于登录随机验证码的实现

时间:2022-11-04 14:30:02

一、验证码相关知识

Python生成随机验证码,需要使用PIL模块.

安装:

pip3 install pillow

基本使用

1. 创建图片

from PIL import Image
img
= Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))

# 在图片查看器中打开
#
img.show()

# 保存在本地
with open('code.png','wb') as f:
img.save(f,format
='png')

2. 创建画笔,用于在图片上画任意内容

img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw
= ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')

3. 画点

1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数:表示坐标
4 # 第二个参数:表示颜色
5 draw.point([100, 100], fill="red")
6 draw.point([300, 300], fill=(255, 255, 255))

4. 画线

1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标和结束坐标
4 # 第二个参数:表示颜色
5 draw.line((100,100,100,300), fill='red')
6 draw.line((100,100,300,100), fill=(255, 255, 255))

5. 画圆

img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw
= ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数:表示起始坐标和结束坐标(圆要画在其中间)
#
第二个参数:表示开始角度
#
第三个参数:表示结束角度
#
第四个参数:表示颜色
draw.arc((100,100,300,300),0,90,fill="red")

6. 写文本

1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标
4 # 第二个参数:表示写入内容
5 # 第三个参数:表示颜色
6 draw.text([0,0],'python',"red")

7. 特殊字体文字

 1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数:表示字体文件路径
4 # 第二个参数:表示字体大小
5 font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
6 # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标
7 # 第二个参数:表示写入内容
8 # 第三个参数:表示颜色
9 # 第四个参数:表示颜色
10 draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red", font=font)

图片验证码

 1 import random
2
3 def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28):
4 code = []
5 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
6 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
7
8 def rndChar():
9 """
10 生成随机字母
11 :return:
12 """
13 return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
14
15 def rndColor():
16 """
17 生成随机颜色
18 :return:
19 """
20 return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
21
22 # 写文字
23 font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
24 for i in range(char_length):
25 char = rndChar()
26 code.append(char)
27 h = random.randint(0, 4)
28 draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
29
30 # 写干扰点
31 for i in range(40):
32 draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
33
34 # 写干扰圆圈
35 for i in range(40):
36 draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
37 x = random.randint(0, width)
38 y = random.randint(0, height)
39 draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
40
41 # 画干扰线
42 for i in range(5):
43 x1 = random.randint(0, width)
44 y1 = random.randint(0, height)
45 x2 = random.randint(0, width)
46 y2 = random.randint(0, height)
47
48 draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
49
50 img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
51 return img,''.join(code)
52
53
54 if __name__ == '__main__':
55 # 1. 直接打开
56 # img,code = check_code()
57 # img.show()
58
59 # 2. 写入文件
60 # img,code = check_code()
61 # with open('code.png','wb') as f:
62 # img.save(f,format='png')
63
64 # 3. 写入内存(Python3)
65 # from io import BytesIO
66 # stream = BytesIO()
67 # img.save(stream, 'png')
68 # stream.getvalue()
69
70 # 4. 写入内存(Python2)
71 # import StringIO
72 # stream = StringIO.StringIO()
73 # img.save(stream, 'png')
74 # stream.getvalue()
75
76 pass

二、图片验证码应用

四种实现方式,越来越趋于完美

方式一:

 # 方式一:这样的方式吧路径写死了,只能是那一张图片
import os
path
= os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,"static","image","3.jpg") #路径拼接
with open(path,
"rb") as f:
data
= f.read()
return HttpResponse(data)

方式二:

# 方式二:每次都显示不同的图片,利用pillow模块,安装一个pillow模块
from PIL import Image
img
= Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color="green") #首先自己创建一个图片,参数size=(120,40) 代表长和高
f = open("validcode.png","wb")#然后把图片放在一个指定的位置
img.save(f,"png") #保存图片
f.close()
with open(
"validcode.png","rb") as f:
data
= f.read()
return HttpResponse(data)

方式三:

 # 方式三:
# 方式二也不怎么好,因为每次都要创建一个保存图片的文件,我们可以不让吧图片保存到硬盘上,
# 在内存中保存,完了自动清除,那么就引入了方式三:利用BytesIO模块
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
img
= Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color="blue")
f
= BytesIO() #内存文件句柄
img.save(f,"png") #保存文件
data = f.getvalue()#打开文件(相当于python中的f.read())
return HttpResponse(data)

方式四:

