Python中fileinput模块使用

时间:2022-01-19 03:39:20

fileinput模块可以对一个或多个文件中的内容进行迭代、遍历等操作。该模块的input()函数有点类似文件

readlines()方法,区别在于前者是一个迭代对象,需要用for循环迭代,后者是一次性读取所有行。

用fileinput对文件进行循环遍历,格式化输出,查找、替换等操作,非常方便。

【典型用法】

import fileinput
for line in fileinput.input():
process(line)

【基本格式】

fileinput.input([files[, inplace[, backup[, bufsize[, mode[, openhook]]]]]])

 

【默认格式】

fileinput.input (files=None, inplace=False, backup='', bufsize=0, mode='r', openhook=None)

files:                  #文件的路径列表,默认是stdin方式,多文件['1.txt','2.txt',...] inplace:                #是否将标准输出的结果写回文件,默认不取代 backup:                 #备份文件的扩展名,只指定扩展名,如.bak。如果该文件的备份文件已存在,则会自动覆盖。 bufsize:                #缓冲区大小,默认为0,如果文件很大,可以修改此参数,一般默认即可 mode:                   #读写模式,默认为只读 openhook:               #该钩子用于控制打开的所有文件,比如说编码方式等;   【常用函数】  
fileinput.input()       #返回能够用于for循环遍历的对象
fileinput.filename() #返回当前文件的名称
fileinput.lineno() #返回当前已经读取的行的数量(或者序号)
fileinput.filelineno() #返回当前读取的行的行号
fileinput.isfirstline() #检查当前行是否是文件的第一行
fileinput.isstdin() #判断最后一行是否从stdin中读取
fileinput.close() #关闭队列

【常见例子】

例子01: 利用fileinput读取一个文件所有行

>>> import fileinput
>>> for line in fileinput.input('data.txt'):
print line,
#输出结果
Python
Java
C
/C++
Shell

命令行方式:

#test.py
import fileinput

for line in fileinput.input():
print fileinput.filename(),'|','Line Number:',fileinput.lineno(),'|: ',line

c:
>python test.py data.txt
data.txt
| Line Number: 1 |: Python
data.txt
| Line Number: 2 |: Java
data.txt
| Line Number: 3 |: C/C++
data.txt
| Line Number: 4 |: Shell

例子02: 利用fileinput对多文件操作,并原地修改内容

#test.py
#
---样本文件---
c:Python27>type 1.txt
first
second

c:Python27
>type 2.txt
third
fourth
#---样本文件---
import fileinput

def process(line):
return line.rstrip() + ' line'

for line in fileinput.input(['1.txt','2.txt'],inplace=1):
print process(line)

#---结果输出---
c:Python27>type 1.txt
first line
second line

c:Python27
>type 2.txt
third line
fourth line

命令行方式:

#test.py
import fileinput

def process(line):
return line.rstrip() + ' line'

for line in fileinput.input(inplace = True):
print process(line)

#执行命令
c:Python27>python test.py 1.txt 2.txt

例子03: 利用fileinput实现文件内容替换,并将原文件作备份

#样本文件:
#
data.txt
Python
Java
C
/C++
Shell

#FileName: test.py
import fileinput

for line in fileinput.input('data.txt',backup='.bak',inplace=1):
print line.rstrip().replace('Python','Perl') #或者print line.replace('Python','Perl'),

#最后结果:
#
data.txt
Python
Java
C
/C++
Shell
#并生成:
#
data.txt.bak文件

例子04: 利用fileinput将CRLF文件转为LF

import fileinput
import sys

for line in fileinput.input(inplace=True):
#将Windows/DOS格式下的文本文件转为Linux的文件
if line[-2:] ==
:
line
= line +

sys.stdout.write(line)

例子05: 利用fileinput对文件简单处理

#FileName: test.py
import sys
import fileinput

for line in fileinput.input(r'C:Python27info.txt'):
sys.stdout.write(
'=> ')
sys.stdout.write(line)

#输出结果
>>>
=> The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
=>
=> Beautiful is better than ugly.
=> Explicit is better than implicit.
=> Simple is better than complex.
=> Complex is better than complicated.
=> Flat is better than nested.
=> Sparse is better than dense.
=> Readability counts.
=> Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
=> Although practicality beats purity.
=> Errors should never pass silently.
=> Unless explicitly silenced.
=> In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
=> There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
=> Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
=> Now is better than never.
=> Although never is often better than *right* now.
=> If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
=> If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
=> Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

例子06: 利用fileinput批处理文件

#---测试文件: test.txt test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt---
#
---脚本文件: test.py---
import fileinput
import glob

for line in fileinput.input(glob.glob(test*.txt)):
if fileinput.isfirstline():
print '-'*20, 'Reading %s...' % fileinput.filename(), '-'*20
print str(fileinput.lineno()) + ': ' + line.upper(),


#---输出结果:
>>>
-------------------- Reading test.txt... --------------------
1: AAAAA
2: BBBBB
3: CCCCC
4: DDDDD
5: FFFFF
-------------------- Reading test1.txt... --------------------
6: FIRST LINE
7: SECOND LINE
-------------------- Reading test2.txt... --------------------
8: THIRD LINE
9: FOURTH LINE
-------------------- Reading test3.txt... --------------------
10: THIS IS LINE 1
11: THIS IS LINE 2
12: THIS IS LINE 3
13: THIS IS LINE 4

例子07: 利用fileinput及re做日志分析: 提取所有含日期的行

#--样本文件--
aaa
1970-01-01 13:45:30 Error: **** Due to System Disk spacke not enough...
bbb
1970-01-02 10:20:30 Error: **** Due to System Out of Memory...
ccc

#---测试脚本---
import re
import fileinput
import sys

pattern
= 'd{4}-d{2}-d{2} d{2}:d{2}:d{2}'

for line in fileinput.input('error.log',backup='.bak',inplace=1):
if re.search(pattern,line):
sys.stdout.write(
=> )
sys.stdout.write(line)

#---测试结果---
=> 1970-01-01 13:45:30 Error: **** Due to System Disk spacke not enough...
=> 1970-01-02 10:20:30 Error: **** Due to System Out of Memory...

例子08: 利用fileinput及re做分析: 提取符合条件的电话号码

#---样本文件: phone.txt---
010-110-12345
800-333-1234
010-99999999
0
5718888888
021-88888888

#---测试脚本: test.py---
import re
import fileinput

pattern
= '[010|021]-d{8}' #提取区号为010或021电话号码,格式:010-12345678

for line in fileinput.input('phone.txt'):
if re.search(pattern,line):
print '=' * 50
print 'Filename:'+ fileinput.filename()+' | Line Number:'+str(fileinput.lineno())+' | '+line,

#---输出结果:---
>>>
==================================================
Filename:phone.txt
| Line Number:3 | 010-99999999
==================================================
Filename:phone.txt
| Line Number:5 | 021-88888888
>>>

例子09:利用fileinput实现类似于grep的功能

import sys
import re
import fileinput

pattern
= re.compile(sys.argv[1])
for line in fileinput.input(sys.argv[2]):
if pattern.match(line):
print fileinput.filename(), fileinput.filelineno(), line

$ .
/test.py import.* fileinput *.py

例子10:利用fileinput做正则替换

#---测试样本: input.txt
* [Learning Python](#author:Mark Lutz)

#---测试脚本: test.py
import fileinput
import re

for line in fileinput.input():
line
= re.sub(r'* [(.*)](#(.*))', r'