算法练习LeetCode初级算法之树

时间:2023-12-03 11:28:44
  • 二叉树的前序遍历

  • 我的解法:利用递归,自底向下逐步添加到list,返回最终的前序遍历list

    class Solution {

    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {

    List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();

    if (root==null) {

    return list;

    }

    list.add(root.val);

    if (root.left!=null) {

    list.addAll(preorderTraversal(root.left));

    }

    if (root.right!=null) {

    list.addAll(preorderTraversal(root.right));

    }

    return list;

    }

    }

  • 参考解法:利用递归,但只在外部建一个list,更好理解!

    class Solution {

    public List<Integer> list=new LinkedList<>();

    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {

    if (root==null)

    return list;

    list.add(root.val);

    preorderTraversal(root.left);

    preorderTraversal(root.right);

    return list;

    }

    }

  • 中序遍历二叉树,同样有两种方法

  • 第一种

    class Solution {

    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {

    List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();

    if (root==null) {

    return list;

    }

    if (root.left!=null) {

    list.addAll(inorderTraversal(root.left));

    }

    list.add(root.val);

    if (root.right!=null) {

    list.addAll(inorderTraversal(root.right));

    }

    return list;

    }

    }

  • 第二种

    class Solution {

    List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();

    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {

    if (root==null) {

    return list;

    }

    inorderTraversal(root.left);

    list.add(root.val);

    inorderTraversal(root.right);

    return list;

    }

    }

  • 后序遍历二叉树:也有两种方法,和前面的差不多,所以只写简洁的

    class Solution {

    List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();

    public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {

    if (root==null) {

    return list;

    }

    postorderTraversal(root.left);

    postorderTraversal(root.right);

    list.add(root.val);

    return list;

    }

    }

  • 层次遍历二叉树

  • 队列解法:

    class Solution {

    public List<List<Integer>> levelOrder(TreeNode root) {

    List<List<Integer>> res=new ArrayList<>();

    if (root==null) {

    return res;

    }

    Queue<TreeNode> queue=new LinkedList<>();

    queue.add(root);

    while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

    int count=queue.size();

    List<Integer> list=new LinkedList<>();

    while (count>0) {

    TreeNode node=queue.poll();

    list.add(node.val);

    if (node.left!=null) {

    queue.add(node.left);

    }

    if (node.right!=null) {

    queue.add(node.right);

    }

    count--;

    }

    res.add(list);

    }

    return res;

    }

    }

  • 递归解法:参考大神的代码!!!

    class Solution {

    public List<List<Integer>> levelOrder(TreeNode root) {

    List<List<Integer>> res=new ArrayList<>();

    if (root==null) {

    return res;

    }

    addList(res, 0, root);

    return res;

    }

    private void addList(List<List<Integer>> res,int level,TreeNode head) {

    if (head==null) {

    return;

    }

    if (res.size()<=level) { //这里有个问题,如果不是等于的话

    res.add(new ArrayList<>());

    }

    res.get(level).add(head.val);//这里的将会越界,因为level=res.size()取不到

    addList(res, level+1, head.left);

    addList(res, level+1, head.right);

    }

    }

  • 二叉树的最大深度

  • 递归

    class Solution {

    public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {

    if (root==null) {

    return 0;

    }

    int leftH=maxDepth(root.left);

    int rightH=maxDepth(root.right);

    return Math.max(leftH, rightH)+1;

    }

    }

  • 迭代

这个方法太难了,不优先考虑!!

class Solution {

public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {

Queue<Pair<TreeNode,Integer>> queue=new LinkedList<>();

if (root!=null) {

queue.add(new Pair<TreeNode, Integer>(root, 1));

}

int depth=0;

while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

Pair<TreeNode,Integer> pair=queue.poll();

root=pair.getKey();

int pair_depth=pair.getValue();

if (root!=null) {

depth=Math.max(depth, pair_depth);

queue.add(new Pair<TreeNode, Integer>(root.left, pair_depth+1));

queue.add(new Pair<TreeNode, Integer>(root.right, pair_depth+1));

}

}

return depth;

}

}

  • 对称二叉树

  • 递归

    class Solution {

    public boolean isSymmetric(TreeNode root) {

    return isMirror(root, root);

    }

    private boolean isMirror(TreeNode t1,TreeNode t2) {

    if (t1==null&&t2==null) {

    return true;

    }

    if (t1==null||t2==null) {

    return false;

    }

    return (t1.val==t2.val)&&isMirror(t1.left, t2.right)

    &&isMirror(t1.right,t2.left);

    }

    }

  • 迭代

    class Solution {

    public boolean isSymmetric(TreeNode root) {

    Queue<TreeNode> queue=new LinkedList<>();

    if (root==null||(root.left==null&&root.right==null)) {

    return true;

    }

    queue.add(root.left);

    queue.add(root.right);

    while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

    TreeNode t1=queue.poll();

    TreeNode t2=queue.poll();

    if (t1==null&&t2==null) continue;

    if(t1==null||t2==null) return false;

    if(t1.val!=t2.val) return false;

    queue.add(t1.left);

    queue.add(t2.right);

    queue.add(t1.right);

    queue.add(t2.left);

    }

    return true;

    }

    }

  • 路径总和:递归很简洁

    class Solution {

    public boolean hasPathSum(TreeNode root, int sum) {

    if (root==null) {

    return false;

    }

    if (root.left==null&&root.right==null) {

    return sum-root.val==0;

    }

    return hasPathSum(root.right, sum-root.val)||

    hasPathSum(root.left, sum-root.val);

    }

    }

  • 验证二叉搜索树

  • 利用中序遍历法:简单易懂

    class Solution {

    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {

    if (root==null) {

    return true;

    }

    List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();

    inOrder(root, list);

    for (int i = 0; i < list.size()-1; i++) {

    if (list.get(i+1)<=list.get(i)) {

    return false;

    }

    }

    return true;

    }

    private void inOrder(TreeNode node,List<Integer> list) {

    if (node==null) {

    return;

    }

    inOrder(node.left, list);

    list.add(node.val);

    inOrder(node.right, list);

    }

    }

  • 大神递归法:

    class Solution {

    double last=-Double.MAX_VALUE;

    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {

    if (root==null) {

    return true;

    }

    if (isValidBST(root.left)) {

    if (last<root.val) {

    last=root.val;

    return isValidBST(root.right);

    }

    }

    return false;

    }

    }

  • 堆桟法

    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {

    Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack();

    TreeNode p = root;

    Integer preVal = null ;

    while( p != null || !stack.isEmpty() ){

    if(p != null){

    stack.push(p);

    p = p.left;

    }else{

    p = stack.pop();

    int val = p.val;

    if(preVal == null){

    preVal = val;

    }else{

    if(val <= preVal){

    return false;

    }

    preVal = val;

    }

    p = p.right;

    }

    }

    return true;

    }

  • 将有序数组转换为二叉搜索树

  • 解法一

    class Solution {

    public TreeNode sortedArrayToBST(int[] nums) {

    return buildBST(nums, 0, nums.length-1);

    }

    private TreeNode buildBST(int[] nums,int l,int r) {

    if (l>r) {

    return null;

    }

    if (l==r) {

    return new TreeNode(nums[l]);

    }

    int mid=(r+l)/2;

    TreeNode root=new TreeNode(nums[mid]);

    root.left=buildBST(nums, l, mid-1);

    root.right=buildBST(nums, mid+1, r);

    return root;

    }

    }

  • 总结:递归是万能的,但递归真的很恶心!!!