 # 方式四:1、添加画笔,也就是在图片上写上一些文字
# 2、并且字体随机,背景颜色随机
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont
import random
#随机创建图片
img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)))
draw
= ImageDraw.Draw(img,"RGB")
# 画干扰线
for i in range(5):
x1
= random.randint(0, 120)
y1
= random.randint(0, 40)
x2
= random.randint(0, 120)
y2
= random.randint(0, 40)

draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill
=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)))

font
= ImageFont.truetype("static/font/kumo.ttf",20) #20表示20像素

str_list
= [] #吧每次生成的验证码保存起来
# 随机生成五个字符
for i in range(5):
random_num
= str(random.randint(0, 9)) # 随机数字
random_lower = chr(random.randint(65, 90)) # 随机小写字母
random_upper = chr(random.randint(97, 122)) # 随机大写字母
random_char = random.choice([random_num, random_lower, random_upper])
print(random_char,"random_char")
str_list.append(random_char)
# (5 + i * 24, 10)表示坐标,字体的位置
draw.text((5+i*24,10),random_char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font)
print(str_list,"str_list")
f
= BytesIO()#内存文件句柄
img.save(f,"png") #img是一个对象
data = f.getvalue() #读取数据并返回至HTML
valid_str = "".join(str_list)
print(valid_str,"valid_str")
request.session[
"keep_valid_code"] = valid_str #吧保存到列表的东西存放至session中
return HttpResponse(data)

