Busybox Settings => Build Options => Cross Compiler prefix (NEW) ，设置为编译器的前缀，我的是 arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

make CONFIG_PREFIX=../rootfs install

至此，busybox安装完毕

(3)配置etc启动项

busybox自带的etc默认在 busybox-1_24_stable/examples/bootfloppy/etc/ 文件夹下，就以此为模板来修改

cp -rf busybox-1_24_stable/examples/bootfloppy/etc/* rootfs/etc/

①inittab文件更改为

::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

#power on not login

::respawn:-/bin/sh

#power on need login

#::respawn:-/bin/login

::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r

②profie文件更改为

# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells

PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib

echo

echo -n "Processing /etc/profile... "

echo "Done"

echo

③init/rcS文件更改为

#! /bin/sh

/bin/mkdir -p /dev/pts

/bin/mkdir -p /dev/shm

/bin/mount -a

/bin/mount -t tmpfs mdev /dev

/bin/echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug

mdev -s

#######config Network################################

/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

/sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.103

/sbin/ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.0

/sbin/route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0

④fstab文件更改为

proc            /proc   proc    defaults

sysfs           /sys    sysfs   defaults

none            /dev/pts    devpts   mode=

tmpfs           /dev/shm    tmpfs    defaults

⑤登陆用户

cp /etc/passwd etc/

cp /etc/shadow etc/

cp /etc/group etc/

保留你需要的登陆用户名

当然此步可以忽略，无此步就是需要要任何认证即可登陆

(4)安装内核模块

进入linux-3.0.35内核源码根目录

make modules ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

make modules_install ARCH=arm INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../mkrootfs/rootfs

至此完成内核模块的安装

(5)复制编译器的库

cp -pR ../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi-4.8./arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/*so* ./lib/　-d

cp -pR ../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi-4.8.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/*so* ./usr/lib/ -d

此次库安装完毕．

打包跟文件系统，进入根文件系统的根目录，

tar cvzf rootfs.tgz *

此时，rootfs.tgz就是打包好的根文件系统．

到此为止，根文件系统建立完毕．下面开始烧写可执行文件喽．

４.烧写

烧写所需食材就是前面生成的可执行文件，u-boot.bin/uImage/rootfs.tgz．

我的SD卡为sdb设备文件，根据挂载的设备文件不同进行修改．

( 1 )擦除环境变量存储位置

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs= seek= count=

sync

( ２ )烧写u-boot.bin

这里跳过SD卡的前1k会不会导致片内ROM无法找到SD卡？

sudo dd if=u-boot.bin of=/dev/sdb bs= seek= skip=

sync

( 3)烧写uImage

此处是从SD卡的2048*512=0x100000处开始写入kernel，和上面的uboot环境变量保持了一致。

sudo dd if=uImage of=/dev/sdb bs= seek=

sync

(４)烧写根文件系统

对SD进行ext3分区，并拷贝文件分区

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

Step1: 通过指令u切换到sectors模式。输入u后回车，fdisk会在sectors模式和cylinders模式间切换，这里切换到sectors模式。

Step2:通过d指令删除原来的分区。重复的输入d并回车，可以删除SD卡原有的分区，知道没有任何分区为止。

Step3:通过n指令新建分区。输入n并回车。

Step4:通过p指令设置为主分区。输入p并回车。

Step5:输入分区编号。这里输入数字1。

Step6:输入分区的起始位置。该位置是sectors为单位的，每个sector的大小为512B，这里偏移8M，给内核留下足够的存储空间，输入16384(8192*2)，即从0x800000偏移处作为第一个分区并回车。

Step7:输入分区的结束为止。直接使用默认值，即到达SD卡的末尾，故直接回车即可。

Step8:保存分区信息。输入指令w并回车。

使用ext3格式化SD卡

sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

挂载SD卡到/mnt目录下，这样就可用对SD卡进行操作

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt

sudo tar xvzf rootfs.tgz -C /mnt/

sync

此时，已完成平台移植，查到开发板开电，是不是很激动而紧张啊

５.上电打印信息

U-Boot 2009.08-dirty ( ??月   - ::)

