Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务中心初探

时间:2023-12-15 18:18:20

Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务注册与发现

Springboot: 2.1.6.RELEASE

SpringCloud: Greenwich.SR1

如无特殊说明,本系列文章全采用以上版本

上一篇《Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务中心初探》我们聊了什么是Nacos以及Nacos如何搭建,这一篇我们接着聊Nacos如何简单使用。

首先,Nacos是一个服务注册和服务发现的注册中心,在Spring Cloud中,可以替代Eureka的功能,我们先聊一下Nacos如何和Spring Cloud集成做一个注册中心。

整体流程为:

  1. 先启动注册中心Nacos
  2. 启动服务的提供者将提供服务,并将服务注册到注册中心Nacos上
  3. 启动服务的消费者,在Nacos中找到服务并完成消费

1. 服务提供者

新建一个producer的项目,项目依赖如下:

1.1 pom.xml项目依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>producer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>producer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>

增加Nacos的服务发现的依赖:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery,根据版本SpringCloud和SpringBoot的版本,这里我们使用0.9.0.RELEASE版本。其他版本使用请看上一篇《Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务中心初探》

1.2 配置文件application.yml

server:
port: 9000
spring:
application:
name: spring-cloud-nacos-producer
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848

1.3 启动类ProducerApplication.java

package com.springcloud.producer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; @SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProducerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class, args);
} }

@EnableDiscoveryClient 注册服务至Nacos。

1.4 controller

package com.springcloud.producer.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @Date: 2019/7/14
* @Time: 10:04
* @email: inwsy@hotmail.com
* Description:
*/
@RestController
public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam String name) {
return "hello "+name+",producer is ready";
} }

1.5 测试

启动服务producer,在浏览器访问链接:http://localhost:9000/hello?name=nacos, 可以看到页面显示hello nacos,producer is ready。

打开Nacos显示页面,可以看到服务spring-cloud-nacos-producer正常上线。

Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务中心初探

到这里,我们的服务提供者已经正常搭建完毕。

2. 服务消费者

2.1 pom.xml项目依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-cosumers</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>nacos-cosumers</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>

这里增加了spring-cloud-starter-openfeign依赖包

2.2 配置文件application.yml

server:
port: 8080
spring:
application:
name: spring-cloud-nacos-consumers
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848

2.3 启动类NacosCosumersApplication.java

package com.spring.nacoscosumers;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class NacosCosumersApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NacosCosumersApplication.class, args);
} }

@EnableFeignClients这个注解是声明Feign远程调用

2.4 Feign远程调用

创建一个remote接口

package com.spring.nacoscosumers.remote;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; @FeignClient(name= "spring-cloud-nacos-producer")
public interface HelloRemote {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
String hello(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

2.5 web层调用远程接口 Controller

package com.spring.nacoscosumers.controller;

import com.spring.nacoscosumers.remote.HelloRemote;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @Date: 2019/7/14
* @Time: 10:24
* @email: inwsy@hotmail.com
* Description:
*/
@RestController
public class HelloController { @Autowired
HelloRemote helloRemote; @RequestMapping("/hello/{name}")
public String index(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
return helloRemote.hello(name);
}
}

2.6 测试

启动服务消费者nacos-consumers,打开浏览器访问链接:http://localhost:8080/hello/nacos, 这时页面正常返回hello nacos,producer is ready,证明我们的已经通过Nacos作为注册中心已经正常提供了服务注册与发现。

3. 集成Gateway

上面介绍了Nacos可以和Feign集成使用,更多的情况下,我们需要和API网关来集成。

这里我们还是使用之前的服务提供者,新建一个服务网关。

这里我们使用了Gateway做演示,想使用Zuul的朋友可以作为参考,在原有Zuul+Eureka的基础上只需要更换配置和依赖包就可以,无需其他过多的修改。

3.1 pom.xml项目依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-gateway</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>nacos-gateway</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>

3.2 配置文件application.xml

server:
port: 8088
spring:
application:
name: spring-cloud-nacos-gateway
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true
routes:
- id: hello_route
#格式为:lb://应用注册服务名
uri: lb://spring-cloud-nacos-producer
predicates:
- Method=GET

3.3 启动类NacosGatewayApplication.java

package com.spring.nacosgateway;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication
public class NacosGatewayApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NacosGatewayApplication.class, args);
} }

3.4 测试

我们启动Gateway,打开浏览器访问链接:http://localhost:8088/spring-cloud-nacos-producer/hello?name=nacos, 浏览器正常返回:hello nacos,producer is ready, 证明我们通过服务网关来访问服务是正常的。

最后,我们打开看一下Nacos的服务列表:

Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务中心初探

这里我把消费者服务停止掉了,可以看到Nacos可以实时的显示出来。

Nacos就介绍到这里,有不清楚的可以给我留言~

Github-示例代码