python爬虫selenium模块详解

时间:2022-10-07 22:12:47

selenium模块

selenium基本概念

selenium优势

  • 便捷的获取网站中动态加载的数据
  • 便捷实现模拟登陆

selenium使用流程:

1.环境安装:pip install selenium

2.下载一个浏览器的驱动程序(谷歌浏览器)

3.实例化一个浏览器对象

基本使用

代码

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from selenium import webdriver
from lxml import etree
from time import sleep
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
 bro = webdriver.Chrome(r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
 bro.get(url='http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/')
 
 page_text = bro.page_source
 tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
 li_list = tree.xpath('//*[@id="gzlist"]/li')
 for li in li_list:
  name = li.xpath('./dl/@title')[0]
  print(name)
 sleep(5)
 bro.quit()

基于浏览器自动化的操作

代码

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#编写基于浏览器自动化的操作代码
 
- 发起请求: get(url)
 
- 标签定位: find系列的方法
 
- 标签交互: send_ keys( 'xxx' )
 
- 执行js程序: excute_script('jsCod')
 
- 前进,后退: back(),forward( )
 
- 关闭浏览器: quit()

代码

https://www.taobao.com/

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from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
 
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
 
bro.get(url='https://www.taobao.com/')
 
#标签定位
search_input = bro.find_element_by_id('q')
sleep(2)
#执行一组js代码,使得滚轮向下滑动
bro.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)')
sleep(2)
#标签交互
search_input.send_keys('女装')
button = bro.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search')
button.click()
 
bro.get('https://www.baidu.com')
sleep(2)
bro.back()
sleep(2)
bro.forward()
sleep(5)
bro.quit()

selenium处理iframe:

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- 如果定位的标签存在于iframe标签之中,则必须使用switch_to.frame(id)
 
- 动作链(拖动) : from selenium. webdriver import ActionChains
    - 实例化一个动作链对象: action = ActionChains (bro)
    - click_and_hold(div) :长按且点击操作
    - move_by_offset(x,y)
    - perform( )让动作链立即执行
    - action.release( )释放动作链对象

代码

https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable

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from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
 
bro.get('https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
 
bro.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
 
div = bro.find_element_by_id('draggable')
 
#动作链
action = ActionChains(bro)
action.click_and_hold(div)
 
for i in range(5):
 action.move_by_offset(17,0).perform()
 sleep(0.3)
 
#释放动作链
action.release()
 
bro.quit()

selenium模拟登陆QQ空间

代码

https://qzone.qq.com/

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from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
 
 
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
bro.get('https://qzone.qq.com/')
bro.switch_to.frame("login_frame")
 
switcher = bro.find_element_by_id('switcher_plogin')
switcher.click()
 
user_tag = bro.find_element_by_id('u')
password_tag = bro.find_element_by_id('p')
user_tag.send_keys('1234455')
password_tag.send_keys('qwer123')
sleep(1)
 
but = bro.find_element_by_id('login_button')
but.click()

无头浏览器和规避检测

代码

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from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
#实现无可视化界面
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
#实现规避检测
from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
 
#实现无可视化界面
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
#实现规避检测
option = ChromeOptions()
option.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches',['enable-automation'])
 
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe",chrome_options=chrome_options,options=option)
 
bro.get('https://www.baidu.com')
print(bro.page_source)
sleep(2)
bro.quit()

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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43710889/article/details/115269951