CPU: Freescale i.MX6 family TO1. at  MHz

Thermal sensor with ratio =

Temperature:    C, calibration data 0x5384a769

mx6q pll1: 792MHz

mx6q pll2: 528MHz

mx6q pll3: 480MHz

mx6q pll8: 50MHz

ipg clock     : 66000000Hz

ipg per clock : 66000000Hz

uart clock    : 80000000Hz

cspi clock    : 60000000Hz

ahb clock     : 132000000Hz

axi clock   : 264000000Hz

emi_slow clock: 132000000Hz

ddr clock     : 528000000Hz

usdhc1 clock  : 198000000Hz

usdhc2 clock  : 198000000Hz

usdhc3 clock  : 198000000Hz

usdhc4 clock  : 198000000Hz

nfc clock     : 24000000Hz

Board: i.MX6Q-SABRESD: unknown-board Board: 0x63012 [WDOG ]

Boot Device: SD

I2C:   ready

DRAM:    GB

MMC:   FSL_USDHC: ,FSL_USDHC: ,FSL_USDHC: ,FSL_USDHC:

*** Warning - bad CRC or MMC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   got MAC address from IIM: :::::

FEC0 [PRIME]

Hit any key to stop autoboot:

mmc1 is current device

MMC read: dev # , block # , count  ...  blocks read: OK

## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at  ...

   Image Name:   Linux-3.0.

   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

   Data Size:     Bytes =  3.7 MB

   Load Address:

   Entry Point:

   Verifying Checksum ... OK

   Loading Kernel Image ... OK

OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.

Linux version 3.0. (shirf@shirf-pc) (gcc version 4.8.  (prerelease) (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2014.05-) ) # SMP PREEMPT Sun Jan

CPU: ARMv7 Processor [412fc09a] revision  (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7d

CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache

Machine: Freescale i.MX 6Quad/DualLite/Solo Sabre-SD Board

Ignoring unrecognised tag 0x54410008

Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writealloc

CPU identified as i.MX6Q, silicon rev 1.2

PERCPU: Embedded  pages/cpu @8c008000 s5440 r8192 d15040 u32768

Built  zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages:

Kernel command line: console=ttymxc0, root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait

PID hash table entries:  (order: ,  bytes)

Dentry cache hash table entries:  (order: ,  bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries:  (order: ,  bytes)

Memory: 512MB 256MB = 768MB total

Memory: 765844k/765844k available, 282732k reserved, 0K highmem

Virtual kernel memory layout:

    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (    kB)

    fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   (  kB)

    DMA     : 0xf4600000 - 0xffe00000   (  MB)

    vmalloc : 0xc0800000 - 0xf2000000   (  MB)

    lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0xc0000000   ( MB)

    pkmap   : 0x7fe00000 - 0x80000000   (    MB)

    modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x7fe00000   (   MB)

      .init : 0x80008000 - 0x8003c000   (  kB)

      .text : 0x8003c000 - 0x80a9a220   ( kB)

      .data : 0x80a9c000 - 0x80affce0   (  kB)

       .bss : 0x80affd04 - 0x80b2db4c   (  kB)

SLUB: Genslabs=, HWalign=, Order=-, MinObjects=, CPUs=, Nodes=

Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.

NR_IRQS:

MXC GPIO hardware

sched_clock:  bits at 3000kHz, resolution 333ns, wraps every 1431655ms

arm_max_freq=1GHz

MXC_Early serial console at MMIO 0x2020000 (options '')

bootconsole [ttymxc0] enabled

Console: colour dummy device 80x30

Calibrating delay loop... 1581.05 BogoMIPS (lpj=)

pid_max: default:  minimum:

Mount-cache hash table entries:

CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok

hw perfevents: enabled with ARMv7 Cortex-A9 PMU driver,  counters available

CPU1: Booted secondary processor

CPU2: Booted secondary processor

CPU3: Booted secondary processor

Brought up  CPUs

SMP: Total of  processors activated (6324.22 BogoMIPS).

print_constraints: dummy:

NET: Registered protocol family

print_constraints: vddpu:  <-->  mV at  mV fast normal

print_constraints: vddcore:  <-->  mV at  mV fast normal

print_constraints: vddsoc:  <-->  mV at  mV fast normal

print_constraints: vdd2p5:  <-->  mV at  mV fast normal

print_constraints: vdd1p1:  <-->  mV at  mV fast normal

print_constraints: vdd3p0:  <-->  mV at  mV fast normal

hw-breakpoint: found  breakpoint and  watchpoint registers.

hw-breakpoint:  breakpoint(s) reserved for watchpoint single-step.

hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is  bytes.

