backup4:数据库自动备份,自动删除备份文件

时间:2023-12-14 16:15:08

数据文件的备份,可以通过Job,设置Schedule自动管理,而手工编写TSQL脚本,实现起来十分灵活,并且能够分布式备份。在数据量不大时,你使用backup database,能够把数据库备份到指定的硬盘中,但是,当数据库增长到很大的size时,数据库的备份文件,即使压缩,也会达到很大,甚至超过单个磁盘的存储空间,这样,就必需考虑分布式备份,把数据库的备份分为N份,每一份都存储在不同的硬盘上。

一:手写TSQL 脚本

1,自动备份

每周进行一次Database 的 Full Backup,设置 Schedule Interval 为Weekly

use master
go
declare @FileName nvarchar(256)
set @FileName = N'D:\SQLBackupFolder\TestDB_FullBackup_'+CONVERT(nvarchar(max),getdate(),112)+N'.bak'
BACKUP DATABASE [TESTDB]
TO DISK = @FileName
WITH
Compression
,INIT
,SKIP
,Format
GO

每天进行一次Database的 Differential Backup,设置Schedule Interval 为Daily

use master
go
declare @FileName nvarchar(256)
set @FileName = N'D:\SQLBackupFolder\TestDB_DiffBackup_'+CONVERT(nvarchar(max),getdate(),112)+N'.bak'
BACKUP DATABASE [TESTDB]
TO DISK = @FileName
WITH
Differential
,Compression
,INIT
,SKIP
,Format
GO

2,自动删除备份文件

数据库的备份保留4周,28天,将早于28天前的数据库备份删除,每周执行一次,设置Schedule Interval为Weekly

DECLARE @ExpireDate  DATETIME
SET @ExpireDate=dateadd(day,-28,GETDATE()); DECLARE @SearchFolder nvarchar(100)
SET @SearchFolder=N'D:\SQLBackupFolder\'; EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_delete_file 0,@SearchFolder,N'bak',@ExpireDate,1;

xp_delete_file 能够删除标准的bak文件,(RESTORE HEADERONLY可以返回数据的),不能删除普通文件。

存储过程 xp_delete_file 有5个参数,按照顺序,参数代表的含义是:

  • File Type = 0 for backup files or 1 for report files.
  • Folder Path = The folder to delete files. The path must end with a backslash "\".
  • File Extension = This could be 'BAK' or 'TRN' or whatever you normally use.
  • Date = The cutoff date for what files need to be deleted.
  • Subfolder = 0 to ignore subfolders, 1 to delete files in subfolders.

3,进行备份文件分布式存储的脚本

--bull backup
declare @BackupFileName nvarchar(1024)
set @BackupFileName=N'DB_Name_FullBackupAt_'+FORMAT(getdate(),N'yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss') declare @Disk1 nvarchar(1024)
declare @Disk2 nvarchar(1024)
declare @Disk3 nvarchar(1024) select @Disk1=N'\\host1\SQLServerBackupFolder\' +@BackupFileName+N'1_.bak'
select @Disk2=N'\\host2\SQLServerBackupFolder\' +@BackupFileName+N'2_.bak'
select @Disk3=N'\\host3\SQLServerBackupFolder\' +@BackupFileName+N'3_.bak' backup database [db_name]
TO disk=@Disk1,
disk=@Disk2,
disk=@Disk3
with
compression,
format,
init,
skip,
stats=5;
go --differential backup
declare @BackupFileName nvarchar(1024)
set @BackupFileName=N'DB_Name_DiffBackupAt_'+FORMAT(getdate(),N'yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss') declare @Disk1 nvarchar(1024)
declare @Disk2 nvarchar(1024)
declare @Disk3 nvarchar(1024) select @Disk1=N'\\host1\SQLServerBackupFolder\' +@BackupFileName +N'1_.bak'
select @Disk2=N'\\host2\SQLServerBackupFolder\' +@BackupFileName +N'2_.bak'
select @Disk3=N'\\host3\SQLServerBackupFolder\' +@BackupFileName +N'3_.bak' backup database [db_name]
TO disk=@Disk1,
disk=@Disk2,
disk=@Disk3
with
differential,
compression,
format,
init,
skip,
stats=5; --cleanup backup files
declare @ExpireDate DATETIME
set @ExpireDate=dateadd(day,-22,getdate()); declare @Folder1 nvarchar(1024)
declare @Folder2 nvarchar(1024)
declare @Folder3 nvarchar(1024) select @Folder1=N'\\host1\SQLServerBackupFolder\';
select @Folder2=N'\\host2\SQLServerBackupFolder\';
select @Folder3=N'\\host3\SQLServerBackupFolder\'; execute master.dbo.xp_delete_file 0,@Folder1,N'bak',@ExpireDate,1;
execute master.dbo.xp_delete_file 0,@Folder2,N'bak',@ExpireDate,1;
execute master.dbo.xp_delete_file 0,@Folder3,N'bak',@ExpireDate,1;
go

二,使用维护计划(Maintenance Plan)

backup4:数据库自动备份,自动删除备份文件

1,使用Backup Database Task 对数据库进行Full Backup 和 Differential Backup

  • Backup Type:选择Full 进行完整备份,选择Differential进行差异备份。
  • Database(s):选择进行备份的数据库
  • Backup Component:选择Database,对数据库进行备份
  • 勾选“Create a sub-directory for each database”,在Folder中设置backup devices存储的Floder,在Backup file extension中指定backup file的扩展名
  • 在 Set Backup Compression中选择Compress Backup,对backup进行压缩。

backup4:数据库自动备份,自动删除备份文件

2,使用Maintenance Cleanup Task,将备份文件删除

在Delete files of the following type 中选择Backup files

在Search folder and delete files based on an extension 设置Folder(Backup files存储的folder),File Extension(backup files的扩展名),勾选 “Include first-level subfolders",

File Age:设置被删除的backup files的创建时间

例如,该Task 会将位于 D:\TestBackupFolder\TestDB 下,创建时间早于4周前的 xxxxx.bak 删除。

backup4:数据库自动备份,自动删除备份文件

三,使用SSIS Task来实现,Maintenance Plan 实际上也是通过SSIS Task 来实现的

在Other Tasks Catalog下,存在Backup Database Task 和 Maintenance Cleanup Task,设置和Maintenace Plan相同。

backup4:数据库自动备份,自动删除备份文件