三、滑动验证码应用

 我们可以借助插件来做

1、打开插件,找到自己需要的验证码

2、筛选有用的路径

3、把对应的视图函数也拿过来,注意还需要一个geetest.py的文件

具体实现

于登录随机验证码的实现于登录随机验证码的实现
1 #滑动验证码
2 url(r'^pc-geetest/register', pcgetcaptcha, name='pcgetcaptcha'),
3 url(r'^pc-geetest/ajax_validate', pcajax_validate, name='pcajax_validate'),
urls
于登录随机验证码的实现于登录随机验证码的实现
 1 # ================
2 from app01.geetest import GeetestLib
3 pc_geetest_id = "b46d1900d0a894591916ea94ea91bd2c"
4 pc_geetest_key = "36fc3fe98530eea08dfc6ce76e3d24c4"
5 mobile_geetest_id = "7c25da6fe21944cfe507d2f9876775a9"
6 mobile_geetest_key = "f5883f4ee3bd4fa8caec67941de1b903"
7 # 滑动验证码
8 def pcgetcaptcha(request):
9 user_id = 'test'
10 gt = GeetestLib(pc_geetest_id, pc_geetest_key)
11 status = gt.pre_process(user_id)
12 request.session[gt.GT_STATUS_SESSION_KEY] = status
13 request.session["user_id"] = user_id
14 response_str = gt.get_response_str()
15 return HttpResponse(response_str)
16 # 滑动验证码
17 def pcajax_validate(request):
18
19 if request.method == "POST":
20 # 验证的验证码
21 ret = {"flag": False, "error_msg": None}
22 gt = GeetestLib(pc_geetest_id, pc_geetest_key)
23 challenge = request.POST.get(gt.FN_CHALLENGE, '')
24 validate = request.POST.get(gt.FN_VALIDATE, '')
25 seccode = request.POST.get(gt.FN_SECCODE, '')
26 status = request.session[gt.GT_STATUS_SESSION_KEY]
27 user_id = request.session["user_id"]
28 print("status",status)
29 if status:
30 result = gt.success_validate(challenge, validate, seccode, user_id)
31 else:
32 result = gt.failback_validate(challenge, validate, seccode)
33 if result: #如果验证验证码正确,就验证用户名是否正确
34 username = request.POST.get("username")
35 password = request.POST.get("password")
36
37 # 验证用户名和密码
38 user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
39 if user:
40 # 如果验证成功就让登录
41 ret["flag"] = True
42 auth.login(request, user)
43 else:
44 ret["error_msg"] = "用户名和密码错误"
45 else:
46 ret["error_msg"] = "验证码错误"
47 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
48 else:
49 return render(request, "login.html")
views
于登录随机验证码的实现于登录随机验证码的实现
  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
6 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
7 <title>Title</title>
8 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
9 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/login.css">
10 <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
11 滑动验证码的时候导入
12 <script src="http://static.geetest.com/static/tools/gt.js"></script>
13 <script src="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
14 <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery-cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.js"></script>
15
16 </head>
17 <body>
18 <div class="container">
19 <div class="row">
20 <div class="col-md-1=10">
21 <form class="form-horizontal" id="form_data" action="/login/" method="post">
22 {% csrf_token %}
23 <div class="form-group">
24 <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label>
25 <div class="col-sm-5">
26 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" placeholder="username" name="username">
27 </div>
28 </div>
29 <div class="form-group">
30 <label for="password" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
31 <div class="col-sm-5">
32 <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="password" name="password">
33 </div>
34 </div>
35 <div class="form-group">
36 <div class="row">
37 <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-1">
38 {# 文字部分#}
39 <label for="vialdCode" class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label>
40 <div class="col-sm-5">
41 <input type="text" class="form-control vialdCode_text" id="vialdCode" placeholder="验证码" name="vialdCode">
42 </div>
43 {# 图片部分#}
44 <div class="col-md-5">
45 <img class="vialdCode_img" src="/get_vaildCode_img/" alt="" width="200px" height="100px">
46 {# <a href=""></a> #}
47 </div>
48 </div>
49
50 </div>
51 </div>
52 <div class="form-group">
53 <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
54 <div class="checkbox">
55 <label>
56 <input type="checkbox"> 下次自动登录
57 </label>
58 </div>
59 </div>
60 </div>
61 <div class="form-group">
62 <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
63 <p>
64 <button type="button" class="btn btn-success login" id="submit">登录</button>
65 <span class="error has-error"></span></p>
66 <p>
67 <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary register">注册</button>
68 </p>
69 </div>
70 <div id="popup-captcha"></div>
71 </div>
72 </form>
73 </div>
74 </div>
75 </div>
76 {#滑动验证码#}
77 <script>
78 var handlerPopup = function (captchaObj) {
79 $("#submit").click(function () {
80 captchaObj.show();
81 });
82 //定时函数
83 $(".login").click(function () {
84 function foo() {
85 $(".error").html("")
86 }
87
88 // 成功的回调
89 captchaObj.onSuccess(function () {
90 var validate = captchaObj.getValidate();
91 $.ajax({
92 url: "/pc-geetest/ajax_validate", // 进行二次验证
93 type: "post",
94 dataType: "json",
95 headers: {"X-CSRFToken": $.cookie('csrftoken')},
96 data: {
97 username: $('#username').val(),
98 password: $('#password').val(),
99 geetest_challenge: validate.geetest_challenge,
100 geetest_validate: validate.geetest_validate,
101 geetest_seccode: validate.geetest_seccode
102 },
103 success: function (data) {
104 console.log(data);
105 if (data["flag"]) {
106 {# alert(location.search);#}
107 {# alert(location.search.slice(6));#}
108 {# 方式一#}
109 {# if (location.search.slice(6)) {#}
110 {# 如果用户没有登录点赞的时候,当用户后来又登录了,就直接让跳转到当前点赞的那个路径#}
111 {# location.href = location.search.slice(6)#}
112 {# }#}
113 {# else {#}
114 {# window.location.href = '/index/'#}
115 {# }#}
116 {# 方式二:#}
117 alert($.cookie("next_path"));
118 if ($.cookie("next_path")){
119 location.href = $.cookie("next_path")
120 }
121 else{
122 location.href = "/index/"
123 }
124 }
125 else {
126 $(".error").html(data["error_msg"]);
127 setTimeout(foo, 3000)
128 }
129 }
130 });
131 });
132
133 });
134 // 将验证码加到id为captcha的元素里
135 captchaObj.appendTo("#popup-captcha");
136 // 更多接口参考:http://www.geetest.com/install/sections/idx-client-sdk.html
137 };
138 // 验证开始需要向网站主后台获取id,challenge,success(是否启用failback)
139 $.ajax({
140 url: "/pc-geetest/register?t=" + (new Date()).getTime(), // 加随机数防止缓存
141 type: "get",
142 dataType: "json",
143 success: function (data) {
144 // 使用initGeetest接口
145 // 参数1:配置参数
146 // 参数2:回调,回调的第一个参数验证码对象,之后可以使用它做appendTo之类的事件
147 initGeetest({
148 gt: data.gt,
149 challenge: data.challenge,
150 product: "popup", // 产品形式,包括:float,embed,popup。注意只对PC版验证码有效
151 offline: !data.success // 表示用户后台检测极验服务器是否宕机,一般不需要关注
152 // 更多配置参数请参见:http://www.geetest.com/install/sections/idx-client-sdk.html#config
153 }, handlerPopup);
154 }
155 });
156 </script>
login.html