L310 cache controller enabled

l2x0:  ways, CACHE_ID 0x410000c7, AUX_CTRL 0x32070000, Cache size:  B

bio: create slab <bio-> at

mxs-dma mxs-dma-apbh: initialized

print_constraints: SPKVDD:  mV

print_constraints: vmmc:  mV

SCSI subsystem initialized

spi_imx imx6q-ecspi.: probed

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs

usbcore: registered new interface driver hub

usbcore: registered new device driver usb

Freescale USB OTG Driver loaded, $Revision: 1.55 $

mc_pfuze -: recv failed!:-,c8

mc_pfuze: probe of - failed with error -

imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.: IPU DMFC NORMAL mode: (~), 5B(,), 5F(,)

imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.: IPU DMFC NORMAL mode: (~), 5B(,), 5F(,)

mxc_mipi_csi2 mxc_mipi_csi2: i.MX MIPI CSI2 driver probed

mxc_mipi_csi2 mxc_mipi_csi2: i.MX MIPI CSI2 dphy version is 0x3130302a

MIPI CSI2 driver module loaded

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0..

Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16

NET: Registered protocol family

Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized

Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized

Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized

Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized

cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain

max17135 -: PMIC MAX17135 for eInk display

i2c-core: driver [max17135] using legacy suspend method

i2c-core: driver [max17135] using legacy resume method

Switching to clocksource mxc_timer1

NET: Registered protocol family

IP route cache hash table entries:  (order: ,  bytes)

TCP established hash table entries:  (order: ,  bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries:  (order: ,  bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established  bind )

TCP reno registered

UDP hash table entries:  (order: ,  bytes)

UDP-Lite hash table entries:  (order: ,  bytes)

NET: Registered protocol family

RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.

RPC: Registered udp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4. backchannel transport module.

PMU: registered new PMU device of type

Static Power Management for Freescale i.MX6

wait mode is enabled for i.MX6

cpaddr =  suspend_iram_base=f2900000

PM driver module loaded

IMX usb wakeup probe

add wake up source irq

IMX usb wakeup probe

cpu regulator mode:ldo_enable

i.MXC CPU frequency driver

JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) ?© - Red Hat, Inc.

msgmni has been set to

alg: No test for stdrng (krng)

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler deadline registered

io scheduler cfq registered (default)

mxc_mipi_dsi mxc_mipi_dsi: i.MX MIPI DSI driver probed

MIPI DSI driver module loaded

mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.: register mxc display driver ldb

_regulator_get: get() with no identifier

imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.: IPU DMFC DP HIGH RESOLUTION: (,), 5B(~), 5F(,)

Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48

mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.: register mxc display driver ldb

mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.: register mxc display driver lcd

mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.: register mxc display driver ldb

mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.: ipu1-di0 already in use

mxc_sdc_fb: probe of mxc_sdc_fb. failed with error -

imx-sdma imx-sdma: loaded firmware 1.1

imx-sdma imx-sdma: initialized

Serial: IMX driver

imx-uart.: ttymxc2 at MMIO 0x21ec000 (irq = ) is a IMX

imx-uart.: ttymxc0 at MMIO 0x2020000 (irq = ) is a IMX

console [ttymxc0] enabled, bootconsole disabled

console [ttymxc0] enabled, bootconsole disabled

loop: module loaded

Wait for CR ACK error!

sata phy rx_pll is stable!

No sata disk.

m25p80 spi0.: unrecognized JEDEC id ffffff

GPMI NAND driver registered. (IMX)

vcan: Virtual CAN interface driver

CAN device driver interface

flexcan netdevice driver

FEC Ethernet Driver

fec_enet_mii_bus: probed

ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver

fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.: Freescale On-Chip EHCI Host Controller

fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number

fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.: irq , io base 0x02184000

fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00

hub -:1.0: USB hub found

hub -:1.0:  port detected

add wake up source irq

fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.: Freescale On-Chip EHCI Host Controller

fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number

fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.: irq , io base 0x02184200

fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00

hub -:1.0: USB hub found

hub -:1.0:  port detected

Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...

usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage

USB Mass Storage support registered.

ARC USBOTG Device Controller driver ( August )

mousedev: PS/ mouse device common for all mice

input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0

input: max11801_ts as /devices/platform/imx-i2c./i2c-/-/input/input1

egalax_ts -: egalax_ts: failed to read firmware version

egalax_ts: probe of - failed with error -

egalax_ts -: egalax_ts: failed to read firmware version

egalax_ts: probe of - failed with error -

usb -: new high speed USB device number  using fsl-ehci

elan - Read Hello Packet Failed

elan-touch: probe of - failed with error -

i2c-core: driver [isl29023] using legacy suspend method

i2c-core: driver [isl29023] using legacy resume method

snvs_rtc snvs_rtc.: rtc core: registered snvs_rtc as rtc0

i2c /dev entries driver

Linux video capture interface: v2.

mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.: V4L2 device registered as video16

mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.: V4L2 device registered as video17

mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.: V4L2 device registered as video18

mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.: V4L2 device registered as video19

mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.: V4L2 device registered as video20

hub -:1.0: USB hub found

hub -:1.0:  ports detected

mag3110 -000e: check mag3110 chip ID

mag3110 -000e: read chip ID 0xfffffffb is not equal to 0xc4!

mag3110: probe of -000e failed with error -

i2c-core: driver [mag3110] using legacy suspend method

i2c-core: driver [mag3110] using legacy resume method

mma8451 -001c: read chip ID 0x1 is not equal to 0x1a or 0x2a!

mma8451: probe of -001c failed with error -

imx2-wdt imx2-wdt.: IMX2+ Watchdog Timer enabled. timeout=60s (nowayout=)

Bluetooth: Virtual HCI driver ver 1.3

Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.2

Bluetooth: HCIATH3K protocol initialized

Bluetooth: Generic Bluetooth USB driver ver 0.6

usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb

sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver

sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman

mmc0: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.] using DMA

sdhci sdhci-esdhc-imx.: no card-detect pin available!

mmc1: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.] using DMA

mmc2: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.] using DMA

mxc_vdoa mxc_vdoa: i.MX Video Data Order Adapter(VDOA) driver probed

VPU initialized

mxc_asrc registered

Galcore version 4.6.9.9754

Thermal calibration data is 0x5384a769

Thermal sensor with ratio =

Anatop Thermal registered as thermal_zone0

anatop_thermal_probe: default cooling device is cpufreq!

leds-gpio: probe of leds-gpio failed with error -

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid

usbhid: USB HID core driver

usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio

mxc_hdmi_soc mxc_hdmi_soc.: MXC HDMI Audio

Cirrus Logic CS42888 ALSA SoC Codec Driver

i2c-core: driver [cs42888] using legacy suspend method

i2c-core: driver [cs42888] using legacy resume method

imx-hdmi-soc-dai imx-hdmi-soc-dai.: Failed: Load HDMI-video first.

wm8962 -001a: Failed to get supply 'DCVDD': -

wm8962 -001a: Failed to request supplies: -

wm8962 -001a: asoc: failed to probe CODEC wm8962.-001a: -

asoc: failed to instantiate card wm8962-audio: -

mmc0: new high speed DDR MMC card at address

imx_3stack asoc driver

mmcblk0: mmc0: 008G92 7.28 GiB

mmcblk0boot0: mmc0: 008G92 partition  4.00 MiB

mmcblk0boot1: mmc0: 008G92 partition  4.00 MiB

 mmcblk0: p1

Initialize HDMI-audio failed. Load HDMI-video first!

ALSA device list:

  No soundcards found.

NET: Registered protocol family

 mmcblk0boot1: unknown partition table

TCP cubic registered

NET: Registered protocol family

can: controller area network core (rev  abi )

NET: Registered protocol family

can: raw protocol (rev )

can: broadcast manager protocol (rev  t)

Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized

Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized

Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11

Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3

Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast

 mmcblk0boot0: unknown partition table

Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2

lib80211: common routines for IEEE802. drivers

VFP support v0.: implementor  architecture  part  variant  rev

DDR type is DDR3

Bus freq driver module loaded

Bus freq driver Enabled

mxc_dvfs_core_probe

DVFS driver module loaded

regulator_init_complete: SPKVDD: incomplete constraints, leaving on

snvs_rtc snvs_rtc.: setting system clock to -- :: UTC ()

Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk1p1...

mmc1: new high speed SD card at address

mmcblk1: mmc1: SA02G 1.81 GiB

 mmcblk1: p1

EXT3-fs: barriers not enabled

kjournald starting.  Commit interval  seconds

EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): using internal journal

EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): recovery complete

EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): mounted filesystem with writeback data mode

VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device :.

Freeing init memory: 208K

eth0: Freescale FEC PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=:, irq=-)

Processing /etc/profile... Done

/ # PHY: : - Link is Up - /Full

问题：

关于dd命令：

if/of=input file/output file, 从file中读和写
bs=bytes,一次读写的bytes，默认为512.
skip=blocks, 在拷贝之前，跳过输入文件的前block块，而块大小为bs字节数，默认为512.
seek=blocks, 在拷贝之前，跳过输出文件的前block块，块大小同上.
count=blocks, 只拷贝输入文件的前block块，直到文件末尾.

秒客网

[i.MX6q]i.MX6q处理器，linux操作系统平台搭建从SD卡启动系统

１.　uboot 的移植

(1)首先是习惯性的make distclean

(2)参考上面文档，我的参考平台是mx6q_sabresd

(3)修改＂flash_header.S＂文件

(４)修改＂mx6q_sabresd.c＂文件

( 5 )修改uboot启动默认环境变量．

(６)编辑编译脚本

２,linux内核移植

( 1 )首先习惯性使用make distclean 对源码进行清零．

( 2 )修改串口配置，

(3)修改SD配置部分

(4)修改SD3于串口冲突地方，修改为

(5)修改board-mx6q_sabresd.c

(6)编译内核需求工具

(7)写编译脚本

３.根文件系统制作

( 1 )建立目录结构

(2)安装busybox

(3)配置etc启动项

(4)安装内核模块

(5)复制编译器的库

４.烧写

( 1 )擦除环境变量存储位置

( ２ )烧写u-boot.bin

( 3)烧写uImage

(４)烧写根文件系统

５.上电打印信息

相关文章

[i.MX6q]i.MX6q处理器，linux操作系统平台搭建 从SD卡启动系统

１. uboot 的移植

(1)首先是习惯性的make distclean

(2)参考上面文档，我的参考平台是mx6q_sabresd

(3)修改＂flash_header.S＂文件

(４)修改＂mx6q_sabresd.c＂文件

( 5 )修改uboot启动默认环境变量．

(６)编辑编译脚本

２,linux内核移植

( 1 )首先习惯性使用make distclean 对源码进行清零．

( 2 )修改串口配置，

(3)修改SD配置部分

(4)修改SD3于串口冲突地方，修改为

(5)修改board-mx6q_sabresd.c

(6)编译内核需求工具

(7)写编译脚本

３.根文件系统制作

( 1 )建立目录结构

(2)安装busybox

(3)配置etc启动项

(4)安装内核模块

(5)复制编译器的库

４.烧写

( 1 )擦除环境变量存储位置

( ２ )烧写u-boot.bin

( 3)烧写uImage

(４)烧写根文件系统

５.上电打印信息

相关文章

[i.MX6q]i.MX6q处理器，linux操作系统平台搭建从SD卡启动系统

１.　uboot 的移植